돼지 다리건강에 대한 유전모수 추정

김영신(Young Sin Kim),송치은(Chi Eun Song),사수진(Soo Jin Sa),조은석(Eun Seok Cho),홍준기(Joon Ki Hong) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.11

본 연구의 목적은 국내 돼지의 다리건강에 대한 유전적 특성을 구명하고 종돈장에서 활용 가능한 형질을 발굴하는 것이다. 검정이 완료된 총 41,918 두(요크셔 29,980 두, 랜드레이스 11,938 두)를 활용하였으며 전체 공시축 중에 요크셔 2,515 두, 랜드레이스 703 두로 총 3,218 두의 개체에 대해 다리형태 외모를 조사하였다. 90kg도달일령(일), 등지방두께(mm), 기립자세(점), 무릎관절(점), 발목(점), 발톱(점) 및 종합외모(점)의 총 7개 형질에 대해 선형-임계(linear-threshold) 모델로 형질별 유전력과 형질 간의 유전상관을 추정하였다. 90kg도달일령(일), 등지방두께(mm) 및 무릎관절은 중도의 유전력(0.2-0.5)으로 추정되었으며, 나머지 형질은 저도의 유전력(0.2 미만)으로 추정되었다. 유전상관에서 종합외모와 발목의 유전상관이 0.89±0.04로 가장 높았다. 다리형태 형질에서 기립자세, 무릎관절 및 발목은 사이의 유전상관은 양의 상관(0.29-0.40)으로 서로 유기적인 관계를 형성하였다. 다리형태 형질 중 무릎관절과 발목 형질의 유전력은 각각 0.23과 0.14로 다른형질보다 더 높은 개량 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 또한 이 두 형질은 유전상관에서 다른 생산성 형질과 상충성이 낮거나 중립적인 장점이 있었다. 따라서 돼지의 다리건강 개선을 위해 무릎관절과 발목의 외모가 국내개량에서 주요한 지표가 될 수 있다고 사료된다. This study was undertaken to identify genetic parameters of leg health in pigs. We estimated the heritability and genetic correlations of several performance traits: day of 90 kg (DAY), backfat thickness (BF), standing posture (SP), knee joint (KJ), pastern (PT), claw (CL), and leg overall. The phenotypic records of test performances (DAY and BF) and leg conformations (the other traits) of 41,918 and 3,218 pigs, respectively, were evaluated. Heritability (h<SUP>2</SUP>) was moderately correlated (h<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.2-0.5) with DAY, BF, and KJ, but poorly correlated (h<SUP>2</SUP> < 0.2) with SP, PT, CL, and leg overall. As regards genetic correlations, PT was strongly and positively correlated (0.89±0.04) with leg overall, and SP, KJ, and PT were significantly correlated (0.29-0.40) with each other. KJ and PT had higher heritabilities than other leg conformation traits and these traits were weakly associated with test performance (DAY and BF). The present study shows KJ and PT are more correlated with leg health than other growth traits. The findings of this study can be used to elucidate the genetic architecture of leg conformation and help improve leg health in pigs.

유전 및 육종 : 한우 도체형질의 유전능력평가를 위한 통계모형 탐색

구양모 ( Yang Mo Koo ),김시동 ( Si Dong Kim ),김정일 ( Jung Il Kim ),송치은 ( Chi Eun Song ),이기환 ( Ki Hwam Lee ),정용호 ( Yeoung Ho Jeoung ),이재윤 ( Jae Youn Lee ),장현기 ( Hyun Gi Jang ),박병호 ( Byoung Ho Park ),최태정 ( Te 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2011 한국축산학회지 Vol.53 No.4

2006년부터 2009년까지 축산물품질평가원에서 등급 판정된 도체성적이 있는 개체와 한국종축개량협회에 등록이 확인된 231,382두의 자료를 이용하여 각 도체형질의 자료구조 분석 등을 살펴보고, 각 요인별로 도체형질에 어떠한 영향을 주는 지에 대한 환경효과 등을 분석하고, 변수선택법 등을 이용하여 향후 유전능력평가에서 사용 가능한 통계모형 찾아내고자 실시하였다. 한우 암, 수, 거세를 포함한 전체집단에서 출하체중, 도체율, 등지방두께, 근내지방도에서 정규분포를 보이고 있었고, 다른 형질은 정규분포에 근접함을 확인할 수 있었다. 각 요인에 대한 분산분석에서는 한우 도체형질에 대하여 성별, 출생년도-계절, 도축년도-계절, 출생지역, 도축일령의 모두 고도의 유의성(p<0.01)이 인정되었다. 변수선택법을 이용한 모형적합도 검정에서는 출하체중, 도체중, 도체율, 배최장근단면적은 다섯 가지 환경효과를 선택하는 것이 최적이었고, 등지방두께와 근내지방도는 네 가지 환경효과를 고려하는 것이 최적이었지만, 다형질 분석으로 한 번에 분석을 하기 위해서는 다섯 가지 환경효과를 함께 고려하는 것이 적합하다고 사료된다. This study was conducted to study the environment effects on live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling score, which are the carcass traits of Hanwoo, based on the estimates and all the possible regression for the selection of variable and significance test for 231,382 heads that underwent the carcass measurements. The average and standard deviation for the live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling score were 654.79±91.61kg, 362.30±67.15kg, 59.52±0.03%, 81.79±12.21cm², 11.39±5.40mm, 4.38±2.29, respectively. The live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling score for cow were 532.79±78.38kg, 313.40±44.90kg, 56.50±0.03%, 75.24±10.69cm², 11.82±5.10mm, 4.30±2.06, respectively, while for bull were 619.74±93.27kg, 376.89±48.62kg, 58.61±0.02%, 85.61±10.46cm², 5.64±2.71mm, 1.41±0.83, respectively, and for steer were 681.78±70.72kg, 415.23±49.43kg, 60.19±0.02%, 88.29±10.27cm², 12.71±5.23mm, 5.42±1.99, respectively. In the environmental variables selection based on the variables selection method, the examination by carcass traits suggested that the most appropriate model could be determined when five variables were selected for the live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, and four variables for backfat thickness, and marbling score. When they were considered at a time altogether based on multiple traits, it was deemed to be desirable to insert all five variables into the variables for analysis. In addition, high significance was found by carcass traits.

한우 거세우 도체중 및 체형형질의 유전모수 추정에 관한 연구

구양모 ( Yang Mo Koo ),김정일 ( Jung Il Kim ),송치은 ( Chi Eun Song ),신재영 ( Jae Young Shin ),이재윤 ( Jae Youn Lee ),이종헌 ( Jong Heon Lee ),조병대 ( Byoung Dai Cho ),김병우 ( Byeong Woo Kim ),이정규 ( Jung Gyu Lee ) 한국동물자원과학회 2008 한국축산학회지 Vol.50 No.2

유전 및 육종 : 단형질 개체모형을 이용한 한우 육종가 추정프로그램 개발

구양모 ( Yang Mo Koo ),김정일 ( Jung Il Kim ),송치은 ( Chi Eun Song ),이기환 ( Ki Hwan Lee ),신재영 ( Jae Young Shin ),장현기 ( Hyun Gi Jang ),최태정 ( Tae Jeong Choi ),김시동 ( Di Dong Kim ),박병호 ( Byoung Ho Park ),조광현 ( Kwa 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2013 한국축산학회지 Vol.55 No.5

Estimate breeding value can be used as single trait animal model was developed directly using the Fortran language program. The program is based on data computed by using the indirect method repeatedly. The program develops a common algorithm and imprves efficiency. Algorithm efficiency was compared between the two programs. Estimated using the solution is easy to farm and brand the service, pedigree data base was associated with the development of an improved system. The existing program that uses the single trait animal model and the comparative analysis of efficiency is weak because the estimation of the solution and the conventional algorithm programmed through regular formulation involve many repetition; therefore, the newly developed algorithm was conducted to improve speed by reducing the repetition. Single trait animal model was used to analyze Gauss-Seidel iteration method, and the aforesaid two algorithms were compared thorough the mixed model equation which is used the most commonly in estimating the current breeding value by applying the procedures such as the preparation of information necessary for modelling, removal of duplicative data, verifying the parent information of based population in the pedigree data, and assigning sequential numbers, etc. The existing conventional algorithm is the method for reading and recording the data by utilizing the successive repetitive sentences, while new algorithm is the method for directly generating the left hand side for estimation based on effect. Two programs were developed to ensure the accurate evaluation. BLUPF90 and MTDFREML were compared using the estimated solution. In relation to the pearson and spearman correlation, the estimated breeding value correlation coefficients were highest among all traits over 99.5%. Depending on the breeding value of the high correlation in Model Ⅰ and Model Ⅱ, accurate evaluation can be found. The number of iteration to convergence was 2,568 in Model Ⅰ and 1,038 in Model Ⅱ. The speed of solving was 256.008 seconds in Model Ⅰ and 235.729 seconds in Model Ⅱ. Model Ⅱ had a speed of approximately 10% more than Model Ⅰ. Therefore, it is considered to be much more effective to analyze large data through the improved algorithm than the existing method. If the corresponding program is systemized and utilized for the consulting of farm and industrial services, it would make contribution to the early selection of individual, shorten the generation, and cultivation of superior groups, and help develop the Hanwoo industry further through the improvement of breeding value based enhancement, ultimately paving the way for the country to evolve into an advanced livestock country.

유전 및 육종 : 국내 듀록의 종돈장간의 교류현황과 유전능력평가에 미치는 효과

서재호 ( Jae Ho Seo ),신지섭 ( Ji Seob Shin ),노재광 ( Jae Kwang Noh ),송치은 ( Chi Eun Song ),도창희 ( Chang Hee Do ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2011 한국축산학회지 Vol.53 No.5

The study was carried to identify the impact on nation-wide genetic evaluation and to obtain basic materials for the development of strategies in Swine Improvement Network Project(SINP). Data consisted of pedigree records of 235,511 and performance records of 70,747 for Duroc from 1987 to 2010 were collected by Korea Animal Improvement Association. Performance traits included three point back fat thickness(Shoulder, Belly, Waist), loin area, days to 90 kg and average daily gain. Exchange of genetic resources cross the breeding farms was not high, and furthermore the sizable farms which can accommodate genetic evaluation within the farm were scarce. Three data sets(individual farm evaluation: I, two sub-group evaluation: S, and whole eight farm evaluation: P) were used for genetic analysis. Genetic variances were larger in subordinate farms than in joiners farms for connectedness, and consequently the heritabilities were generally higher in subordinate farms than in joiner farms with I. The standard errors of heritability were small in the order of I, S and P. Estimated average inbreeding coefficients were 1.12%, 0.95% and 1.53% for joiner and subordinate group with S and population with P, respectively. The estimated correlations of breeding values with I and P were lowest. The correlations of breeding values with I and P for traits ranged 0.22 to 0.45 for moved parent animals and 0.24 to 0.72 for all animals. The results in the study suggest that nation-wide evaluation uses more pedigree information and improves accuracy. Furthermore SINP for connectedness could help to improve the accuracy of evaluation.

유전 및 육종 : 반복모형을 이용한 한우 초음파 측정형질의 유전모수추정

김정일 ( Jung Il Kim ),김병우 ( Byung Woo Kim ),이정규 ( Jung Gyu Lee ),이기환 ( Ki Hwan Lee ),구양모 ( Yang Mo Koo ),송치은 ( Chi Eun Song ),이재윤 ( Jae Youn Lee ),선두원 ( Du Won Sun ),박철현 ( Cheol Hyeon Park ),정용호 ( Yeoun 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 2012 한국축산학회지 Vol.54 No.2

본 연구는 한우 암소 초음파 측정자료 특징을 알아보고, 측정형질에 대한 유전모수를 추정하여 육질 또는 육량 개량을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었으며, 2001년부터 2009년까지 한국종축개량협회에 의해 측정된 한우 암소 36,893두를 이용하였고, 그 중 반복기록이 있는 개체는 7,913두였다. 유전모수 추정을 위하여 반복개체모형을 이용하였으며, 유전모수추정에는 REMLF90(Miztal, 2001)을 이용하였다. 유전모수 추정 모형의 설정을 위하여 흉위, 영양도 및 초음파 측정치에 대한 출생년도, 출생계절, 측정년도, 측정계절, 측정지역, 측정연령 등의 환경효과를 추정하였다. 반복개체모형으로 추정된 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께 및 근내지방도에 대한 유전력이 각각 0.31, 0.38, 0.27로 나타났고, 다형질개체모형으로 추정한 유전력은 각각 0.02, 0.09, 0.07로 낮게 추정되었다. 반복개체모형을 이용한 반복력은 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께, 근내지방도가 각각 0.46, 0.57, 0.39로 나타났다. 분석모형 간의 추정치의 차이를 비교 할 때 반복모형에서의 유전력과 반복력이 높게 추정되었다. 따라서 반복형질 값을 가진 형질들의 측정치를 표준화하여 한우 암소개량을 위한 기초자료로 활용된다면 유전능력평가와 개량사업 비용절감에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. The present study data were obtained from 36,894 cows in Korea Animal Improvement Association from 2001 to 2009 which was subjected for ultrasound measurements(eye muscle area, back-fat thickness, marbling score) and descent. Repeated record models were carried out using 7,913 of 36,894 of total animal traits. The ultrasound measured traits and performance test data were used to study the chest girth, body condition score, eye muscle area, back-fat thickness and marbling score with genetic correlation and parameters for the ultrasound measured traits using REMLF90 program. Genetic correlation of eye muscle area with back-fat thickness, marbling score and back-fat thickness with marbling score were noticed in repeated records animal model as 0.69, 0.54, and 0.59, whereas in multiple trait animal model method were 0.07, 0.66, and 0.39, respectively. Repeated records of animal models were used as positive correlation of traits. Multiple trait animal models were used as negative correlation of eye muscle area with marbling score. The analysis on repeat records of animal models using ultrasound measurements about Korean cattle showed positive effects for each traits. In comparison differences between the repeat records of animal models and multiple trait animal models was found with higher traits of her, the heritability and repeatability was found higher in repeat records animal models. In light of these assessments, carcass traits by ultrasound measurements are expected to help and improve an accurate analysis of each trait and if the research analysis using repeat records of animal models continue when we estimate genetic ability of these traits.

PCR 기법을 이용한 축우의 β-lactoglobulin 및 κ-casein 유전자형 분석에 관한 연구

상병찬,류승희,이상훈,송치은,남명수,전병순 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1998 농업과학연구 Vol.25 No.2

This study was performed to offer the basic and applicable data for improvement of Korean cattle and dairy cattle, according to finding the genetic construction obtained from analysis of genetic polymorphisms of β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein loci related Korean cattle and Holstein cows using PCR-RFLP. Genomic DNA used in this study was prepared from the blood of 253 individuals of Korean cattle in Korean Native Cattle Improvement Center, NLCF, and the blood of 113 individuals of Holstein cows in National Livestock Research Institute. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. This study confirmed amplified products of 530bp and 262bp fragments obtained from the amplification of β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein loci in Korean cattle and Holstein breed by PCR. 2. The β-lactoglobulin AA genotype showed 153bp and 109bp fragments, and β-lactoglobulin AB genotype showed 153bp, 109bp, 79bp and 74bp fragments, and BB genotype showed 109bp, 79bp and 74bp fragments in amplified products of β-lactoglobulin loci with the restricted enzyme digestion of Hae III. 3. The κ-casein AA genotype showed a 530bp fragment, and κ-casein AB genotype showed 530bp, 344bp and 186bp fragments, and BB genotype showed 344bp and 186bp fragments in amplified products of κ-casein loci with the restricted enzyme digestion of Taa I. 4. On β-lactoglobulin genotypes and gene frequencies, Korean cattle were 6.72%, 26.09% and 67.19% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and β-lactoglobulin A and B alleles were 0.197 and 0.803, and Holstein were 35.40%, 56.64% and 7.96% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and β-lactoglobulin A and B alleles were 0.637 and 0.363, respectively. 5. On κ-casein genotypes and gene frequencies, Korean cattle were 46.25%, 39.13% and 14.62% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and κ-casein A and B alleles were 0.658 and 0.342, and Holstein were 60.18% and 38.94% and 0.88% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and κ-casein A and B alleles were 0.796 and 0.204, respectively. 6. As a consequence, the gene frequency was 0.197 and 0.803 for β-lactoglobulin A and B alleles, and 0.658 and 0.342 for κ-casein A and B alleles in Korea cattle, but was 0.637 and 0.363 for β-lactoglobulin A and B alleles, and 0.796 and 0.204 for κ-casein A and B alleles in Holstein, respectively.