Empirical Investigation of Channel Encroachment by Franchise Retail Brand

서교원,김준범 한국소비자학회 2022 한국소비자학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.5

프랜차이즈 신규 가맹점 출점으로 인한 시장 자기 잠식 효과와 입지로 인한 조절 효과

서교원(Kyowon Seo),고사랑(Sarang Go) 한국유통학회 2023 流通硏究 Vol.28 No.3

7-Ketocholesterol에 의한 Akt 감소와 혈관평활근세포의 세포자멸사

서교원(Kyo Won Seo),김치대(Chi Dae Kim),이원석(Won Suk Lee) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

혈관평활근세포의 세포자멸사는 죽상경화증을 비롯한 여러 혈관질환에서 일어나며, 죽상판의 불안정화에 중요한 역할을 한다. Oxysterol은 혈관평활근세포의 세포자멸사를 야기하는데, 죽상경화 병변에는 비효소적으로 생성되는 주된 oxysterol인 7-ketocholesterol (7KC)이 대량 존재한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 7KC에 의한 혈관평활근세포의 세포자멸사에 관하여 밝혀진 자세한 기전은 아직 미흡하다. 본 연구는 7KC가 혈관평활근세포의 세포자멸사를 일으키는 기전을 구명하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 숫쥐의 대동맥 절편으로부터 배양한 혈관평활근세포에 7KC를 처리하여 혈관평활근세포의 생존력의 변동과 세포자멸사를 각각 methylthiazole tetrazolium bromide 분석법 및 trypan blue 분석법 그리고 유세포 분석법, 면역 형광 측정법, 면역침전법 및 웨스턴블럿 등으로 측정하였다. 7KC는 혈관평활근세포의 생존력을 시간- 및 농도-의존적으로 감소시켰고, 혈관평활근세포내에 지질과산화 최종산물인 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) 생성을 증가시켰으며, HNE 단독 처리 또한 혈관평활근세포의 생존력을 농도-의존적으로 감소시켰다. 7KC 또는 HNE에 의하여 감소되었던 혈관평활근세포의 생존력은 HNE 생성 억제제인 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine 전처치에 의하여 회복되었다. 더욱이 세포생존 매개인자로 잘 알려져 있는 Akt의 발현이 7KC와 HNE에 의하여 농도-의존적으로 감소되었고, 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine 또는 N-acetylcysteine 전처치에 의하여 회복되었다. 단백질분해효소복합체 억제제인 lactacystin은 7KC에 의한 세포자멸사와 Akt 감소는 억제하였지만 7KC에 의한 HNE 생성은 억제하지 못하였다. HNE에 결합된 Akt의 양은 7KC와 HNE에 의하여 현저히 증가하였으며 단백질분해효소복합체 억제제인 lactacystin 전처치 시에도 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 죽상경화 병변에서 7KC는 혈관평활근세포내 HNE 생성을 증가시키고, 이 HNE에 결합된 Akt는 단백질분해효소복합체에 의하여 분해되는 것으로 보이며, 이와 같은 기전에 의하여 죽상판의 불안정화가 촉진되는 것으로 생각된다. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis has been identified in various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty, and has been known to precipitate atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture. Oxysterols are known as inducers of apoptosis in VSMC, and 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) is the major nonenzymically formed oxysterol in atherosclerotic lesions. The precise mechanism underlying VSMC apoptosis is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether 7KC causes apoptosis, and characterized its apoptotic mechanisms in primary cultured rat aortic VSMC. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and trypan blue assay. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analyses. 7KC markedly decreased the VSMC viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and increased the production of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major end-product of lipid peroxidation, which also decreased the VSMC viability. Pretreatment with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, a well-known reagent of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes, significantly restored the 7KC-decreased viability of VSMC. Furthermore, HNE, as well as 7KC, reduced the level of total Akt, a major mediator of cell survival. The 7KC-decreased level of total Akt was significantly restored by pretreatments with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and N-acetylcysteine. Lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor, protected VSMC against apoptosis and Akt degradation, but did not inhibit HNE production. In the immunoprecipitation assay, 7KC increased HNE-modified Akt. From the results, it seems that, in atherosclerotic lesions, 7KC induces HNE production in VSMC, and this HNE binds to Akt, proceeding to proteasomal degradation of Akt, through which mechanism the atherosclerotic plaque instability may be facilitated.

직무 만족-불만족에 대한 결정요인으로서 인지된 혁신성 수준의 역할에 대한 연구 : 텍스트 마이닝 기법의 활용

장호준,서교원,김종대,한윤지,송승연,박기완 서비스마케팅학회 2022 서비스마케팅저널 Vol.15 No.1

The present research aims to identify factors affecting employees’ job satisfaction in the financial industry, as domestic credit card issuing companies require innovative job performance, mainly due to rapid changes in digital payment systems. Focusing on the perceived innovativeness, we examine whether consumers’ expectations about the factors determining job (dis)satisfaction vary depending on the external corporate image. To do so, we collect data by web-crawling texts from a job review site, Jobplanet. Among various machine learning techniques, frequency analysis, hierarchical clustering, and regression analysis are used to derive insight into internal marketing. The results show that employees expect high relational (vs. transactional) compensation for companies with high (vs. low) innovative brand images. When such expectations are not fulfilled adequately, employees experience job dissatisfaction. The present study indicates that the importance of job satisfaction factors depends on the firm’s brand image, which is critical to the related literature. And our results can contribute to managers and marketers in the industry who design the internal marketing strategy to improve job satisfaction. 본 연구는 신속한 결제수단의 변화로 인해 경영 혁신이 요구되는 국내 카드 발행 기업을 중심으로 금융기업 내 직원 만족도에영향을 주는 요인을 파악한다. 구체적으로 브랜드가 가진 혁신성 이미지에 따라 내부 직원의 직무 만족-불만족 요인이 어떻게달라지는지를 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 기업평가 사이트 웹 크롤링(web crawling)을 통해 잡플래닛(Jobplanet)에게시된 내부직원들의 텍스트 평가 자료를 수집하고, 텍스트 마이닝을 이용한 빈도 분석, 계층적 군집 분석, 그리고 회귀 분석을시행하였다. 연구 결과, 보수적 이미지의 기업에 비해 혁신적 이미지를 가진 기업의 직원들은 관계적 보상과 거래적 보상 중전자에 대한 기대가 상대적으로 높았으며, 이러한 기대의 차이가 기업 평가에 유의미한 영향을 준다는 점을 확인하였다. 즉, 직원들은 기업의 인지된 혁신성 수준에 따라 기대하는 보상이 충족될 때 직무 만족도가 높았던 반면, 충족되지 않을 경우 직무불만족이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 기업이 가진 브랜드 이미지에 따라 직무 만족도 결정 요인의 중요도가 달라질수 있다는 사실을 규명하고, 이를 텍스트 마이닝 기법으로 도출하였다는 점에서 직무 만족도를 향상시키기 위한 내부 마케팅문헌에 기여하였다. 또한, 내부 마케팅을 효과적으로 디자인하기 위한 기업 실무자들에게도 유용한 시사점을 제공하였다.

LPS Increases 5-LO Expression on Monocytes via an Activation of Akt-Sp1/NF-κB Pathways

이승진,서교원,김치대 대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.3

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) plays a pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in 5-LO expression on monocytes induced by LPS. Stimulation of THP-1 monocytes with LPS (0∼3 μg/ml) increased 5-LO promoter activity and 5-LO protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. LPS-induced 5-LO expression was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of the Akt pathway, but not by inhibitors of MAPK pathways including the ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways. In line with these results, LPS increased the phosphorylation of Akt, suggesting a role for the Akt pathway in LPS-induced 5-LO expression. In a promoter activity assay conducted to identify transcription factors, both Sp1 and NF-κB were found to play central roles in 5-LO expression in LPS-treated monocytes. The LPS-enhanced activities of Sp1 and NF-κB were attenuated by an Akt inhibitor. Moreover, the LPS-enhanced phosphorylation of Akt was significantly attenuated in cells pretreated with an anti-TLR4 antibody. Taken together, 5-LO expression in LPS-stimulated monocytes is regulated at the transcriptional level via TLR4/Akt-mediated activations of Sp1 and NF-κB pathways in monocytes.

중국 소비자의 향수 추구 성향이 한국 레트로 공간에 대한 태도 및 방문의도에 미치는 영향: 지각된 불안감과 심리적 거리감을 중심으로

고영흔,서교원,정보희 한국경영컨설팅학회 2024 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.24 No.1

노스텔지어 혹은 향수는 일반적으로 과거를 그리워하는 감정으로 마케팅적인 시각에서는 소비자의 태도에 영향을 미치고 구매 행동을 촉발하는 감정으로 활용된다. 기업들은 경쟁이 치열한 현대 시장에서 살아남기 위해 마케팅 전략의 일환으로 노스텔지어 요소를 활용하기 시작했으며, 코로나19 팬데믹과 지속적인 경제 침체를 겪으면서 소비자들에게 레트로를 이용하여 소구하는 트렌드가 전 세계적으로 확산되고 있다. 특정 세대, 특정 지역을 대상으로 한 노스텔지어 마케팅에서 이제는 다양한 세대에 걸쳐 전 세계적으로 활용되고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 향수를 활용한 마케팅 전략이 특정 문화를 경험하지 않은 소비자들에게도 여전히 유효한지 살펴보았다. 즉, 한국 문화를 직접 경험하지 못한 중국 소비자들에게 한국 레트로 콘텐츠의 노출이 그들의 태도, 제품 구매, 방문 의도에 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, i) 향수 추구 성향을 가지고 있는 중국 소비자들은 한국의 레트로 공간에 대해서도 긍정적인 태도를 가지고 있음을, ii) 이러한 긍정적인 효과는 지각된 불안감과 한국에 대한 심리적 거리감에 의해 조절됨을, iii) 그리고 소비자의 공간 및 장소에 대한 태도가 방문의도에 영향을 미치고 있음을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 다음의 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 첫째, 본 연구에서는 노스텔지어가 문화권에 국한되지 않고 공유 가능하며, 긍정적인 효과를 가져올 수 있음을 확인하였다. 둘째, 본 연구는 장소 및 공간에 대한 긍정적 태도가 실제 방문의도에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있음을 실증하여 태도-행동 간 관계를 공간을 대상으로 한 연구에서도 적용시켜 보여주었다. 마지막으로, 한국 레트로 콘텐츠의 중국 시장 진출 및 관광객 유치를 위한 전략적 시사점을 제공하고 있고, 콘텐츠 제작 단계에서부터 관광자원의 개발과 마케팅 연계 전략을 수립해야 함을 시사한다. Recent international entrepreneurship research seems to suggest that an early international commitment can contribute to develop competitive advantage. This paper focuses on how international new ventures acquire market knowledge from foreign markets and develop sustainable competitive advantages. To achieve the aim of this study, 4 different hypothesis have been developed and tested. The PLS-based structural model analysis of 157 Korean international new ventures shows that early international commitment effects the competitive advantage of foreign markets and market orientation as moderated variables influences relationship between international commitment and competitive advantage of foreign markets. The key research finding implies that early international commitment can be a key factor of managing internationalizing SMEs, since it improve the development of market orientation.

Cilostazol Attenuates 4-hydroxynonenal-enhanced CD36 Expression on Murine Macrophages via Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-derived Reactive Oxygen Species Production

윤미란,박혜미,서교원,김채은,윤정욱,김치대 대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.2

Although anti-atherogenic effects of cilostazol have been suggested, its effects on the expression of SR in macrophages are unclear. This study investigated the role of cilostazol on CD36 expression of murine macrophages enhanced by HNE, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. The stimulation of macrophages with HNE led to an increased expression of CD36, which was significantly attenuated by NAC, an antioxidant. Moreover, the increased production of ROS by HNE was completely abolished by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, DPI and apocynin, as well as by the 5-LO inhibitor, MK886, but not by inhibitors for other oxidases. This suggested that NADPH-oxidase and 5-LO were major sources of ROS induced by HNE. In addition, HNE-enhanced expression of CD36 was reduced by these inhibitors, which indicated a role for NADPH oxidase and 5-LO on CD36 expression. In our present study, cilostazol was a significant inhibitor of ROS production, as well as CD36 expression induced by HNE. An increase in NADPH oxidase activity by HNE was significantly attenuated by cilostazol, however cilostazol had no effect on HNE-enhanced 5-LO activity. Together, these results suggest that cilostazol attenuates HNE-enhanced CD36 expression on murine macrophages thorough inhibition of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation.

LSC 진행자와의 상호작용성과 플로우가 구매 의도에 미치는 영향: 코로나 불안의 조절된 매개효과를 중심으로

손진 ( Zhen Sun ),서교원 ( Kyowon Seo ),정보희 ( Bohee Jung ) 한국유통경영학회 2023 유통경영학회지 Vol.26 No.6

Purpose: This study explores factors influencing the Live Streaming Commerce (LSC) market, focusing on the expanding landscape of social network service platforms. We investigate how host characteristics on TikTok, a Chinese social network service, affect viewer interactivity, flow, and purchase intentions. Additionally, we examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rapid growth of the SNS-based LSC market. Research design, data, and methodology: Exclusively targeting Chinese consumers with TikTok experience, an online survey was conducted using the WenJuanXing survey program in China from July 27 to September 16, 2023. After a frequency analysis to assess sample characteristics, reliability was confirmed through Cronbach’s α coefficient. Substantive hypothesis testing involved the application of Hayes’ (2013) PROCESS macro models 4 and 7 to identify the mediating effect of flow and examine the moderated mediating effect of COVID-19. Results: In the case of live streaming commerce based on social network service platforms, it was confirmed that the interactivity with hosts significantly influences consumers’ flow and purchase intentions. In addition, flow exerts a positive influence on purchase intentions. We additionally confirm how the interactivity with LSC hosts influences consumer purchase intentions by validating the mediating effect of flow. Finally, we confirm that the greater the anxiety related to COVID-19, the more the mediating effect of flow is expected to increase. Implications: Our findings recommend that companies aiming for sales increase through LSC should prioritize enhancing interactivity between hosts and consumers. This research extends existing literature by uncovering the underlying mechanisms through which LSC characteristics affect purchase intentions. Our empirical investigation also verifies the impact of COVID-19 on society from the perspective of LSC.

Voluntary stand-up physical activity enhances endurance exercise capacity in rats

서대윤,이성률,곽효범,서교원,Robin A McGregor,여지영,고태희,Saranhuu Bolorerdene,김나리,고경수,이병두,한진 대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.3

Involuntary physical activity induced by the avoidance of electrical shock leads to improved endurance exercise capacity in animals. However, it remains unknown whether voluntary stand-up physical activity (SPA) without forced simulating factors improves endurance exercise capacity in animals. We examined the eff ects of SPA on body weight, cardiac function, and endurance exercise capacity for 12 weeks. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 8 weeks, n=6 per group) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or a voluntary SPA group. The rats were induced to perform voluntary SPA (lifting a load equal to their body weight), while the food height (18.0 cm) in cages was increased progressively by 3.5 every 4 weeks until it reached 28.5 cm for 12 weeks. The SPA group showed a lower body weight compared to the CON group, but voluntary SPA did not affect the skeletal muscle and heart weights, food intake, and echocardiography results. Although the SPA group showed higher grip strength, running time, and distance compared to the CON group, the level of irisin, corticosterone, genetic expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, and nuclei numbers were not affected. These findings show that voluntary SPA without any forced stimuli in rats can eff ectively reduce body weight and enhance endurance exercise capacity, suggesting that it may be an important alternative strategy to enhance endurance exercise capacity.

PRICING STRATEGY BASED ON DEGREE OF UNCERTAINTY AND CONSUMER TYPES

Sarang Go(고사랑),Kyowon Seo(서교원),Byungdo Kim(김병도) 대한경영학회 2018 대한경영학회 학술발표대회 발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.1