The Arabidopsis Phytocystatin AtCYS5 Enhances Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Heat Stress Conditions

송치은,김태윤,정우식,임채오 한국분자세포생물학회 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.8

Phytocystatins (PhyCYSs) are plant-specific proteinaceous inhibitors that are implicated in protein turnover and stress responses. Here, we characterized a PhyCYS from Arabidopsis thaliana, which was designated AtCYS5. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of AtCYS5 in germinating seeds was induced by heat stress (HS) and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Analysis of the expression of the β-glucuronidase reporter gene under the control of the AtCYS5 promoter showed that AtCYS5 expression during seed germination was induced by HS and ABA. Constitutive overexpression of AtCYS5 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter led to enhanced HS tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, which was characterized by higher fresh weight and root length compared to wild-type (WT) and knockout (cys5) plants grown under HS conditions. The HS tolerance of AtCYS5-overexpressing transgenic plants was associated with increased insensitivity to exogenous ABA during both seed germination and post-germination compared to WT and cys5. Although no HS elements were identified in the 5’-flanking region of AtCYS5, canonical ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) were detected. AtCYS5 was upregulated in ABA-treated protoplasts transiently co-expressing this gene and genes encoding bZIP ABRE-binding factors (ABFs and AREB3). In the absence of ABA, ABF1 and ABF3 directly bound to the ABREs in the AtCYS5 promoter, which activated the transcription of this gene in the presence of ABA. These results suggest that an ABA-dependent pathway plays a positive role in the HS-responsive expression of AtCYS5 during seed germination and post-germination growth.

국내 홀스타인젖소의 선형심사에 대한 보정계수 개발

송치은,상병찬,도창희 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.1

젖소의 선형심사형질은 젖소의 생물학적 변이를 심사자의 직관에 의하여 변이의 정도에 따라 점수를 부여한다. 심사형질에 대한 정의에 의하여 연령과 비유기에 상관없이 변이의 정도를 수치화 하기 때문에 형질에 따라서 필연적으로 연령과 비유기의 영향을 받을 수밖에 없다. 본 연구에서는 연령과 비유기가 선형심사형질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 그를 보정하기 위한 보정계수를 추정하였다. 키 강건성, 체심, 엉덩이 너비, 뒷다리 옆모양과 앞유방 부착이 연령에 따라 증가 또는 감소하는 경향을 보이면서 크게 영향 받는 것으로 조사되었으며, 유용성, 뒷유방 높이, 뒷유방 너비와 정중제인대는 비유기에 따라 영향을 받았다. 유방깊이는 연령과 비유기 두 가지 요인 모두로부터 영향을 받았다. 추정된 보정 계수에 의한 각각의 보정계수를 적용한 결과 연령과 비유기에 영향 받는 모든 형질에서 분만년월, 심사자 등의 변이에는 작은 영향을 미치며, 보정하고자 하는 요인의 변이를 크게 줄여 보정효과가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 유방깊이는 연령과 비유기에 대한 보정계수를 동시에 적용한 결과 두 요인 모두에서 변이를 크게 줄였다. The environmental effects were studied to estimate age and lactation stage adjustment coefficients in the primary linear traits of Holstein dairy cattle in Korea. Calving year month, classifier, age-month at classification and lactation stage were the environmental factors which significantly affected the most of linear traits at the level of 0.01. F values of Stature, strength, body depth, thurl with and rear leg side view were relatively higher in the effects of age-month, and dairy form, rear udder height, rear udder width, and udder cleft had relatively higher F values in the effects of lactation stage. Udder depth were affected highly by both age-month and lactation stage. Through the least square means of traits and the interpolation and smoothing obtained by the regression analysis of log and exponential transformed adjustment coefficients, age-month and lactation stage coefficients were estimated, and applied to real data to check the variation in the age-month and lactation stage effects. The estimated mean squares showed that the variation in all the linear traits significantly were decreased for the adjusted factors without the significant changes of variation in calving year month and classifier. That udder depth adjusted for both the age-month and lactation stage resulted in the decreases of variation in the both effects.

연령에 따른 팩 구매요인 및 구매 방법에 관한 연구

송치은,임연실,전해정 한국웰니스학회 2019 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 연령에 따른 팩 구매요인 및 구매방법을 알아 보기 위함이다. 연구의 대상자는 서울, 수도권에 거주하는 20대∼50대 여성들이며 2018년 4월 11일부터 5월 4일까지 진행하였고, 설문지와 모바일을 통하여 총 397부를 회수하여 설문조사하였다. 자료 분석으로는 빈도분석과, 카이스케어 검정, 일원변량분석으로 통계 처리하였고 실증분석은 SPSSWIN 21.프로그램으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과로는 팩 인식은 40대, 20대, 30대 순으로 인식이 높았고, 연령에 따른 팩 구매의 요인은 모든 연령별로 유의미하게 차이가 있었다. 또한 연령에 따른 본인이 선호하는 팩의 제형 타입으로 20대, 30대, 40대 이상 모든 연령에서 ‘시트 타입’이 가장 높게 나타났으며 팩 사용목적은 20대와 30대, 40대 이상 모두 ‘피부개선’에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 연령에 따른 팩 인식과 구매요인에 따른 팩의 제품개발을 해야 하다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors and methods of purchasing packs according to age. The subjects of the study were women in their 20s and 50s living in Seoul, the capital area, which lasted from April 11 to May 4, 2018. This study was conducted by retrieving a total of 397 copies through questionnaire and mobile using the survey method. The data analysis was statistically analyzed by frequency analysis department, Chi-square test and one-way variation analysis, and the empirical analysis was analyzed by SPSSWIN 21.0 program. This study was conducted by retrieving a total of 397 copies through questionnaire and mobile using the survey method. As a result of this study, the recognition of pack recognition was high in the order of people in their 40s, 20s and 30s, and the factors of purchasing pack with age varied significantly across all ages. In addition, 'seat type' was the highest among all ages, as the type of pack preferred by age, while 'skin improvement' was the highest among those in their 20s, 30s and 40s and older. These results are meaningful in that they presented product development based on research on how to apply packs based on age-based recognition of packs and the results of purchasing factors.

Overexpression of Heat Shock Factor Gene HsfA3 Increases Galactinol Levels and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Chae-OhLim,송치은,Woo Sik Chung 한국분자세포생물학회 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.6

Heat shock factors (Hsfs) are central regulators of abiotic stress responses, especially heat stress responses, in plants. In the current study, we characterized the activity of the Hsf gene HsfA3 in Arabidopsis under oxidative stress conditions. HsfA3 transcription in seedlings was induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and an endogenous H2O2 propagator, 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB). HsfA3-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited increased oxidative stress tolerance compared to untransformed wild-type plants (WT), as revealed by changes in fresh weight, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion leakage under light conditions. The expression of several genes encoding galactinol synthase (GolS), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), which function as antioxidants in plant cells, was induced in HsfA3 overexpressors. In addition, galactinol levels were higher in HsfA3 overexpressors than in WT under unstressed conditions. In transient transactivation assays using Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts, HsfA3 activated the transcription of a reporter gene driven by the GolS1 or GolS2 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that GolS1 and GolS2 are directly regulated by HsfA3. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that GolS1 and GolS2 are directly regulated by HsfA3 and that GolS enzymes play an important role in improving oxidative stress tolerance by increasing galactinol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

Kinesin family member KIF18A is a critical cellular factor that regulates the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells

김세영,조용빈,송치은,윤성일,서영진 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.1

Background KIF18A is a kinesin family member that is involved in various cellular processes including cell division, cell transformation, and carcinogenesis. However, its possible role in the regulation of host immunity has not been examined. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the functional role of KIF18A in the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) that are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells. Methods A bioinformatic analysis of the KIF18A gene family was performed to understand its sequence variability and evolutionary history. To inhibit KIF18A activity, a highly specific small molecule inhibitor for KIF18A, BTB-1 was used. DCs were differentiated from mouse bone marrow (BM) cells from 6 to 7 week old C57BL/6 mice with recombinant granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Expression of KIF18A was measured by Western blotting. The surface expression of differentiation and activation markers on DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the KIF18A gene family is remarkably conserved across vertebrates. Interestingly, the expression of KIF18A was increased as BM precursor cells differentiated into DCs. BTB-1 treatment strongly inhibited the differentiation of BM cells into DCs in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment of immature DCs with BTB-1 significantly impaired the expression of activation markers on DCs including MHC class I, CD80, and CD86 upon TLR4 or TLR7 treatment. Conclusion Our results reveal that KIF18A is a critical DC differentiation and activation regulator. Therefore, KIF18A could be a potential therapeutic target for immune-mediated disorders.

의료기관 간호사에 대한 수혈관련 교육 시행 효과 분석

임진숙,최새롬,송치은,박유미,임영애,김준년,권계철 대한수혈학회 2020 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

Background: Nurses play a central role in the process of blood transfusion because they have the closest interactions with patients. Providing nurses with the appropriate knowledge and competency through education can help ensure transfusion safety. This study investigated the effectiveness of the first nationwide transfusion-related education for nurses by analyzing questionnaires for a self-assessment of competency on transfusion-related knowledge before and after the education and general evaluation for the educational program. Methods: The education program was composed of four lectures and was conducted in seven regions in South Korea. One hundred and ninety-two nurses participated, and the questionnaires for 170 nurses were analyzed. Results: The participants consisted of 90 nurses (53.0%) from tertiary hospitals, 23 (13.5%) from general hospitals, and 57 (33.5%) from other hospitals. The majority of the participants (103/170, 60.6%) were from hospitals with ≥500 beds, and 69.4% had a work period of ≥10 years. The scores for pre-/post-education self-assessment of competency were as follows: blood components, 3.03/3.73; pretransfusion testing, 2.86/3.64; management of transfusion, 3.18/3.84; and transfusion reactions, 3.11/3.78. In all categories, there was a significant increase in the score after the education program. The majority of participants (99.4%) provided a positive response regarding the necessity of a transfusion-related education program. Conclusion: South Korea’s first attempt at transfusion-related education for nurses showed a strong positive effect by improving participants’ transfusion-related competency. Considering the important role of nurses in blood transfusion, the educational program should continue and be expanded in the future. (Korean J Blood Transfus 2020;31:222-229)

Biochemical analysis of a Chinese cabbage phytocystatin-1

홍준기,제지현,송치은,황정은,이연희,임채오 한국유전학회 2012 Genes & Genomics Vol.34 No.1

The phytocystatins are inhibitors of papain-like cysteine proteinases that are implicated in defense mechanisms and the regulation of protein turnover. BCPI-1, a Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage) phytocystatin isolated from flower buds,contains an extended C-terminal region that contains a single Cys residue at position 102. In an effort to investigate the role of the C-terminus and this Cys residue in BCPI-1 activity,purified recombinant proteins of BCPI-1, including wild-type BCPI-1 (wtBCPI-1), N-terminus BCPI-1 (BCPI-1ΔC), C-terminus BCPI-1 (BCPI-1ΔN), and BCPI-1 with a single Cys residue exchange to Ser (BCPI-1C102S), were generated and their inhibitory activities against papain were investigated. Kinetic analysis revealed that the monomeric forms of wtBCPI-1 (Ki = 6.84 ± 0.3 × 10-8 M) inhibited papain more efficiently than the dimeric forms of wtBCPI-1 (Ki = 1.01 ±0.5 × 10-7 M). Experiments with recombinant BCPI-1C102S demonstrated that the dimerization of wtBCPI-1 caused by the formation of an intermolecular disulfide bond at the cysteine residue. The inhibitory activity of the recombinant proteins,except BCPI-1ΔN, was reduced in the pH range of 7.0-11.5and was highly stable over a wide range of temperatures. Thus,dimerization mediated by the cysteine residue in the extended C-terminal region and alkaline conditions reduced the inhibitory activity of BCPI-1.

정중 흉골 절개술을 이용한 심장수술 후 환자의 체위변경과 흉골 합병증 발생과의 관계

강영애,배수진,송치은,Kang, Young Ae,Bae, Su Jin,Song, Chie Eun 한국중환자간호학회 2016 중환자간호학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between lateral position change and sternal complications after cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive case-control study, involving 241 patients who underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. Data from October 2011 to September 2014 were collected. Results: Sternal complications (i.e. dehiscence, sternal instability, mediastinitis) developed in 33 patients (13.7%). Primary symptoms of complications were discharge and erythema, and the mean time difference from surgery to appearance of symptoms was 15 days (range, 1-138 days). The factors associated with sternal complications were cancer comorbidity (${\chi}^2=5.22$, p=.039), internal mammary artery procedure (${\chi}^2=4.16$, p=.041), and duration of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (p=.033). Position change was not related to incidence of sternal complications (${\chi}^2=0.14$, p=.704). Pressure ulcers appeared in 63 patients (26.1%). Mean time difference from surgery until occurrence of ulcers was 6.7 hours (range, 0-323.0 hours), but position change was started from 132.4 hours (range, 27.1-503.2 hours) after intensive care unit admission. Conclusions: These results provide baseline data to create a standard position change and activity protocol for patients after median sternotomy. Furthermore, the study could help clinical practitioners establish evidence-based nursing practices.

PCR 기법을 이용한 축우의 β-lactoglobulin 및 κ-casein 유전자형 분석에 관한 연구

상병찬,류승희,이상훈,송치은,남명수,전병순 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1998 농업과학연구 Vol.25 No.2

This study was performed to offer the basic and applicable data for improvement of Korean cattle and dairy cattle, according to finding the genetic construction obtained from analysis of genetic polymorphisms of β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein loci related Korean cattle and Holstein cows using PCR-RFLP. Genomic DNA used in this study was prepared from the blood of 253 individuals of Korean cattle in Korean Native Cattle Improvement Center, NLCF, and the blood of 113 individuals of Holstein cows in National Livestock Research Institute. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. This study confirmed amplified products of 530bp and 262bp fragments obtained from the amplification of β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein loci in Korean cattle and Holstein breed by PCR. 2. The β-lactoglobulin AA genotype showed 153bp and 109bp fragments, and β-lactoglobulin AB genotype showed 153bp, 109bp, 79bp and 74bp fragments, and BB genotype showed 109bp, 79bp and 74bp fragments in amplified products of β-lactoglobulin loci with the restricted enzyme digestion of Hae III. 3. The κ-casein AA genotype showed a 530bp fragment, and κ-casein AB genotype showed 530bp, 344bp and 186bp fragments, and BB genotype showed 344bp and 186bp fragments in amplified products of κ-casein loci with the restricted enzyme digestion of Taa I. 4. On β-lactoglobulin genotypes and gene frequencies, Korean cattle were 6.72%, 26.09% and 67.19% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and β-lactoglobulin A and B alleles were 0.197 and 0.803, and Holstein were 35.40%, 56.64% and 7.96% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and β-lactoglobulin A and B alleles were 0.637 and 0.363, respectively. 5. On κ-casein genotypes and gene frequencies, Korean cattle were 46.25%, 39.13% and 14.62% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and κ-casein A and B alleles were 0.658 and 0.342, and Holstein were 60.18% and 38.94% and 0.88% for AA, AB and BB genotypes, and κ-casein A and B alleles were 0.796 and 0.204, respectively. 6. As a consequence, the gene frequency was 0.197 and 0.803 for β-lactoglobulin A and B alleles, and 0.658 and 0.342 for κ-casein A and B alleles in Korea cattle, but was 0.637 and 0.363 for β-lactoglobulin A and B alleles, and 0.796 and 0.204 for κ-casein A and B alleles in Holstein, respectively.

돼지 다리건강에 대한 유전모수 추정

김영신(Young Sin Kim),송치은(Chi Eun Song),사수진(Soo Jin Sa),조은석(Eun Seok Cho),홍준기(Joon Ki Hong) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.11

본 연구의 목적은 국내 돼지의 다리건강에 대한 유전적 특성을 구명하고 종돈장에서 활용 가능한 형질을 발굴하는 것이다. 검정이 완료된 총 41,918 두(요크셔 29,980 두, 랜드레이스 11,938 두)를 활용하였으며 전체 공시축 중에 요크셔 2,515 두, 랜드레이스 703 두로 총 3,218 두의 개체에 대해 다리형태 외모를 조사하였다. 90kg도달일령(일), 등지방두께(mm), 기립자세(점), 무릎관절(점), 발목(점), 발톱(점) 및 종합외모(점)의 총 7개 형질에 대해 선형-임계(linear-threshold) 모델로 형질별 유전력과 형질 간의 유전상관을 추정하였다. 90kg도달일령(일), 등지방두께(mm) 및 무릎관절은 중도의 유전력(0.2-0.5)으로 추정되었으며, 나머지 형질은 저도의 유전력(0.2 미만)으로 추정되었다. 유전상관에서 종합외모와 발목의 유전상관이 0.89±0.04로 가장 높았다. 다리형태 형질에서 기립자세, 무릎관절 및 발목은 사이의 유전상관은 양의 상관(0.29-0.40)으로 서로 유기적인 관계를 형성하였다. 다리형태 형질 중 무릎관절과 발목 형질의 유전력은 각각 0.23과 0.14로 다른형질보다 더 높은 개량 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 또한 이 두 형질은 유전상관에서 다른 생산성 형질과 상충성이 낮거나 중립적인 장점이 있었다. 따라서 돼지의 다리건강 개선을 위해 무릎관절과 발목의 외모가 국내개량에서 주요한 지표가 될 수 있다고 사료된다. This study was undertaken to identify genetic parameters of leg health in pigs. We estimated the heritability and genetic correlations of several performance traits: day of 90 kg (DAY), backfat thickness (BF), standing posture (SP), knee joint (KJ), pastern (PT), claw (CL), and leg overall. The phenotypic records of test performances (DAY and BF) and leg conformations (the other traits) of 41,918 and 3,218 pigs, respectively, were evaluated. Heritability (h<SUP>2</SUP>) was moderately correlated (h<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.2-0.5) with DAY, BF, and KJ, but poorly correlated (h<SUP>2</SUP> < 0.2) with SP, PT, CL, and leg overall. As regards genetic correlations, PT was strongly and positively correlated (0.89±0.04) with leg overall, and SP, KJ, and PT were significantly correlated (0.29-0.40) with each other. KJ and PT had higher heritabilities than other leg conformation traits and these traits were weakly associated with test performance (DAY and BF). The present study shows KJ and PT are more correlated with leg health than other growth traits. The findings of this study can be used to elucidate the genetic architecture of leg conformation and help improve leg health in pigs.