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김재식,Kim, Jay Sik 대한면역학회 2001 Immune Network Vol.1 No.2
Aging is a senescence and defined as a normal physiologic and structural alterations in almost all organ systems with age. As Leonard Hayflick, one of the first gerontologists to propose a theory of biologic aging, indicated that a theory of aging or longevity satisfies the changes of above conditions to be universal, progressive, intrinsic and deleterious. Although a number of theories have been proposed, it is now clear that cell aging (cell senescence) is multifactorial. No single mechanism can account for the many varied manifestations of biological aging. Many theories have been proposed in attempt to understand and explain the process of aging. Aging is effected in individual by genetic factors, diet, social conditions, and the occurrence of age-related diseases as diabetes, hypertension, and arthritis. It involves an endogenous molecular program of cellular senescence as well as continuous exposure throughout life to adverse exogenous influences, leading to progressive infringement on the cell's survivability so called wear and tear. So we could say the basic mechanism of aging depends on the irreversible and universal processes at cellular and molecular level. The immediate cause of these changes is probably an interference in the function of cell's macromolecules-DNA, RNA, and cell proteins-and in the flow of information between these macromolecules. The crucial questions, unanswered at present, concerns what causes these changes in truth. Common theories of aging are able to classify as followings for the easy comprehension. 1. Biological, 1) molecular theories - a. error theory, b. programmed aging theory, c. somatic mutation theory, d. transcription theory, e. run-out-of program theory, 2) cellular theories - a. wear and tear theory, b. cross-link theory, c. clinker theory, d. free radical theory, e. waste product theory, 3) system level theory-a. immunologic/autoimmune theory, 4) others - a. telomere theory, b. rate of living theory, c. stress theory, etc. Prevention of aging is theoretically depending on the cause or theory of aging. However no single theory is available and no definite method of delaying the aging process is possible by this moment. The most popular action is anti-oxidant therapy using vitamin E and C, melatonin and DHEA, etc. Another proposal for the reverse of life-span is TCP-17 and IL-16 administration from the mouse bone marrow B cell line study for the immunoglobulin VDJ rearrangement with RAG-1 and RAG-2. Recently conclusional suggestion for the extending of maximum life-span thought to be the calory restriction.
면역학적 노화 기전에 관한 연구: T 및 B 세포의 변화
김재식,이원길,서장수,송경은,이중원,이난영,Kim, Jay Sik,Lee, Won Kil,Suh, Jang Soo,Song, Kyung Eun,Lee, Joong Won,Lee, Nan Young,Weksler, Marc E. 대한면역학회 2001 Immune Network Vol.1 No.3
Background: An immunological approach for aging mechanism appears to be important. Lymphocyte subsets analysis in peripheral blood is widely performed to assess the immune status and to diagnose and monitor various diseases. Some lymphocyte subsets are known to change with age, but only few data about age-related reference ragnes for these subsets in healthy individuals have been reported. So we attempted to report reference ranges for these subsets in each age group and review changes of the results with age for the secondary studies about immune cell function as lymphocyte blast transformation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement (VDJ) including recombination activating genes (RAG-1 and RAG-2). Methods: Lymphocyte subset analysis was performed on 302 subjects, 189 males and 113 females with age group of all decades of life. Two color direct immunofluorescene flow cytometry (FCM) was done using $Simultest^{TM}$ IMK-Lymphocyte kit (Becton Dickinson, USA), $FACScan^{TM}$ (Becton Dickinson, USA) and $FACSCalibur^{TM}$ (Becton Dickinson, USA). Lymphocyte subsets analysed were T ($CD3^+$) and B cells ($CD19^+$), helper/inducer T ($CD4^+$) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells ($CD8^+$), helper/suppressor ($CD4^+/CD8^+$) ratio and natural killer (NK) cells ($CD3^-CD16^+/CD56^+$). The absolute numbers of each subset were calculated from total lymphocyte counts. Data collected was analysed using SAS 6.12. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We reported the counts and percentages of lymphocyte and these subsets in each age group. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female subjects. The percentage of $CD4^+$ T cells, and the count of NK cells did not show the significant difference among the various age groups. The age-related changes observed in our study were as following: 1) a decrease in the percentages of T cells, B cells and $CD8^+$ T cells ; 2) a decrease in the counts of B cells and $CD8^+$ T cells ; 3) an increase in the percentage and count of NK cells ; and 4) an increase in the $CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio. Conclusion: The characteristics of aging process appeared to be showing a marked decrease of lympocyte subsets T and B cells as well as T8 ($CD8^+$). The age-related increase of the percentage of cells bearing NK marker can be interpreted as a compensatory consequence to cope with the decrease of T cells related to the thymic involution. These changes with age appeared to be for the secondary study about immune cell function as lymphocyte blast transformation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.
면역전기영동지지체(免疫電氣泳動支持體) System의 개량(改良)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)
김영태 ( Young Tai Kim ),김재식 ( Jay Sik Kim ) 대한임상검사과학회 1982 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.14 No.1
현대의학에 있어서 대부분의 검사실에서는 전기영동법을 거의 일상검사로 시행하고 있으며, 매우 간편화된 방법과 더불어 면역전기영동법의 입상적 이용도 날로 증가되고 있다. 연자들은 개량만능전기영동지지체킷트의 제작을 시도하여 재생 X선 필름 Agarose-K및 개량만능 전기영동주형을 만들었다. 폐기 X선 필름을 재생하여 투명화시켜 지지체판으로 사용하였다. Bacto-agar로부터 Agarose-K를 순수 분리하여 전기영동지지체로 사용하였다. 개량만능전기영동주형을 고안하여 양측 검체첨가부와 항혈청구의 연장으로 완전한 면역전기영동상이 나타나도록 개량하였다. 면역천거영동상은 우수하였고 침강윤들은 개별적으로 분해식별이 가능하였으며 특히 다발성골수종의 확인 및 형별(typing)이 가능하였다. 면역전기영동상의 최종결과는 필름 그대로를 영구표본으로서 보존이 편리하게 되었다. In modern medicine, the most laboratory performs the serum protein electrophoresis as a routine test and the demand of immunoelectrophoretic study is increasing. The author attempted to prepare an improved universal electrophoresis medium kit composing of all self-made support film , medium and universal electrophoresis template. The waste X-rayfilm was restored to translucent film. The agarose-K was purifided from bacto-agar and used as the medium for the universal electrolyphoresis. The improved universal electrophoresis template was deviced to have eight bilateral serum applications and seven antiserum troughs which were extended fully to the cathode. The resolution of the immunoelectrophoresis was ehnught 20 be improvedand the clinically important precipitate arcs were able to be analyzed individually and the characterization of immunoglobulin abnormality could confirm the diagnosis and typing of multiple myeloma. The final film of the result could be stored conveniently as a permanent preparation.