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박덕환 ( D. H. Park ),변주환 ( J. H. Byeon ),원헌섭 ( H. S. Won ),유재홍 ( J. H. Yoo ),조세열 ( S. Y. Cho ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2012 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.24 No.1
In 2010 to 2011, "Gondalbi" (Ligularia stenocephala) leaves and roots with abnormal characteristics, such as leaf spot and blight, necrosis, powdery mildew, chlorosis, and root rot symptoms were collected in field of Yanggu, Gangwon Province. Similar symptoms have been reported by local farmers since 2008, and they required the identity of those associated pathogens to build up environment-friendly control strategies. Symptoms were primarily divided to black spotted leaf blight, anthracnose, brown leaf spot, leaf blight, powdery mildew, vein necrosis, chlorosis, and root rot based on their typical characteristics, which are the most frequent lesions produced in leaves and roots. In the field, the productions of black spotted leaf blight, anthracnose, brown leaf spot, and leaf blight diseases were highest with daily mean diurnal temperature regimes from 10 to 20℃ and >60% relative humidity; root rot and chlorosis severities was highest in the range of 5 to 10℃, whereas >20℃ of diurnal temperature at the late of harvesting season appeared to be related to vein necrosis and powdery mildew. Twelve fungal stains were isolated from disease samples using potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with kanamycin. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of partial sequences of the 18S rDNA and ITS region of twelve isolates and reference fungi available in the GenBank, the isolates from black spotted leaf blight, anthracnose, brown leaf spot, and root rot diseases were similarly clustered into Phoma glomerata, Colletotrichum spp., Alternaria brassicae, and Rhizoctonia spp., respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first documented report of the presence of several fungal pathogens and these occurrences increase a significant economic impact to "Gondalbi" at Yanggu country.
박덕환 ( Park,D. H. ),이재홍 ( J. H. Lee ),정태성 ( T. S. Jeong ),황세정 ( S. J. Hwang ),홍대기 ( D. K. Hong ),원헌섭 ( H. S. Won ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2019 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.31 No.1
본 연구는 기후 온난화 등의 원인으로 사과재배 적지로 평가받고 있는 강원도 사과재배 농가의 병해충 방제용 농약사용 경향을 파악하고자 실시되었다. 강원도 7개시 · 군 132 사과재배 농가 농약사용실태 분석 결과, 살균제 및 살충제 각각 8회 살포 농가가 대부분으로, 조사시점인 2017년을 기점으로 각각 10년 및 20년 이전에 비해 살포횟수가 대폭 감소한 것으로 조사되었다. 가장 많이 사용된 살균제는 Dithianon, Tebuconazole 및 Mancozeb 등의 수화제였고, 살충제는 Spirotetramat, Acetamiprid 및 Chlorantraniliprole 등이 사용되는 것으로 조사되어, 미등록 및 비적용 약제의 사용은 이루어지지 않고 있었다. 따라서 적정 농약의 사용을 위하여, 앞으로도 지속적인 병해충 방제용 농약사용실태 조사가 필요하며 이를 통한 강원도 사과재배 맞춤형 농약 및 방제력의 선정이 필요하다. This study was conducted to analyze trends in the usage of fungicides and insecticides in 132 apple orchards in Gangwon Province, where the apple cultivation area has recently increase. The number of treatments with both fungicides and insecticides was eight per orchard, indicating that the number of treatments has reduced compared with that 10-20 years ago. The most frequently used fungicides and insecticides were dithianon, tebuconazole, and mancozeb, and spirotetramat, acetamiprid, and chlorantraniliprole WP, respectively. In addition, the cultivators in Gangwon Province are not treated with unregistered pesticides; thus, we assumed that the apple orchards in Gangwon Province might be appropriate in terms of usage of pesticides based on the guide from RDA (Rural Development Administration). We hope to further develop the adapted control strategies using pesticides in apple orchards in Gangwon Province via continuous monitoring.
박덕환 ( Deokwhon Park ),정세창 ( Sechang Jung ) 한국리스크관리학회 2017 리스크 管理硏究 Vol.28 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 보증보험의 손해율을 결정하는 위험과 보험요율간의 정합성을 제고 할 수 있는 요율산출방식에 대한 연구를 통해 보증보험요율의 적정성을 확보하고 보험가격리스크를 최소화하는데 있다. 이를 위해 보증보험의 손해를 결정하는 가장 중요한 요인이며 보험계약자의 채무불이행정도를 판단하는 대표적 지표인 예상부도율이 국내 은행과 해외 선진보증보험사에서 이자율 및 요율에 각각 어떻게 이용되는 지를 확인하고, 그 방법론을 국내 보증보험 요율개선의 방향성 확보에 활용한다. 아울러 실증적인 요율개선방법을 제시하기 위해 이행(계약)보증보험을 대상으로 내부 신용등급산출모형에 의해 산출된 보험계약자 신용등급과 손해율간의 선형회귀분석을 통해 선형적 상관성을 확인하고 손해율 추정모형을 도출한다. 손해율 추정모형을 활용하여 신용등급에 따른 손해율 상대도를 추정·산출하고 신용등급별로 요율을 차등화 하는 방법을 제시한다. 결과적으로 위험의 크기인 예상부도율에 따라 요율이 합리적으로 차등화 되어 요율의 적정성을 확보할 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라 경영환경의 변화에 따라 보험계약자의 신용등급도 바뀌기 때문에 경기변동 등에 따른 보험계약자의 보험 사고빈도 변화에 의한 손해율의 변동성도 최소화 할 수 있어 요율의 안정성도 제고될 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study is to secure an adequate premium rate and to minimize the insurance price risk. This study is based on the research into the ratemaking methodology which would enhance the integrity between: (1) the premium rates; and (2) the risk determining the loss ratio of surety bonds. Part of the matters examined during this study is how domestic banks and surety bonds operating in the advanced countries use the PD, which is a key index determining the principal’s extent of default and is also the most important determinant for the loss in surety bonds, in order to derive their interest rates and premium rates. Their methodologies used to find ways to improve the premium rates are applicable to domestic surety bonds. In addition, in order to present a practical method for premium rate improvement, a linear regression analysis is conducted on the principal’s credit grade and loss ratio which has been calculated by an internal credit grade calculation model for performance bonds. Through the analysis, the linear correlations between the principals’s credit grade and loss ratio are confirmed, and a loss ratio estimation model is generated. With the use of the loss ratio estimation model, the relativity of loss ratios against credit grades is estimated and calculated, and also a method for differentiating the premium rates according to credit grades is presented. Adequate premium rates, thus, can be secured with the premium rates being differentiated according to the PD(size of risk). Also, the volatility of loss ratio, which fluctuates in accordance with the principal’s credit grade subject to change depending on business conditions and is affected by the principal’s loss event frequency, can be minimized. Through this, the stability of premium rate is expected to be improved.
Draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. P3 isolated from potato scab diseased tubers
강민규,박덕환,Kang, Min Kyu,Park, Duck Hwan The Microbiological Society of Korea 2018 미생물학회지 Vol.54 No.2
Streptomyces sp. P3 균주는 대한민국 강원도 평창의 더뎅이병 이병괴경으로부터 2017년 분리되었다. 이 논문에서는 9,851,971 bp (71.2% G + C 함량)로 구성된 P3 균주의 전체염기서열을 보고한다. 지놈은 8,548개의 코딩서열, 18개의 rRNA 그리고 66개의 tRNA 유전자를 포함하고 있다. 특히 P3 균주는 감자표면과 무종자를 이용한 병원성 검정에서 병원성을 나타내지는 않았지만, 감자 더뎅이병 유발 Streptomyces들이 보유한 병원성 유전자 중 tomA 유전자만이 존재하였다. 따라서 본 논문에 제공되는 전체염기서열은 감자 더뎅이병원세균들의 병원성 획득을 위한 진화단계에서의 이해를 높이기 위한 중요한 단서가 될 것이다. Streptomyces sp. P3 was isolated from potato scab diseased tubers in Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea in 2017. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of P3 with 9,851,971 bp size (71.2% GC content) of the chromosome. The genome comprises 8,548 CDS, 18 rRNA and 66 tRNA genes. Although strain P3 did not show pathogenicity both potato tuber assay and radish seedling assay, it possesses tomatinase (tomA) gene among conserved pathogenicity-related genes in well characterized pathogenic Streptomyces. Thus, the genome sequences determined in this study will be useful to understand for pathogenic evolution in Streptomyces species, which already adapted to potato scab pathogens.
박성용,박덕환,김현선,김정면,임현택,배수빈,김용성,Park, Sung-Yong,Park, Duck-Hwan,Kim, Hyun-Sun,Kim, Jung-Myeon,Lim, Hyun-Taek,Bae, Su-Bin,Kim, Yong-Seong 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.1
This research aims to utilize lapilli from the Mt. Baekdusan as environmently-friendly construction material. First of all, the neutralizing method for fabricating lapilli-cement-mixed bioblock was examined. And then, by use of the neuralized bioblock with microorganism for water purification, the growth inhibition effect against the pathogenic coliform bacillus was evaluated. The result regarding growth inhibition effect on pathogenic coliform bacillus indicates that the pretreatment condition, which is a concurrent procession with aqueous solution of 10% di-ammonium Phosphate after water curing, led to pH degraded below 10 which was the target value. Therefore it was concluded that the method was effective on bio-block neutralization. The microorganisms purifying water and di-ammonium phosphate were detected through the examination for microorganism existence on the bioblock, therefore it was concluded that the bioblock composed of lapilli and cement is able to be utilized in various structures as an environment friendly construction material.