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김희열 ( Hee Youl Kim ),곽근재 ( Keun Jae Kwank ) 국제지역학회 2012 국제지역연구 Vol.16 No.4
FTA의 상품교역분야에서 원산지결정기준과 증명방법 그리고 검증방식은 상호 밀접한 연관성을 갖고 있으며, 가장 중요하고 핵심적인 내용이라 할 수 있다. 원산지 요건의 충족여부와 증명방법의 적정성에 대한 사후 검증의 결과에 따라 상품 분야에 대한 특혜관세의 혜택 여부가 달라질 것이기 때문이다. 이 논문에서는 NAFTA 발효 이후 광범위하고 다양하게 나타난 미국의 원산지검증 사례들을 유형별로 구분하여 각 유형별 대표적인 검증사례를 분석하였다. 특히, 검증사례의 유형별 쟁점사항과 관련규정들을 살펴봄으로써 한·미 FTA 협정에서는 어떠한 함의를 내포하고 있는지, 나아가 우리나라 수출기업이 한·미 FTA의 협정에 따른 원산지 검증에 유형별로 어떻게 대응해야 할지, 그 시사점을 찾아보았다. 분석결과 우리는 다음과 같은 결론에 도달하였다. 첫째, 한·미 FTA는 자율발급방식이므로 원산지증명의 정확한 발급에 신경쓰야 하며, 검증 요청이 있을 때는 근거자료를 충분히 숙지하고 준비해 두어야 한다. 둘째, 현장방문을 통해 원산지 사실을 확인받을 때는 특히 완벽한 준비가 필요하며, 부족한 과정을 검토하여 보충해야 한다. 셋째, 원산지결정기준의 세번변경과 관련해서는 정확한 품목분류가 선행되어야 하며, 부가가치기준에서는 원산지관리프로그램의 활용이 매우 중요하다. 끝으로, FTA협정문과 국내법이 정하고 있는 불복절차를 적극 활용해야 한다. Many people are voicing their concern about ex-post origin verification of the US since Korea-US FTA was in force. In this paper, we try to examine the methods of the origin certification of Korea-US FTA, check procedures and contents pursuant to different methods, and analyse the cases of the origin verification of NAFTA by the US. And then we tried to look for implications of the case analysis. We have come to this conclusion. Firstly, we have to show more concern for the correct issuance of the certificate of origin because Korea-US FTA adopts the method of Self-issuing. Besides, we need to comprehend evidentiary materials completely and have a good supply of those materials when we are asked for verification. Secondly, when we receive the site visit, we should make very ample provision for the origin verification and review its process. Thirdly, accurate item classification has to be preceded in relation to a Change in Tariff Classification. And the practical use of origin management program is very important regarding Value Contents Criterion. Finally, we have to make use of the insubordination procedure that FTAs and domestic laws regulate.
김희열(Hee-Youl Kim),곽근재(Keun-Jae Kwak) 한국관세학회 2014 관세학회지 Vol.15 No.4
Most of previous researchers say that in order to raise consulting efficiency they have to develop consulting techniques and find the consulting improvement plan after limiting the scope of consulting to the management of origin. In this paper we tried to seek for the improvement methods of the FTA consulting efficiency through a survey of small and midsize businesses on the consulting range, the role allocation of expert consultants, and the consulting system. The results of study are as follows. We concluded that it is desirable to extend the range of consulting, to diversify the promotion method of consulting and devide roles by putting expert consultants in phases and by field. For example, we have come to conclusion that the efficiency of FTA consulting can be raised in case of carrying out a consistent(not transient) consulting, after building education infra for the consulting diversity and maintaining closer cooperation systems among the customer broker-related organization-educational institution.
점막하 구개열 환자에서 비강점막의 절개 없이 시행한 연구개 내 근성형술: 증례보고
박정호(Jung Ho Park),김희열(Hee Youl Kim),백진아(Jin-A Baek) 대한구순구개열학회 2021 대한구순구개열학회지 Vol.24 No.1
A submucous cleft palate (SMCP) results from a lack of normal fusion of the muscles within the soft palate. A SMCP is characterized by a bifid uvula, deficient midline muscle with zona pellucida, and osseous notch of the hard palate. When a submucous cleft is present, the muscles of the soft palate may not function properly which places a person at risk for speech problems (such as a hypernasality), middle ear disease, and swallowing difficulties. A SMCP requires surgery, if it causes problems. A velopharyngeal incompetence is a condition which a person cannot prevent air from escaping through the nose during the speech, and requires surgical repair of the palate. Intravelar veloplasty involves reconstruction of the abnormal soft palate muscles, tensor and levator veli palatine muscle. During the surgery, tensor and levator veli palatine muscles were separated from their abnormal attachment and from the oral and nasal mucosa. In this case report, we present a 48 months old child with SMCP who underwent intravelar veloplasty without separating the nasal mucosa.