대학생의 개별성-관계성의 하위집단에 따른 갈등해결전략이 이성 관계 만족도에 미치는 영향

류정화,정남운 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.15

Objectives This study aimed to examine subgroups formed according to the level of individuality-relatedness development of college students, identify the characteristics of conflict resolution strategies for each group, and confirm the effect of individuality-relatedness on romanticl relationship satisfaction focusing on the role positive-negative conflict management strategies. Methods The three measures were employed: (a) Individuality - Relatedness scale, (b) Managing Affect and Differences scale, (c) Romantic relationship satisfaction scale. The subgroup according to the level of individualityrelationship development was identified through cluster analysis, and the effect of individuality-relationship on the opposite-sex relationship was confirmed using a structural equation model. Results Results indicated, first, that participants were categorized as four clusters: Undeveloped group of individuality and relatedness, Developed group of individuality and relatedness, Partially developed group of relatedness, Partially developed group of individuality. Second, depending on individuality - relatedness each level, different types of conflict management strategies were used and romantic relationship satisfaction was significantly different between four groups. Third, conflict management strategies had mediating effect on the relationship between individuality - relatedness and romantic relationship satisfaction. These findings suggest that relatedness increase use of positive conflict management strategies, reduce use of negative conflict management strategies and have no influence on romantic relationship satisfaction. Meanwhile, individuality enhances positive conflict management strategies and has a negative effect on romantic relationship satisfaction. Lastly, this study ends with discussion of implications, limitations and suggestions. Conclusions This study suggest that if people with unbalanced individuality and relatedness development come to the counseling center, they can promote the growth of undeveloped individuality⋅relatedness and help to maintain healthy relationships by intervening their conflict resolution strategies to increase romantic relationship satisfaction.

보안 내재화 중심의 OT 산업보안 강화 방안

류정화,이일구,문정현 한국산업보안연구학회 2023 한국산업보안연구 Vol.13 No.-

As the Industrial Control System (ICS) environment becomes decentralized, hyperconnected, and intelligent with the 4th Industrial Revolution, the importance of industrial security in the OT (Operational Technology) area dedicated to industrial operation management is increasing. Looking at the ripple effect of security breaches on the ICS environment and the share of manufacturing in Korea's industry and economy, it can be seen that enhancing OT industrial security is very important. The conventional industrial control system is not designed to internalize security, and is an aging system with a life cycle of 20 years or more and difficult to automatically patch. And due to the digital innovation that converges IT and OT, the attack surface of cyber assets and physical assets has increased, and the risk of external ICS manufacturers and SI (System Integrator) has been increased due to providing remote access system. A robust security system that can overcome these limitations is required. The recent OT security incidents mainly started with IT vulnerabilities. The OT environment is generally a closed network, and external attacks are limited due to network separation through an air gap. In this paper, we analyze the major security vulnerabilities and security attack surfaces of the OT industry, as well as the conventional OT security industry policies, and propose technical measures and policies using the security-by-designed sensors that can detect abnormal symptoms in advance to enhance the OT industry security system. 4차 산업 혁명과 함께 산업제어시스템 (Industrial Control System, ICS) 환경이 분산화, 초연결화, 지능화되면서 산업 운영 관리를 전담하는 OT(Operational Technology) 산업보안의 중요도가 커지고 있다. ICS 환경에서 보안 침해의 파급력과 우리나라 산업과 경제에 제조업이 차지하는 비중이 커짐에 따라 OT 산업보안 강화가 시급함을 알 수 있다. 종래의 산업제어시스템은보안을 내재화하여 설계되지 않았고, 수명 주기가 20년 이상인 노후화되고 자동 패치하기 어려운 시스템이다. 그리고 IT와 OT가 융합되는 디지털 혁신으로 인해 사이버 자산과 물리적 자산의공격 표면이 커졌고, 외부 ICS 제조사와 SI(System Integrator)사에 원격 액세스를 제공해야 해서위험성이 더욱 커짐에 따라 종래 방식의 한계점을 극복할 수 있는 견고한 보안 체계가 요구되었다. 최근 발생한 OT 보안 사고는 IT 취약점에서 시작되는 경우가 많았다. 종래 OT 환경은 에어갭 (Air gap) 기반의 망분리로 외부 공격이 제한적이지만, IT망 시스템과 연결됨에 따라 IT망 침해가 발생한 후에 OT망의 피해로 이어질 수 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 OT 산업이 지니는 주요 보안 취약점 및 보안 공격 표면과 종래의 OT 보안 산업 정책을 분석하고, 이상징후를 사전에탐지할 수 있는 보안 내재화 기반의 센서를 활용한 OT 산업보안 체계를 강화할 수 있는 기술적방안과 정책을 제안한다.

Isolation and in vitro culture of primary cell populations derived from ovarian tissues of the rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli

류정화,김학준,배승섭,정춘구,공승표 한국수산과학회 2016 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.19 No.2

This study was conducted to identify the general conditions for the isolation and in vitro culture of ovary-derived cells in rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). The effects of three different enzymes on cell retrieval from ovarian tissues were evaluated first, and then the ovary-dissociated cells were cultured under various culture conditions, with varying basal media and culture temperatures, addition of growth factors, and/or culture types. We found that collagenase type I treatment was effective for cell isolation from ovarian tissues. From a total of 42 trials to evaluate the effects of basal media and culture temperatures on cell culture of ovary-dissociated cells, we observed that Leibovitz’s L15 medium was more supportive than Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium for culture, and the cells could grow at all three temperatures tested, 15, 20, and 25 °C, at least up to passage 2. However, growth factor addition did not improve cell growth. Introduction of suspension culture after monolayer culture expanded the culture period significantly more than did monolayer culture alone. Our results may provide a basis for developing an in vitro system for S. schlegeli germline cell culture, which will ultimately lead to improvement of the species.

Improving Survival Rate of Korean Patients Initiating Dialysis

류정화,류동열,김현욱,김경훈,한후재,안형식,이신아,김승정,강덕희,최규복 연세대학교의과대학 2015 Yonsei medical journal Vol.56 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the survival rate among Korean dialysis patients changed during the period between 2005 and 2008 in Korea. Materials and Methods: A total of 32357 patients who began dialysis between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2008 were eligible for analysis. Baseline demographics,comorbidities, and mortality data were obtained from the database of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. Results: Kaplan-Meier curves accordingto the year of dialysis initiation showed that the survival rate was significantlydifferent (log-rank test, p=0.005), most notably among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients (p<0.001), although not among hemodialysis (HD) patients (p= 0.497). In multivariate analysis, however, patients initiating either HD or PD in 2008 also had a significantly lower risk of mortality compared to those who began dialysis in 2005. Subgroup survival analysis among patients initiating dialysis in 2008 revealed that the survival rate of PD patients was significantly higher than that of HD patients (p=0.001), and the survival benefit of PD over HD remained in non-diabetic patients aged less than 65 years after adjustment of covariates. Conclusion: Survival of Korean patients initiating dialysis from 2005 to 2008 has improved over time, particularly in PD patients. In addition, survival rates among patients initiating dialysis in 2008 were different according to patients’ age and diabetes, thus we need to consider these factors when dialysis modality should be chosen.

일반연제 발표 : 만성신부전 환자에서 Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase(MTHFR) 유전자 다형성이 고호모시스테인혈증과 말초혈관 동맥경화에 미치는 영향

류정화,유민아,류동열,김승정,강덕희,최규복,윤견일 대한신장학회 2006 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.25 No.1

83세 남자, 혈변

류정화,정성애,심기남,김성은,백수정,유민아,이한효,염문선,유권,문일환/ 大韓消化器內視鏡學會 2003 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.26 No.5

db/db 마우스에서 상엽 에탄올가용분획의 항당뇨활성

류정화(Jeong Wha Ryu),서성훈(Seong Hoon Seo),정성현(Sung Hyun Chung) 대한약학회 1998 약학회지 Vol.42 No.6

Antidiabetic activity of Mori folium ethanol soluble fraction (MFESF) was examined in db/db mice, which is a spontaneously hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and obese animal model. 500 and 1000mg/kg dose for MFFSF (designated by SY 500 and SY 1000, respectively) and 5mg/kg dose for acarbose were administered for 6 weeks. Body weight gain, fasting and non-fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin and triglyceride were all reduced dose dependently when compared between db/db control group and MFESF treated group. At 11th and 13th week after birth, MFESF increased an insulin secretion which may result in lowering serum glucose level. Total activities of sucrase and maltase in SY 500 treated group were decreased when compared to db/db control. On the other hand, those in SY 1000 and acarbose treated groups were increased. This result may suggest that proteins for sucrase and maltase were compensatorily induced due to significant inhibition of glycosidase-catalyzed reaction at doses administered in this study.

혈액투석 환자에서 혈관내피세포 기능이상과 관련된 인자들에 관한 연구

류정화 ( Jung Hwa Ryu ),유민아 ( Min A Yu ),류동열 ( Dong Ryeol Ryu ),김승정 ( Seung Jung Kim ),최규복 ( Kyu Bok Choi ),윤견일 ( Kyun Il Yoon ),강덕희 ( Duk Hee Kang ),편욱범 ( Wook Bum Pyun ),신길자 ( Gil Ja Shin ) 대한신장학회 2008 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.27 No.2

목적: 동맥경화성 심혈관계 질환은 아직도 투석 환자에서 사망의 가장 흔한 원인이다. 혈관내피세포의 기능이상은 동맥경화증 발생의 가장 초기 단계에 발생하는 중요한 과정으로, 비가역적인 변화인 동맥경화증과는 달리 회복 가능한 가역적인 변화이므로, 이 단계에서의 조기 진단과 치료가 가능하다면 환자의 예후 향상에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 혈액투석 환자의 혈관내피세포 및 평활근세포의 기능을 조사하고 심혈관계 질환의 발생과 예후 결정에 중요한 인자인 전신염증반응의 지표, 환자의 영양 상태 및 기타 생화학적 지표와의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 방법: 임상적으로 안정된 혈액투석 환자 37명 (평균연령 51.8세, 평균투석기간 37.9개월)와 11명의 건강 대조군, 24명의 고혈압 대조군에서 상완동맥 도플러 초음파를 이용하여 혈관내피세포 기능을 측정하였다. 내피세포 의존성 혈관확장능 (FMD), 니트로글리세린을 설하로 투여한 후의 내피세포 비의존성 혈관확장능 (EIV), 최대반응시간 (PT) 등의 지표를 측정하고, 허혈성 심질환 (IHD)의 이환 여부, 환자의 영양 상태, hsCRP 농도 및 다른 생화학적 지표와의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 결과: 1. 혈액투석 환자의 FMD와 EIV는 건강 대조군에 비하여 감소되어 있었고, 각 반응의 PT는 두 대조군에 비해 지연되어 있었다. 고혈압 대조군에서는 FMD만 감소되어 있었고 EIV는 정상 대조군과 유사하였다. 2. FMD와 EIV는 혈중 hsCRP 농도와 각각 의미 있는 음의 상관관계가 있었으나, 연령, 투석기간, RAS 차단제의 복용 여부, 알부민, 프리알부민, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 호모시스테인 농도와는 상관관계가 없었다. 3. 투석 환자 중 IHD가 있는 환자가 IHD가 없는 환자에 비하여 평균투석기간이 길었고, SGA에 의해 평가된 영양실조 환자가 많았다. hsCRP의 농도는 IHD가 있는 환자에서 증가되어 있었다 (중앙값: 1.43 vs. 0.15 mg/dL, p<0.05). IHD가 있는 환자에서 FMD (4.1±2.5 vs. 6.4±2.6%, p<0.05)와 EIV (8.7±4.1 vs. 13.8±7.2%, p<0.05)가 유의하게 감소되어 있었다. 결론: 혈액투석 환자에서 환자의 전신염증반응은 혈관내 피세포와 평활근세포의 기능 결정에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다. CRP 농도의 증가가 전신염증반응 존재의 간접적인 지표인지 또는 혈관 기능이상에 직접적으로 작용하는지의 여부와 그 기전에 대해서는 향후 전향적인 연구와 in vitro 실험이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: Endothelial dysfunction is an event in the atherosclerotic process usually considered reversible at its early stage. Early detection, therefor, may improve the prognosis in the cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the vascular function in hemodialysis (HD) patients and to explore its relation to other various parameters with a specific emphasis on systemic inflammatory reaction (SIR), nutritional status and the presence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (FMD) was measured, using Doppler sonogram, in 37 stable HD patients, 11 healthy people and 24 hypertensive controls. Nitroglycerineinduced endothelium-independent vasodilatation (EIV) and peak reaction time (PT) of each FMD and EIV were also measured. Results: FMD in HD patients was decreased compared to healthy group whereas it was comparable in HD patients and hypertensive control. EIV in HD patients was significantly decreased compared to healthy and hypertensive controls. PT of each FMD and EIV was significantly delayed in HD patients. Each FMD and EIV showed a negative correlation with serum hsCRP level, but no significant correlations of FMD with other parameters were noted. Both FMD and EIV were further decreased in HD patients with IHD than non-IHD group. Conclusion: Our study confirmed a characteristic pattern of vascular dysfunction in HD patients: the impaired endothelial and smooth muscle function with a delayed reaction time. Importantly, SIR was one of the important factors determining vascular dysfunction in HD patients. Further studies will be necessary to define the causative role of SIR on endothelial dysfunction and the effect of inflammation-modulating therapy.

상엽 에탄올가용분획의 글루코스전달체, acetyl-CoA 카복시라제 및 렙틴 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향

류정화(Jeong Wha Ryu),육창수(Chang Soo Yook),정성현(Sung Hyun Chung) 대한약학회 1998 약학회지 Vol.42 No.6

Effects of Mori Folium Ethanol Soluble Fraction (MFESF) on mRNA expression of glucose transporters, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and leptin were examined in db/db mice. 500 and 1000mg/kg dose for MFESF (designated by SY 500 and SY 1000, respectively) and 5mg/kg dose for acarbose were administered for 6 weeks. Quantitations of glucose transporters (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4), ACC and leptin mRNA were performed by RT-PCR and in vitro transcription with co-amplification of rat beta-actin gene as an internal standard. Muscular GLUT-4 mRNA expression in MFESF-treated groups were increased dose dependently. On the other hand, MFESF caused the GLLT-4 and leptin mRNA expressions in adipose tissue to decrease dose dependently, which means that triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes might be decreased and consequently signals adipocytes to inhibit the synthesis and release of leptin. Hepatic ACC mRNA expression in MFESF-treated groups was also decreased. and this may result in lowering of serum triiglyceride level. In contrast, liver GLUT-2 mRNA expressions in MFESF-treated and acarbose groups were increased. Higher rate of glucose uptake into hepatocytes is known to inhibit a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)-catalyzed reaction, which is a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis.

대학생의 개별성-관계성의 하위집단에 따른 갈등해결전략이 이성 관계 만족도에 미치는 영향

류정화(Jung-hwa Ryu),정남운(Nam-woon Chung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.15

목적 본 연구에서는 대학생들의 개별성-관계성 발달수준에 따라 형성된 하위집단을 탐색하고, 각 집단별 갈등해결전략의 특성을 파악하고 개별성-관계성이 긍정적-부정적 갈등해결전략을 매개로 이성 관계 만족도에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 방법 이를 위하여 서울, 경기 지역의 대학생과 대학원생 485명을 대상으로 개별성-관계성 척도, 갈등해결전략 척도(MADS: Managing Affect and Differences Scale), 이성 관계 만족도 척도를 사용하였다. 개별성-관계성 발달수준에 따른 하위집단을 군집분석으로 확인하였으며, 개별성-관계성이 이성 관계에 미치는 영향은 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 확인하였다. 결과 첫째, 군집분석 실시 결과 4개의 집단(개별성·관계성 발달집단, 개별성·관계성 미발달 집단, 개별성 부분발달 집단, 관계성 부분발달 집단)으로 분류되었다. 둘째, 관계성은 긍정적인 갈등해결 전략과 정적 상관을, 부정적인 갈등해결 전략과 부적상관을 나타냈다. 반면 개별성은 긍정적인 갈등해결 전략에서만 정적상관을 보였다. 셋째, 갈등해결 전략 6개 요인과 이성 관계 만족도에서 유의미한 집단 간 차이가 발견되었다. 넷째, 개별성과 관계성 수준이 이성 관계 만족도에 미치는 영향에서 갈등해결전략이 매개역할을 하고 있었다. 관계성 요인은 긍정적 갈등해결전략에 정적인 영향을, 부정적 갈등해결전략에는 부적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 이성 관계만족도에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 개별성 요인은 긍정적 갈등해결전략에만 정적 영향을 보였고, 이성관계 만족도에는 유의한 부적 영향을 미쳤다. 결론 본 연구 결과는 개별성·관계성 불균형 발달을 이룬 사람들이 상담 장면에 온다면, 미발달된 개별성과 관계성의 성장을 촉진하고, 갈등해결전략이라는 관계적 요소를 개입함으로써 이성 관계 만족도를 증가시켜 이성 관계에서 건강한 관계를 유지할 수 있도록 도울 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. Objectives This study aimed to examine subgroups formed according to the level of individuality-relatedness development of college students, identify the characteristics of conflict resolution strategies for each group, and confirm the effect of individuality-relatedness on romanticl relationship satisfaction focusing on the role positive- negative conflict management strategies. Methods The three measures were employed: (a) Individuality - Relatedness scale, (b) Managing Affect and Differences scale, (c) Romantic relationship satisfaction scale. The subgroup according to the level of individualityrelationship development was identified through cluster analysis, and the effect of individuality-relationship on the opposite-sex relationship was confirmed using a structural equation model. Results Results indicated, first, that participants were categorized as four clusters: Undeveloped group of individuality and relatedness, Developed group of individuality and relatedness, Partially developed group of relatedness, Partially developed group of individuality. Second, depending on individuality - relatedness each level, different types of conflict management strategies were used and romantic relationship satisfaction was significantly different between four groups. Third, conflict management strategies had mediating effect on the relationship between individuality - relatedness and romantic relationship satisfaction. These findings suggest that relatedness increase use of positive conflict management strategies, reduce use of negative conflict management strategies and have no influence on romantic relationship satisfaction. Meanwhile, individuality enhances positive conflict management strategies and has a negative effect on romantic relationship satisfaction. Lastly, this study ends with discussion of implications, limitations and suggestions. Conclusions This study suggest that if people with unbalanced individuality and relatedness development come to the counseling center, they can promote the growth of undeveloped individuality·relatedness and help to maintain healthy relationships by intervening their conflict resolution strategies to increase romantic relationship satisfaction.