통옥수수 및 Steam-flaked 옥수수 기초사료가 반추위미생물 발효성상과 한국재래산양 반추위대사 특성에 미치는 영향

배귀석,배정희,윤석준,장문백,고종렬,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.6

본 연구는 반추가축에 있어 통옥수수를 주로 이용한 조사료 무급여사료의 발효특징을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 대조구는 steam-flaked corn으로 구성된 농후사료 (80%)와 볏짚 (20%)을 혼합한 사료 (SFCR)와 통옥수수와 면실피로 구성된 조사료 무급여사료(WC)를 사용하였다. 실험 1은 한우 반추위 미생물을 이용하여 in vitro 시험을 2처리 3반복 시험을 배양시간 48시간 동안 실시하였고, 실험 2는 한국재래산양을 이용한 반추위 내 발효 특성을 알아보기 위하여 in vivo 시험을 2처리 4반복 실험을 15일간 실시 하였으며, in sacco 시험은 2처리 3반복으로 시험을 3일간 실시하였다. 실험 1에서 SFCR구와 WC구 모두 반추위 적정 pH를 유지하였으며 처리간에 유의성은 없었으나 배양 4시간 대에 SFCR에서 다소 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. Gas 발생량은 SFCR구에서 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.01), NH_3-N 농도는 WC구에서 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. Total VFA농도는 8시간대까지 WC구에서 유의성있게(p<0.01) 낮았고 이후 유의성은 없었으나 두 처리구 모두 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 전체 평균 Acetate 함량은 SFCR구에서 모두 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.01), 전체배양시간에 동안 propionate 함량은 WC구에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.01). 건물소화율은 두 처리구 모두 유의적 차이가 없으나 SFCR구에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 실험 2에서 두 처리구 모두 전체적으로 다소 낮은 pH를 보였으며 유의적 차이는 없었으나 SFCR구에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 반추위 미생물단백질 함량은 SFCR구에서 유의하게 높았으나, NH_3-N 농도는 WC구에서 유의하여 높았다(p<0.01). Total VFA 함량과 propionate 함량도 WC구에서 유의사게 높았으나(p<0.01), acetate 함량은 유의성은 없었고 WC구에서 다소 높았다. 전체적인 Lactate 함량은 두 처리구에서 유의적 차이를 보였으나 (p<0.01) 산독증 발병 수준 이하의 함량을 나타내었다. Nylon bag에 의한 한국재래산양 반추위 내 in sacco 건물소실율은 SFCR에서 유의적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 이상의 시험 결과에 의하면 농후사료 80%와 볏짚 20%로 구성된 SFCR 사료가 반추위 내 발효특성에 있어서 통옥수수와 면실피로 구성된 조사료 무급여사료와 큰 차이가 없었으며, 반면 조사료 무급여사료는 사료 가공비용 감소에 의해 경제성이 증가할 것이다. These study were conducted to determine the effects of a whole or steam-flaked corn based diet on rumen microbial fermentation in vitro and ruminal metabolism in the Korean Native Goat(KNG) in vivo. The experiments consisted of two dietary treatments: control, steam-flaked corn(SFC) based diet(80%) + rice straw mixed(20%)(SFCR); 100% whole corn based diet(WC). The first experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of whole corn on ruminal metabolism in vitro for 0 to 48 h. pH values were optimally maintained during incubation time, and were not significantly different between treatments. Gas production of SFCR was significantly higher than WC(p<0.01). NH_3-N concentration tended to increase for WC, but not significantly different between treatments. The mean value of total volatile fatty acid concentration of WC was significantly lower than SFCR(p<0.01), but SFCR and WC linearly increased as the time of incubation approached 48 h. Mean value of acetate concentration of SFCR was significantly higher than WC(p<0.01). Propionate concentration of WC for the total incubation time was significantly higher than SFCR(p<0.01). THe digestibility of dry matter was not significantly different between treatments, but SFCR was somewhat higher than WC. The second experiment was conducted to effect of whole shelled corn based diet on rumen metabolism in KNG. pH values tended to decrease through all treatments. There was not a significantly difference between treatments. Microbial protein yield of SFCR was significantly higher than WC(p<0.01). HN_3-N concentration of WC was significantly (p<0.01) higher than SFCR. Total VFA and propionate concentration of WC was significantly higher than SFCR(p<0.01), but acetate concentrate of WC was not significantly higher than SFCR. The mean value of total lactate concentration was significantly(p<0.01) different but the value of SFCR and WC were lower than the average concentration of acidosis. In sacco DM disappearance rate of SFC was significantly(p<0.01) higher than WC.

산삼배양액 이용에 관한 반추위 미생물 대사 연구

배귀석,남경표,김혜숙,이상구,최행석,민우기,주종원,맹원재,장문백 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.6

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the artificial culture medium of wild-ginsengs on in vitro fermentation characteristics. NH_(3)-N concentration was showed the highest in 3% WGM treatment among all treatments and control. In addition, microbila protein synthesis was significantly different in all treatments throughout the incubation time, and WGM 3% tratment was the highest at the 9 h incubation(P<0.05). Protozoa numbers within rumen were decreased in all WGM treatments a t9h incubation time, whereas WGM 3% treatment was always decreased throughtout the incubation(P<0.05). NDF and ADF digestibility showed no significantly increased as the incubation time in both control and treatments. NDF digestibility showed no significantly increased as the incubation time in both control and treatments. NDF digestibility showed no significantly difference between contro and the 3% treatment, and ADF digestibility was similar in all. Total volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentrations of WGM treatments without 5% were significantly higher than control(P<0.05). No differences were observed in total VFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration among the WGM treatments. Acetate/Propionate roatio of WGN treatments was higher than control after 12 h incubation(P<0.05). As a result of the artificial culture medium of wild-ginseng on rumen fermentation characteristics in vitro, microbial protein synthesis of WGM treatment was higher than control, and WGM 3% was the highest in all treatments(P<0.05). The effect of saponin in artificaial culture medium of wild-ginseng tended to decrease NH_(3)-N concentration, while it increases the microbial synthesis in early incubation. Therefor, artificial cultures medium of wild-ginseng ca increase utilization of feed by microbial and anti-protozoal effects of saponin, which may enhance microbial synthesis capacity in early fernentation period in rumen.

한국재래산양 반추위 내 주요 섬유소 분해 미생물에 의한 암모니아처리 볏짚의 발효특성에 관한 연구

배귀석,전광주,이상석,최종원,박상엽,장문백,맹원재 ( G . S . Bae,G . J . Jeon,S . S . Lee,J . W . Choi,S . Y . Park,M . B . Chang,W . J . Maeng ) 한국낙농학회 1998 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Supplementing Rhodobacter sphaeroides in the diet of lactating Holstein cows may naturally produce coenzyme Q10-enriched milk

배귀석,Ahreum Choi,여준모,김종남,Jaeyong Song,Eun Joong Kim,장문백 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.1

Objective: To examine the effects of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R. sphaeroides) supplementation as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) on rumen fermentation in dairy cows and on coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) transition into milk, an in vitro rumen simulation batch culture and an in vivo dairy cow experiment were conducted. Methods: The characteristics of in vitro ruminal fermentation were investigated using rumen fluids from six cannulated Holstein dairy cows at 2 h post-afternoon feeding. A control treatment was included in the experiments based on a typified total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating dairy cows, which was identical to the one used in the in vivo study, plus R. sphaeroides at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% TMR dry matter. The in vivo study employed six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows randomly allotted to either the control TMR (C-TMR) treatment or to a diet supplemented with a 0.5% R. sphaeroides culture (S-TMR, dry matter basis) ad libitum. The presence of R. sphaeroides was verified using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) applied to the bacterial samples obtained from the in vivo study. The concentration of CoQ10 in milk and in the supernatant from the in vitro study was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The results of the in vitro batch culture and DGGE showed that the concentration of CoQ10 significantly increased after 2 h of R. sphaeroides supplementation above 0.1%. When supplemented to the diet of lactating cows at the level of 0.5%, R. sphaeroides did not present any adverse effect on dry matter intake and milk yield. However, the concentration of CoQ10 in milk dramatically increased, with treated cows producing 70.9% more CoQ10 than control cows. Conclusion: The CoQ10 concentration in milk increased via the use of a novel DFM, and R. sphaeroides might be used for producing value-added milk and dairy products in the future.

우모분 및 우모분 Digest 첨가가 우유 내 Taurine 함량에 미치는 영향

배귀석,김혜숙,백인기,장문백 한국동물자원과학회 2005 한국축산학회지 Vol.47 No.3

대두박 대체 부산물 위주의 TMR 사료가 반추위 내 미생물의 In Vitro 발효특성에 미치는 영향

배귀석,김은중,송태호,송태화,박태일,최낙진,권찬호,장문백,Bae, Gui Seck,Kim, Eun Joong,Song, Tae Ho,Song, Tae Hwa,Park, Tae Il,Choi, Nag Jin,Kwon, Chan Ho,Chang, Moon Baek 한국초지조사료학회 2014 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 농 식품부산물 중 비지박, 사자발약쑥 그리고 커피박의 유효미생물 (L. acidophilus ATCC 496, L. fermentum ATCC 1493, L. plantarum KCTC 1048, L. casei IFO 3533) 발효 사료원이 젖소 급여용 TMR (대조구) 중 대두박을 주로 대체한 각 비지박 (SC), 발효 비지박 (FSC), 발효 비지박+발효 사자발약쑥 부산물 (1:1, DM basis, FSCS) 3, 5, 10% 그리고 발효 비지박 + 발효 커피박 (1:1, DM basis, FSCC) 3, 5, 10%의 반추위 내 미생물 발효특성을 알아보기 위해 9처리구를 이용하여 3반복으로 in vitro 시험이 실시되었다. 배양 6~8시간대에 FSCS와 FSCC 처리구는 SC와 FSC 처리구에 비해 높은 pH 수준을 유지하였고, 대조구에 비해 낮은 pH 수준을 유지하였다 (p<0.05). 또한 배양 24시간대 FSC와 FSCC 3% 처리구는 가장 높은 pH를 유지하였다 (p<0.05). Gas 생성량은 배양 4~10시간대까지 FSCS와 FSCC 처리구가 대조구 보다 유의적으로 높았으나 SC와 FSC 처리구 보다 낮은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 건물소화율은 배양 12시간대까지 FSC 처리구에서 유의적으로 높았고 (p<0.05), 24시간대에는 FSCS 10% 처리구가 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). $NH_3-N$ 함량은 배양 4시간대까지 대조구에서 가장 낮았고 (p<0.05), 24시간에서는 FSC 처리구가 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 미생물단백질 합성량은 배양 시작 시 FSC, FSCS 그리고 FSCC 처리구가 4종의 Lactobacillus spp.에 의한 발효 때문에 대조구와 SC 처리구에 비해 높았으며 (p<0.05), 배양 10시간대 FSC 처리구 보다 SC, FSCS 그리고 FSCC 처리구에서 유의하게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). Total VFA 농도는 배양 6~12 시간대에는 FSC 처리구에 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), 배양 24시간대에는 FSCS 처리구에서 가장 높았다 (p<0.05). Acetate 농도는 배양 0~12 시간대에 FSC 처리구에서 가장 높았으며 (p<0.05), 24시간대에는 FSCS 5, 10% 처리구에서 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). Propionate 농도는 FSC 처리구가 배양 0~10시간대까지 가장 높았으며 (p<0.05), 전체 배양기간 동안 FSCS 5, 10% 처리구와 FSCC 처리구에 비해 높은 경향을 나타내었다. Acetate/Propionate 비율은 배양 12시간대에 SC 처리구에서 가장 높았으며, 배양 24시간대에는 FSCS 3% 처리구가 가장 낮은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). $CH_4$ 가스 생성량은 FSC 처리구에서 배양 0~10시간대까지 가장 높았으며 (p<0.05), 24시간대에는 가장 낮은 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 배양 4~10시간대까지 FSCS와 FSCC 처리구는 SC와 FSC 처리구에 비해 유의하게 낮은 $CH_4$ 가스 생성량을 나타내었고 (p<0.05), 사자발약쑥과 커피박 함량이 증가할수록 $CH_4$ 가스 생성량은 배양 종료 시까지 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서, 본 in vitro 시험에서 젖소 급여용 TMR에 SC, FSC, FSCS 그리고 FSCC의 대체효과는 FSC 처리구에서 배양 초기부터 12시간대까지 반추위 내 미생물 발효 특성이 가장 높았다. FSCS와 FSCC 처리구는 배양 6~8시간대 부터 반추위 내 미생물 작용이 높아지는 특징을 나타내었으나, 배양 시작 후 6~8시간대까지 gas 생성량 및 $CH_4$ 가스 발생량은 낮아지는 특징을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결론은 FSC는 젖소용 TMR 사료원 대체 효과가 높으며, TMR 사료원 중 FSCS와 FSCC 대체효과는 배양 초기 다소 낮은 반추위 내 미생물 발효 특성을 나타내었으나 $CH_4$ 저감효과를 나타내었다. 또한 배양 후기에는 SC와 FSC의 반추위 내 미생물 발효 특성과 비슷한 경향을 나타내어 TMR 사료원으로써 이용 가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of replacing basic total mixed ration (TMR) with fermented soybean curd, Artemisia princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal, and spent coffee grounds by-product on rumen microbial fermentation in vitro. Soybean in the basic TMR diet (control) was replaced by the following 9 treatments (3 replicates): maximum amounts of soybean curd (SC); fermented SC (FSC); 3, 5, and 10% FSC + fermented A. princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal (1:1, DM basis, FSCS); and 3, 5, 10% FSC + fermented coffee meal (1:1, DM basis, FSCC) of soybean. FSC, FSCS, and FSCC were fermented using Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 496, Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 1493, Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 1048, and Lactobacillus casei IFO 3533. Replacing dairy cow TMR with FSC treatment led to a pH value of 6 after 8 h of incubation-the lowest value measured (p<0.05), and FSCS and FSCC treatments were higher than SC and FSC treatment after 6 h (p<0.05). Gas production was higher in response to 3% FSC and FSCC treatments than the control after 4-10 h. Dry matter digestibility was increased 0-12 h after FSC treatment (p<0.05) and was the highest after 24 h of 10% FSCS treatment. $NH_3-N$ concentration was the lowest after 24 h of FSC treatment (p<0.05). Microbial protein content increased in response to treatments that had been fermented by the Lactobacillus spp. compared to control and SC treatments (p<0.05). The total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was increased after 6-12 h of FSC treatment (p<0.05), while the highest acetate proportion was observed 24 h after 5% and 10% FSCS treatments. The FSC of propionate proportion was increased for 0-10 h compared with among treatments (p<0.05). The highest acetate in the propionate ration was observed after 12 h of SC treatment and the lowest with FSCS 3% treatment after 24 h. Methane ($CH_4$) emulsion was lower with A. princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal and spent coffee grounds treatments than with the control, SC, and FSC treatments. These experiments were designed to replace the by-products of dairy cow TMR with SC, FSC, FSCS, and FSCC to improve TMR quality. Condensed tannins contained in FSCS and FSCC treatments, which reduced $CH_4$ emulsion in vitro, decreased rumen microbial fermentation during the early incubation time. Therefore, future experiments are required to develop a rumen continuous culture system and an in vivo test to optimize the percentages of FSC, FSCS, and FSCC in the TMR diet of the dairy cows.

Semi - continuous Culture 방법을 이용한 Condensed Tannin 의 한국재래산양 반추위 섬유소 분해 미생물의 활성에 미치는 영향

배귀석,이상석,최종원,박상엽,장문백,하종규,최일,배희동,김종민 한국낙농학회 1999 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

Coenzyme Q10 다량 발현 미생물을 이용한 Rumen Simulation Continuous Culture (RSCC) System 반추위 내 미생물 발효 특성에 대한 연구

배귀석,여준모,장문백,김종남,Bae, G.S.,Yeo, J.M.,Chang, M.B.,Kim, J.N. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2017 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.19 No.1

This study was conducted to confirm the rumen fermentation characteristics of large-scale CoenzymeQ10(CoQ10) producing bacteria R. spharoides in rumen. We conducted in vitro continuous culture test to investigate the characteristics of rumen fermentation with 5% R. spharoides as a direct fed microorganism. A rumen microbial fermentation characteristic has stability at after 12 days for 15 day of experimental period. pH value, NH₃-N, microbial protein synthesis, ADF digestibility and NDF digestibility were not shown significantly differences between control and treatment. However, UDP was significantly higher in treatment than control (p<0.05). CoQ10 concentration was 336.0mg/l with 5% R. spharoides. On the other hands, CoQ10 was not detected without R. spharoides. Our study was shown that R. spharoides can produce CoQ10 in rumen environment without harmful effects on rumen fermentation parameter. CoQ10 in rumen may transfer into cow milk through cow metabolism. This strategy might be helpful for producing functional dairy cow milk.

反芻胃 내 纖維素分解 微生物에 의한 化學的 處理 국내산 밀짚 醱酵特性에 관한 硏究

裵貴石,李相碩,尹光老,張文伯,白仁基 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 1994 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.6 No.1

本 實驗은 韓國在來山羊의 反芻胃 內에서 分離·同定된 纖維素分解微生物을 利用하여 化學的處理를 한 한국산 밀짚과 無處理 밀짚의 衛生的 分解力의 차이를 알기위해 醱酵産物, 電子顯微鏡檢定을 실시하였다. 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. pH水準은 암모니아처리 밀짚에서 큰 변화는 없었으나, 다소 감소하였다. 2. DM消化率은 암모니아처리 밀짚이 무처리 밀짚 보다 높았으며, 특히 F. succinogens에 서 제일 높았다. 3. ADF消化率은 암모니아처리 밀짚에서 전체적으로 높았다. 4. 微生物蛋白質代謝는 암모니아처리구에서 增加하였으며, ammonia nitrogen 함량은 모든 암모니아 처리구에서 72시간 醱酵期間동안 천천히 높아짐을 보였다. 5. 化學的處理에 의한 밀짚의 化學的·物理的構造의 부분적인 變化는 纖維素分解微生物에 의한 分解力과 밀짚에서 微生物의 적소를 增加시켰다. The isolated ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of the Korean native goat-Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivbrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus flavefaciens-were incubated on chemical treated Korean wheat straw in mono-and coculture. The experiment were designed to examine the effects of ammonia treatment of Korean wheat strew by rumen cellulolytic bacteria on in Vitro conditions for fiber degradation, and to determine the effect of treatment on fractions of wheat straw. Ammonia treated wheat straw was compared with untreated wheat straw for 0,24,48, and 72h by rumen cellulolytic bacteria. In the experiment, pH, ammonia-nitrogen, and ADF and scanning electorn micrograph were studied. The results obtained in this study are as follows; 1. pH values had no remarkable changes by the ammoniation of wheat straw, but slightly decreased in process of incubation time with ammonia treatment. 2. Dry matter digestibility of ammonia-treated wheat was higher than those of untreated wheat straw, and was highest for F. succinogenes. 3. ADF digestibility of amonia-treatment wheat straw was generally higher than untreated group. 4. Microbial protein synthesis was increased with ammonia treatment and concentration of ammonia nitrogen was increased steadily the fermentation proceeds for 72 hours in the ammonia-treated group. 5. A partial modification of chemical physical structure of straws by chemical treatment would enhance the microbial degradation and more extensive formation of niche of wheat straw by rumen cellulolytic bacteria.

항균활성 천연물질을 이용한 반추위 메탄저감용 친환경 첨가제 개발

이아름,양진호,조상범,나종삼,심관섭,김영훈,배귀석,장문백,최빛나,신수진,최낙진 한국유기농업학회 2014 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 천연물질에서 유래한 반추위 메탄저감용 친환경 첨가제 개발을 위해 각기 다른 종균을 이용하여 발효한 세신 추출물의 항균활성, 항산화활성 및 in vitro 반추위 발효시험을 체계적으로 실시하였다. 접종된 균주들의 성장효율을 알아보기 위해 실시한 생균수측정 결과 L. curvatus NJ40 균주에서 유의적으로 높은 균주성장을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 항균활성측정 결과는 대조구 대비 L. curvatus NJ40 및 L. plantarum NJ45 균주와 발효된 세신 추출물이 병원균에 대한 항균효과를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. In vitro 반추위 발효실험에 세신 및 발효 세신 추출물을 적용한 결과, 휘발성 지방산 생성량 대비 반추위 메탄 저감효과가 나타났다. 특히 반추위 미생물 활력 및 사료이용 효율을 대표할 수 있는 휘발성 지방산 생성효율에 대한 부정적 효과 없이, 오히려 휘발성지방산 생성효율을 향상시키면서 반추위 메탄 저감효과를 가져올 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. The present study was conducted to investigate effective starter culture to improve biological activity of Asarum sieboldii. Antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity and reduction of enteric rumen methane production were used as criterions for biological activity. Ground A. sieboldii was added in MRS broth at 10% (w/v) and fermented by different starter cultures. Weissella confusa NJ28, Weissella cibaria NJ33, Lactobacillus curvatus NJ40, Lactobacillus brevis NJ42, Lactobacillus plantarum NJ45 and Lactobacillus sakei NJ48 were used for starter culture strains. Each starter culture was inoculated with 1% (v/v) ratio and fermentation was performed at 30℃ with agitation (150 rpm) for 48 h. MRS broth for the control was employed without starter culture. Then the fermentation growth was dried and extracted using ethyl alcohol. The growth of starter culture was detected at NJ40, NJ42, NJ45 and NJ48. And the highest cell growth was found in NJ40. Antibacterial activity against to Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogens, Mannheimia haemolytica and Salmonella gallinarum were observed in the extract fermented by NJ40 and NJ45. All treatments showed antioxidant activities, however, there were no significant differences (p>0.05). In in vitro rumen fermentation, negative control (NC) and positive control (PC) were assigned to without extract and with non-fermented A. sieboldii extract. Significant suppression of gas productions were detected in positive control and treatments compared to negative control (p<0.05). However, total volatile fatty acid production was not suppressed. Significant methane reduction per total volatile fatty acid productions were found in positive control and NJ45 treatment (p<0.05). The present study suggested a fermentation of A. sieboldii using NJ45 strain could improve its biological activity and make possible for its use in bio additive for enteric rumen methane mitigation without suppression of animal productivity.