국외(國外) 학습자(學習者)를 위한 실시간(實時間) 화상(畵像) 한국어(韓國語) 교육 방안 연구

류선숙(柳善淑) ( Ryu Seon-suk ),김민경(金珉京) ( Kim Min-kyung ),이아름(李아름) ( Lee Ah-reum ) 한국어문교육연구회 2021 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.49 No.1

이 연구는 국외 한국어 학습자를 대상으로 한 실시간 화상 한국어 교육 방안을 제안하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 현재 가장 대표적으로 사용되고 있는 화상회의 플랫폼인 Zoom과 Webex를 활용하여 한국어를 가르치고 있는 전문가 집단을 대상으로 화상 한국어교육의 실태를 면밀히 고찰하였다. 그 결과 실제 화상 한국어 수업의 전체구조는 대면 교육에서 크게 벗어나지 않는 것으로 나타났으나 비대면 온라인 플랫폼의 특성에 맞춘 교육의 경량화(輕量化)가 필요하다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 또한 온라인 환경을 고려한 언어 지식과 언어 수행의 이원화가 필요하며, 학습 과제 및 피드백 역시 차별화되어야 한다는 점을 확인하였다. 이에 본고에서는 국외 학습자를 대상으로 화상 한국어 교육의 특성과 강점을 살린 교육프로그램 모형을 제안하는 데 초점을 두고, 이러한 모형이 실제 교육 현장에 적용될 수 있도록 하기 위한 등급별 교육 목표와 운영 체계를 제안하였다. This study aimed to propose a Korean language Education Method of real- time video conferencing for overseas Korean learners. For this purpose, we narrowly examined the reality of Korean language education using video conferencing from a group of experts who was teaching Korean using Zoom or Webex, the most representative video conferencing platforms currently used. As a result, we found the overall system of video classes didn’t depart from the face-to-face education much, but it was needed to be downsized and focused to suit the characteristics of non-face-to-face online education. Also, it was confirmed that dualization on language knowledge and language performance was necessary, and tasks and feedback needed to be differentiated, considering the online environment. Therefore, this study focuses on proposing a program model for overseas Korean learners considering the characteristics and strengths of Korean language education through video conferencing and proposes grade-specific educational goals and an operation system for the model to apply it possibly to the actual educational sites.

메타버스(Metaverse) 기반의 한국어 교과목 설계에 관한 가능성 탐색 연구

류선숙(Ryu, SeonSuk) 한국교양교육학회 2022 교양교육연구 Vol.16 No.2

이 연구는 변화하는 대학의 교수⋅학습 환경 및 다변화되어 가는 외국인 학습자의 특징과 요구를 반영한 메타버스 기반 한국어 교과목 개발에 대한 가능성을 탐색하는 데 목표가 있다. 아직 한국어교육 분야에서 메타버스의 활용은 초기 단계라 할 수 있지만, ‘경험의 원추 이론(The Cone of Experience)’에서 도 강조한 것처럼 구체적이고 직접적인 경험을 기반으로 한 목표 언어 학습은 매우 효과적이다. 따라서 가상 세계(Virtual Worlds), 거울 세계(Mirror Worlds)를 기반으로 한 메타버스를 통해 한국어를 배울 수 있도록 하면, 학습자들의 실제 의사소통 능력 신장에 큰 도움이 될 것이다. 이 연구에서는 메타버스 기반의 한국어 교과목 설계를 위해 먼저 메타버스의 기술적 유형을 살펴보고, 현재 개발되어 있는 ‘게더타운’과 ‘이프랜드’의 기능을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 메타버스 플랫폼을 통해 한국어 교과목을 진행하는 것이 가능함을 밝혔다. 그리고 의사소통 과제를 기반으로 한 ‘맥락적 시나리오’를 구축해야 함을 주장하고, 각 시나리오에 따른 4단계의 수업 모형을 제시하였다. 향후에는 이러한 수업 모형을 실제 교육 현장에서 적용해 봄으로써 그 효과성을 입증하는 연구가 후속되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of developing a metaverse-based Korean language subject reflecting the changing teaching/learning environment of university and the diversified characteristics and needs of foreign learners. Even though the utilization of the so-called metaverse in the field of Korean language education is still in its early stages, target language learning based on concrete and direct experience is very effective, just as emphasized in ‘The Cone of Experience’, Thus, if students can learn the Korean language through the metaverse based on such programs as Virtual Worlds and Mirror Worlds, it would help them increase their actual communication skills to a great extent. In order to design a metaverse-based Korean language subject, this study first examined the technical types of the metaverse, and then analyzed the functions of Gather.town and ifland, both of which are currently being developed. As a result, this study revealed the possibility of conducting a Korean language subject through the metaverse platform. After arguing for the necessity of establishing a ‘contextual scenario’ based on communication tasks, this study also presented a four-step instructional model according to each scenario. In the future, there should be follow-up research that proves the effectiveness of this instructional model by applying it to the actual education field.

학령 전기 아동의 부사 발달과 빈도 정보

류선숙(Seon Suk Ryu),차재은(Jae Eun Cha) 한국어학회 2014 한국어학 Vol.65 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the information of types and tokens of adverbs in spoken language of korean preschoolers. 300 utterances of 80 typically developing children from 2 to 5 year-old age group, 20 from each, were selected from Nazarene spoken language corpus. Types and tokens of adverbs were measured from total of 65,787 eojuls. Differences in each word class of adverbs, based on age groups, were evaluated. The list of adverbs of high frequencies was shown. The result of the analysis are as follow: First, the ratio of types and tokens of adverbs in total vocabulary was 7.3% and 6.7%, respectively. Second, the types and tokens of adverbs were increased according to the age increase. The differences of types and tokens of adverbs based on age were significant only between 2 year-old group and others. These results shows that the development of adverbs from 2 to 3 years-olds are significant. Third, only a limited number of types of adverbs were used with high frequencies in the word list. That means preschoolers used several adverbs repetitively. The results from this study could be used for analysing the vocabulary and syntactic development in children.

대학 내 학문 목적 한국어 학습자를 위한 교양한국어 교재 개발 기초 연구

류선숙 ( Ryu Seon-suk ),김민경 ( Kim Min-kyung ),전형길 ( Jeon Hyeong-gil ) 한국어문학국제학술포럼 2021 Journal of Korean Culture Vol.55 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 국내 대학에 재학 중인 외국인 유학생들의 학문적 한국어 숙달도 신장을 위한 교재 개발 방향을 모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 국내 주요 대학의 한국어 교과목 개설 및 교재 개발 현황을 파악하고 서울 소재 A대학의 외국인 학부생 345명을 대상으로 교양한국어 교재 개발에 대한 요구 조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과, 숙달도를 고려한 등급별 교재 개발과 기능 수행 및 학문적 과제 활동을 위한 언어지식 강화형 교재에 대한 요구가 높은 것을 확인하였다. 이에 본고에서는 등급별 교양한국어 교재 개발과 대학 생활 적응 및 학업 수행 지원, 대학 교과 내용 및 기초지식 함양이라는 교재 개발의 방향성을 제시하였으며 학문 맥락의 실제적인 의사소통 과제 속에서 자연스럽게 언어 지식을 익히도록 하는 ‘의사소통 과제 중심의 언어지식 강화형’ 교재 모형을 도출하였다. This study aimed to explore the direction of development of textbooks to improve Korean language competency of foreign students studying in Korean universities. For this, the author explored and identified opening of Korean language subjects in major Korean universities and the status of textbook development. The author conducted a demand survey on the development of textbooks of Korean language as liberal arts for 345 foreign undergraduates. Based on the results, the author could confirm the necessity for development of a textbook for step-by-step and concentrative Korean language education conducted within universities currently. It was found that the demand for development of textbooks by grades in consideration of differences of competency, functioning and linguistic knowledge-strengthening textbooks was high among undergraduates. Therefore, this paper suggested a direction for development of textbooks for Korean language as liberal arts, adaptation to university lives and support for studying as well as textbook contents and basic knowledge enhancement. It derived ‘communication-based linguistic knowledge strengthening’ that would enable the students to naturally acquire linguistic knowledge in actual communication tasks in the context of learning.

외국인 유학생 대상 플립드 러닝 기반의 온라인 토론 수업 사례 및 효과성에 관한 연구

류선숙(Ryu SeonSuk),안정호(Ahn JungHo),허유경(Hur You Kyoung),임형옥(Lim Hyung Ok) 한국교양교육학회 2021 교양교육연구 Vol.15 No.6

이 연구의 목표는 ‘플립드 러닝(Flipped learning)’을 온라인 학습 상황에 적용할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고 그 효과성을 밝히는 데에 있다. 이에 따라 국내 대학의 외국인 유학생들을 대상으로 하여, 온라인 토론 수업에서 플립드 러닝을 적용한 수업 사례를 제시하고자 하였다. 이 연구에서 제안한 수업 단계는 ‘사전 학습 – 본 학습 – 심화 학습’의 3단계로 구성된다. ‘사전 학습’에서 학습자들은 대학생으로서 알아야 할 기본 교양지식을 학습한 다음, 스스로 질문을 생성하는 과정을 통해 주체적으로 주제를 이해한다. ‘본 학습’에서는 학습자의 질문에 대한 교수자의 미니 강의와, 학습자들끼리 협력 학습을 통해 질문을 해결하고 토론 논제를 분석하는 과정이 진행된다. 그리고 본격적으로 조별로 토론을 수행하며, 결과를 공유한다. ‘심화 학습’은 교수자의 피드백과 성찰 저널 작성을 통해 전체 과정을 반성적으로 평가하며 학습 결과를 내면화하는 단계이다. 이러한 수업 방식을 한 학기 동안 적용한 후, 학습자들에게 한국어 숙달도별 만족도 조사를 실시하여 효과성을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 새로운 지식을 함양하고 토론 능력을 신장하는 데 도움이 되었다는 응답이 많았다. 다만, 초급 학습자들의 경우에는 언어적 자원이 부족하여 중⋅고급 학습자들에 비해 만족도가 다소 떨어졌다. 향후에는 이러한 부분에 대한 고려가 필요할 것이다. This study aims not only to search for how to apply ‘Flipped Learning’ to online learning situations, but also to prove its relevant effectiveness. In order to achieve the research goals, the study targeted foreign students studying in a domestic university and proposed a case in which Flipped Learning is applied to an online discussion class. The class was composed of three stages, namely Pre-learning, Learning in Progress and Advanced Learning. At the stage of Pre-learning, after acquiring the basic knowledge of culture which they are supposed to know as a university student, the learners autonomously understand a topic in the process of asking themselves questions. At the stage of Learning in Progress, after hearing a short lecture by a professor which addresses some of their questions, the learners get involved in problem-solving and discussion topic-analyzing Afterwards, the learners engage in a group discussion and share their results. At the stage of Advanced Learning, with feedback from the professor, the learners carry out a reflective evaluation and engage in self-evaluation journal writing, and finally internalize their learning results. The study applied the learning method above mentioned for one semester, and verified its effectiveness by conducting a Korean language proficiency-based satisfaction survey on the learners. The findings show that for a majority of students this method helped them attain new knowledge and improved their debating abilities. However, when it came to the beginner learners, their lack of linguistic resources resulted in a decrease of their satisfaction with this program compared with the level of satisfaction found among the intermediate-post intermediate learners. We suggest that this problem be investigated further in following studies.

외국인 학부생의 학업 능력 신장을 위한 교양한국어 교육과정 개발 연구

류선숙 ( Ryu¸ Seonsuk Kim ),김지혜 ( Jihye Kim ),김민경 ( Minkyung ),정미경 ( Jung¸ Mikyung ) 국제한국어교육학회 2020 한국어 교육 Vol.31 No.3

The objective of this study is to suggest measures for designing a curriculum of Korean Language as a General Education course that increases the Korean language ability necessary for academic performance targeting university students. Korean Language as General Education aims to cultivate basic Korean language ability for academic performance within university, and needs to be differentiated from other major fields or common liberal arts while efficiently delivering the educational contents within the limited semester unit. For this, this study defined the concept and category of Korean Language as General Education through a literature review, and analyzed the current operating state of these courses for foreign students. This study further suggested a curriculum with integrated four functions, composed of five sessions in the beginner’s/intermediate/advanced level to intensively deliver the educational contents in a semester. Also, this study suggests measures for strengthening vocabulary and grammar necessary for university life and academic performance, actively utilizing media discourse, and efficiently operating the curriculum within a performance-centered evaluation system. Hopefully, this study could be used for the development of an effective Korean Language as a General education course that could increase the academic ability of foreign students. (Korea University)

한국어 학습자의 작문 자료에 나타난 접속부사 사용 양상 연구 - 빈도 정보를 중심으로 -

류선숙 ( Ryu Seonsuk ) 한국문법교육학회 2017 문법 교육 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the information of types and tokens of conjunctive adverbs in written language of korean learners. To accomplish this purpose, 270 writing discourses of Korean learners from beginner, intermediate, and advance level takers, 90 from each, were selected from 32-34 Test of Proficiency in Korean(TOPIK) written corpus. Types and tokens of conjunctive adverbs were measured from total of 27,405 eojuls. Differences in each word class of conjunctive adverbs, based on proficiency groups, were evaluated. The list of conjunctive adverbs of high frequencies was shown. The result of the analysis are as follow: First, the ratio of types and tokens of conjunctive adverbs in total vocabulary was 0.45% and 1.3%, respectively. Second, the types and tokens of conjunctive adverbs were increased according to the proficiency in Korean. The differences of types and tokens of conjunctive adverbs based on proficiency were significant only between advance level group and others. These results shows that the acquisition and use of conjunctive adverbs from intermediate to advance levels are significant. Third, only a limited number of types of conjunctive adverbs were used with high frequencies in the word list. That means Korean learners used several conjunctive adverbs repetitively in comparison to Korean native speakers. The results from this study could be used for analysing the use of vocabulary in written discourses of korean learners and study Korean writing education methods for Korean learners.

한국어 학습자의 학습 유형과 듣기 불안의 상관관계 연구

김지혜(Kim, Ji-hye),류선숙(Ryu, Seon-suk ),이경(Lee, Kyung) 우리말글학회 2018 우리말 글 Vol.77 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 한국어 학습자의 학습 유형이 듣기 불안에 미치는 영향을 밝히는 것이다. Oxford(1993)은 듣기 불안이 발생하는 원인으로 외국어 학습자들이 매우 비현실적인 듣기 목표와 믿음을 갖고 있기 때문이라고 지적한 바 있다. 본고는 학습자들의 잘못된 듣기 목표와 방법이학습 유형과 관련이 있을 것으로 예측하였다. 이에 학습 유형과 듣기 불안의 관계를 파악해 불안의 원인을 밝히고, 듣기 불안을 최소화하고 듣기능력 신장에 도움을 줄 수 있는 교육 방안 마련에 기여하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 외국인 유학생 137명을 대상으로 학습 유형과 듣기 불안을 측정하는 설문을 실시하고, 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 학습 유형과 듣기 불안은 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며 분석적 학습 유형과 권위지향적 학습 유형의 학습자들이 듣기 불안이 높다는 것을 발견하였다. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of learning style on listening anxiety. Oxford (1993) stated language learners’ unrealistic listening goals and beliefs (i.e. every single word should be listened correctly) cause listening anxiety. The researcher of this study, thus, assumes setting inappropriate listening goals is related to learning styles. And from this, the cause of listening anxiety can be unveiled by analyzing the correlation between learning styles and listening anxiety, and a helpful teaching method that improves listening competence can be suggested. A survey designed to measure listening anxiety and learning style was conducted to 137 international students who study Korean in Korean universities. The findings are a) listening anxiety shows a significant correlation with learning style and b) the students with analytic and authority-oriented learning styles appear to have high listening anxiety.

아동·청소년 대상 한국어 능력 평가 개발 연구 -문항 개발 및 적용을 중심으로-

이정희 ( Junghee Lee ),류선숙 ( Seonsuk Ryu ),이경 ( Kyung Lee ),김정숙 ( Chungsook Kim ) 이중언어학회 2018 이중언어학 Vol.70 No.-

This study aims to develop the question items of the test of proficiency in Korean for children and Adolescent learners. There is a lot of difficulty developing the evaluation with which children and adolescents’ Korean proficiency is accurately tested and examined. Particularly, when the test is administered in foreign countries whose social and cultural traits are different from Korea’s, the question items have to be developed considered with the learners’ linguistic and environmental characteristics. In this respect, This study was conducted as follows. First, three stages was repeated as development, review, and correction of test questions, and eventually the evaluation items was developed by section in two levels. Second, a simulation test was conducted with an area and a group of learners with representative characteristics. Third, through statistically analysis of collected data and the way of modification could be drawn. Based on it, this study could map out the improvements on test duration, question types, and difficulty level of the test of proficiency in Korean for the children and adolescent learners abroad. These findings will contribute to paving a ground for the principles and orientation of developing the questions for the test and lead to the stable development of the questions. (Kyung Hee University·Korea University·Honam University·Korea University)

인포그래픽스(infographics)의 학습 효과 분석 -한국어 중급 학습자를 대상으로-

김지혜 ( Jihye Kim ),류선숙 ( Seonsuk Ryu ) 국제한국어교육학회 2016 한국어 교육 Vol.27 No.3

Infographics which contain a lot of information in a visual form are reading material that most clearly shows the reading process and purposes of modern people. Although the use of infographics in Korean classes is minimum, the importance of infographics in other educational areas is getting bigger. Infographics helps readers quickly understand the information, and expand the readers’ knowledge system. Following previous studies about the educational effect of infographics as Korean reading materials, this research tries to examine the effectiveness of infographics for intermediate-level Korean learners via an experiment. As a result of the experiment, this paper found that the learners efficiently obtained information and knowledge with infographics. This tells us that the visual information structures in infographics has a positive effect on understanding and reconstructing meaning. In addition, based on the fact that the learners regarded infographics as an interesting and attractive reading material, this research found that infographics are effective for learning motivation. (Busan University of Foreign Studies, Korea University)