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펄스 레이저 증착법으로 제작한 Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> 박막의 구조 특성 변화에 대한 증착 시간 효과
변미랑,배종성,홍태은,정의덕,김신호,김양도,Byeon, Mirang,Bae, Jong-Seong,Hong, Tae-Eun,Jeong, Euh-Duck,Kim, Shinho,Kim, Yangdo 한국재료학회 2013 한국재료학회지 Vol.23 No.1
The $Cu_2ZnSnS_4$ (CZTS) thin film solar cell is a candidate next generation thin film solar cell. For the application of an absorption layer in solar cells, CZTS thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at substrate temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ without post annealing process. Deposition time was carefully adjusted as the main experimental variable. Regardless of deposition time, single phase CZTS thin films are obtained with no existence of secondary phases. Irregularly-shaped grains are densely formed on the surface of CZTS thin films. With increasing deposition time, the grain size increases and the thickness of the CZTS thin films increases from 0.16 to $1{\mu}m$. The variation of the surface morphology and thickness of the CZTS thin films depends on the deposition time. The stoichiometry of all CZTS thin films shows a Cu-rich and S-poor state. Sn content gradually increases as deposition time increases. Secondary ion mass spectrometry was carried out to evaluate the elemental depth distribution in CZTS thin films. The optimal deposition time to grow CZTS thin films is 150 min. In this study, we show the effect of deposition time on the structural properties of CZTS thin film deposited on soda lime glass (SLG) substrate using PLD. We present a comprehensive evaluation of CZTS thin films.
변미순(Mi Soon Byun),이승현(Seung Hyun Lee),김규원(Kiu Weon Kim) 한국원예학회 2009 원예과학기술지 Vol.27 No.1
황토와 숯을 이용하여 친환경적인 절화보존제를 개발하기 위해 본 실험을 수행하였다. 식물재료는 금어초 ‘Fujinoyuki’, 장미 ‘Red Corvette’, 그리고 카네이션 ‘Reina’의 절화를 사용하였다. 황토는 5, 10, 15, 그리고 20%, 숯은 1, 3, 5, 그리고 10% 농도의 용액을 만든 뒤 1시간 교반 한 후 여과지로 걸러서 절화보존용액으로 사용하였다. 절화수명 실험의 환경조건은 온도 22±2℃, 상대습도 50±10%, 그리고 광도 13.5μ㏖·m<SUP>-2</SUP>·S<SUP>-1</SUP> PAR로 하였다. 보존용액에 황토와 숯을 첨가함으로써 3종 모두 대조구보다 절화의 수명이 크게 연장되었는데, 특히 금어초와 카네이션의 절화수명은 2배 정도 연장되었다. 금어초는 황토 15%구와 숯 1%구에서, 장미는 황토 15%구와 숯 10%구에서, 카네이션은 황토 10%구와 숯 3%구에서 가장 효과적이었다. 수분흡수량, 화폭 그리고 소화의 수는 절화의 수명이 길어질수록 비례하여 증가하였다. 황토 15% 또는 숯 5%가 첨가된 배지에서는 균의 증식이 거의 일어나지 않았다. This experiment conducted in order to develop environment-friendly floral preservatives using loess and charcoal. Cut flowers of Antirrhinum majus ‘Fujinoyuki’, Rosa hybrida ‘Red Corvette’, and Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Reina’ were used as plant materials. Solutions at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% loess and 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% charcoal with stirring for an hour and leaching by using filter papers were used as holding solution. The experiment conditions were 22±2℃ in temperature, 50±10% in relative humidity, and 13.5 μ㏖·m<SUP>-2</SUP>·S<SUP>-1</SUP> PAR in light intensity. By adding loess and charcoal into preservatives, the longevity of cut flowers was lengthened more than that of control. A solution of 15% loess and 1% charcoal in snapdragon, 15% loess and 10% charcoal in rose, and 10% loess and 3% charcoal in carnation were the most effective. Vase life in the cut flowers of snapdragon and carnation were prolonged by about two-fold. Amount of water uptake, the flower diameter, and the number of florets were increased in proportion with longer vase life of cut flowers. In order to observe the proliferation rate of bacteria in holding solution, cut flowers were incubated with or without 15% loess and 5% charcoal for a week. While the proliferation of bacteria was increased sharply in control, cut flowers added with loess and charcoal were scarcely changed.
변미순,김순자,김규원 한국화훼산업육성협회 2008 화훼연구 Vol.16 No.1
장미의 대표적인 화색인 적색 ‘Red Corvette’, 분홍 색 ‘Nobless’, 황색 ‘Golden Metal’ 및 백색 ‘Rose Yumi’ 꽃을 재료로 건조방법에 따른 화색의 변화를 조사하고, 4주 및 8주간의 광처리(2,000lux, 16시간, 형광조명) 뒤의 화색 변화를 조사하였다. 모든 종류에 서 실리카겔 매트로 압화 하는 처리구가 압화 당시와 광처리 후 화색변화가 가장 적었고, 전기압화기의 사용 으로 꽃잎은 갈변화가 촉진되었다. 장미 적색은 한국산 시트지, 분홍색과 황색은 한국산 전기압화기, 장미 백 색은 일본산 전기압화기 처리구가 화색의 변화가 가장 심하였다. 압화 당시 화색의 변화가 가장 컸던 것은 적색 장미였고, 그 다음이 분홍색, 황색, 백색 순이었 다. 광처리에 의한 화색 변화정도가 가장 심했던 것은 황색 품종이었고, 다른 3종류는 다소 안정적이었다. Typical rose flowers, ‘Red Corvette (red)’, ‘Nobless (pink)’, ‘Golden Metal (yellow)’, and ‘Rose Yumi (white)’, were used as experimental materials to examine flower color changes as affected by pressing method and light treatment for four weeks and eight weeks by 2,000 lux fluorescent light at a 16 hours daylength. Pressing materials in silicagel mat resulted in the least change after pressing and light treatment for all kinds. On the contrary, an electric pressing device caused color to change to brown. Flower colors deteriorated the most by an electric pressing device made in Korea for pink rose; an electric pressing device made in Japan for white rose; and paper sheet made in Korea for red rose. The sequence of degree in severity of color change after pressing was pink, yellow, and white roses. Light treatment brought about the most extreme color change in yellow ‘Nobless’ rose, while other three cultivars were rather stable in change of color.
변미연,백재호,박대원,이만식 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.1
In recent years, nano-sized Pt catalysts has been attracting attention in chemical industry. Herein, we investigated the effect of stabilizer and preparation method on Pt dispersion. The Pt/C catalysts were prepared by deposition-precipitation, polyol, and impregnation method using the four types (sodium propionate, sodium gluconate, tri-sodium citrate, and sodium tartrate) of stabilizer. The prepared Pt/C catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, CO-chemisorption, and FE-TEM. The dispersion of Pt was varied by stabilizer and preparation method. Among them, Pt/C catalyst prepared by deposition- precipitation method with sodium propionate as stabilizer showed highest Pt dispersion as 59%. The dispersion of Pt was affected by nucleation and growth of Pt, which is dependent on pH variation.