우리나라 병원의 마케팅 활동수준과 재무성과

한창훈 ( Chang Hoon Han ),김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ) 한국병원경영학회 1999 병원경영학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The main objective oh this paper is to perform an empirical analysis on the relationship between various marketing activities and financial performance of Korean hospitals. A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for 495 hospitals, and data from 218 hospitals were utilized in the final analysis. (response rate : 44%) Survey items include general characteristics of the hospitals (size, type, location), degree of competition, financial performance, marketing organization/ budget, and level of various marketing activities in service development, access improvement, promotion, and pricing. We examine descriptive statistics of the response scores on marketing activities to evaluate the current status of marketing management of Korean hospitals, compare the results across hospital size, type and location, and perform regression analysis to investigate the relationship between marketing and financial performance. Major findings are as follows : 1) About 46% of the responding hospitals gave marketing departments although they are named as 'planning' or 'PR' departments, and the marketing budget on average represents 1.74% of the total expenditures. 2) Average level of marketing activities is calculated to be about 3.32 on 5-point scale, meaning that Korean hospitals implement their marketing programs 'somewhat actively'; however, the scores on the areas of marketing planning and strategy are relatively low. 3) Large hospitals tend to be more active in marketing than small hospitals, and public hospitals' activities in marketing are not lower compared to private hospitals. 4) Level of overall marketing activities is positively related with financial performance measured by various financial indicators except for profitability, implying that marketing is successful in revenue generation but needs to be more cost-effective. Also, when the marketing variables are separately included in the regression, no significant relationship is found, which means that various marketing activities are more effective when they are collectively implemented.

장기균형환율의 결정요인

현준석(Jun Seog Hyun),김원중(Won Joong Kim) 한국무역연구원 2015 무역연구 Vol.11 No.4

Under the Balassa-Samuelson model, the long-run equilibrium exchange rate condition is derived by assuming that the wage in the tradable goods equals that in the non-tradable goods. This paper relaxes this assumption and empirically examines the importance of wage differential between tradable and non-tradable goods in the long-run exchange rate. The cointegration analyses show that, in both nominal won/dollar exchange rate and in nominal effective exchange rate of won, the long-run equilibrium patterns in exchange rates are not found with the classical Balassa-Samuelson model. However, with the wage differential in the model, we find a strong long-run equilibrium in exchange rate. Based on the results, it is suggested that wage differential which also accounts for the differences in the labor market between tradable and non-tradable goods, should be included to analyze the long-run movement in the nominal exchange rate.

제왕절개술 시행 중 조기 예측되어진 폐혈전색전증 1례

김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ),신승주 ( Seung Ju Shin ),장우섭 ( Woo Seob Jang ),김병성 ( Byoung Sung Kim ),김광현 ( Kwang Hyun Kim ),최미영 ( Mi Young Choi ),박찬 ( Chan Park ) 대한주산의학회 2001 Perinatology Vol.12 No.3

위진현학가(魏晉玄學家)의 자연관의 사유체계(思惟體系)와 문론가(文論家)에 끼친 영향 : 유협과 종영(鍾嶸)을 중심으로

김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ) 中國語文硏究會 2005 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.28

인성교육의 회고와 반성

김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ) 경남대학교 교육문제연구소 2014 敎育理論과 實踐 Vol.24 No.-

The purpose of this article was to reflect on the past 20 years of Korean ‘insung’ education. Korea educational reform which was named ‘May 31 Educational Reform Program’ started in 1995. Practice-oriented ‘insung’ education was one of educational reform programs. But its nature was not fully discussed and its meaning was not clearly defined. So there was always many confusion about ‘what it is’ and ‘what the adequate contents and correct methods are’. Confusion did not get resolved and went on to today. Consequently it failed to arrive at a result.

일반원고 : 청소년상담의 현실과 앞으로의 과제

김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ) 경남대학교 교육문제연구소 2006 敎育理論과 實踐 Vol.16 No.-

It is a big problem that Korean school counseling centers have not been often visited by students. According to a survey, just 20.9 percent of the students had ever visited school counseling centers. Another survey showed that 0.8% of adolescents asked professional counselors for help and 4.3% discussed with their teachers when they had problems. Most of them consulted with their friends or mothers. Besides, a study of Korea Youth Counseling Institute showed that among teenagers with counseling experience, only a quarter of them wanted counseling for themselves, and the others were forced to do that by their parents, teachers or the police. Fortunately, online counseling is becoming popular in recent years. Korea Youth Counseling Institute started to provide cyber counseling in 1998, and online clients has increased every year. It`s desirable that online counseling is taking root as one of counseling methods, but it cannot be a perfect alternative to face-to-face counseling. Expecting the former to make the latter unnecessary is dangerous. A lot of youth problems must be handled by face-to-face counseling, not by online one. However, a survey showed that face-to-face counseling was on the decrease lately. It is important to boost face-to-face counseling. To do so, we have some tasks as follows. Firstly, the way teenagers look at counseling center should be changed. They should no longer be forced to come to counseling center by others. And the fact that the objects of counseling are not troublemakers but people who have worry and anxiety should be remembered. School counseling centers should stop calling and scolding troublemakers. Instead, they should be dedicated to a small number of voluntary clients, and the best way to publicize counseling center is through the word of mouth among those who have been helped by it.

미국 경제충격의 국내 경제 파급효과 분석

김원중(Won Joong Kim) 한국경제연구학회 2010 한국경제연구 Vol.28 No.3

2000년 후반 한국을 포함한 전 세계는 미국발 서브프라임 모기지 충격으로 인하여 금융시장뿐만 아니라 실물경제에도 커다란 타격을 받았다. 하지만 이러한 서브프라임 모기지 충격은 외생적으로 발생했다기보다는 미국 내 다양한 거시변수들과의 내생적인 관계 속에서 발생했다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 구조적 자기회귀모형을 이용하여 우선적으로 부동산관련 지표를 포함한 미국 주요 거시변수들 간의 내생적인 관계를 파악하고 각 미국 거시분야의 순수한 외생적인 충격들이 미국 변수들에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보았다. 이후 미국경제는 한국에 영향을 미치지만 한국경제는 미국경제에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않는다는 블록외생성(block exogeneity) 가정을 통해 부동산 충격 등 미국의 경제충격들이 한국경제에 미치는 영향과 한국의 거시충격들이 한국경제에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 미국경제의 충격이 한국경제에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서는 각 충격들에 대한 한국경제의 반응뿐만 아니라 각각의 충격들이 한국경제의 변동성에 어느 정도의 영향을 미쳤는지에 대한 중요도 분석도 중요하다. 따라서 본고에서는 분산분석을 통해 각 경제충격들의 동태적 상대적 중요도를 살펴보았다. 분석결과 한국은 미국의 생산, 금리, 실질통화, 주가 등에 있어서는 미국과의 동조화가 이루어지고 있는 반면, 명목통화에 있어서는 미국과의 동조화 정도는 약한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 한국 경제변수들은 미국발 경제충격들에 의해서 다양하게 영향을 받고 있으며, 영향의 정도도 상이한 것으로 나타났다. Throughout the media, it is often said that the Korean and the world economies in the late 2000 have experienced economic turmoil both in the financial and real sectors due to a collapse in the U.S. housing market. However, it is not clear how the U.S. macroeconomics are endogenously related and a pure U.S. exogenous shocks, after controlling for the endogeneity among them, affect not only other U.S. macroeconomic variables, but also Korean economy. This paper first analyzes how U.S. macro-economic shocks affect the Korean economy using structural VAR model with block exogeneity assumption. Specifically, by assuming that Korea, as a small country, have no economic impact on U.S. economy, and by theoretically imposing long-run identifying restrictions on the U.S. economic system, the U.S. economic shocks are uniquely identified. By allowing for the impacts of U.S. economic variables and by imposing the economic ordering within the Korean system, Korean economic shocks are also uniquely identified. When analyzing the economic impact of U.S. shocks on the Korean economy, not only the signs of responses of Korean economic variables to U.S. shocks are important but also the magnitude of impact of those shock on the Korean economy. So, I analyze the relative magnitude of importance of U.S. economic shocks on the Korean economy using the variance decomposition method. The results show that the Korean economy shows the co movements in the production, real interest rate, real money and the stock price with the U.S. However, the degree of comovement in the nominal money supply seems weak between Korea and the U.S. Finally, I found that the Korean economy is affected by different shocks from the U.S. and the channel and the degree of impacts on Korean economy by U.S. shocks vary.

담석증의 임상적 고찰

김원중(Won Joong Kim),고석환(Suck Hwan Koh),전정열(Jung Youl Chun) 대한외과학회 1984 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.27 No.3

'망각협정'과 스페인의 과거청산

金源中(Kim Won-Joong) 역사학회 2005 역사학보 Vol.0 No.185

The Spanish transition to a democratic regime after Franco's death was unique in several ways. First of all, the leaders of the authoritarian regime initiated a rapid transition to democracy. This new type of democratic transition has been called transition through transaction, underscoring the importance of negotiations and compromises among political elites. And there is a growing consensus that the Spanish transition was largely successful and became a paradigmatic case for the research on consented democratic transition and rapid democratic consolidation. However, when it comes to the reconciliation and how to deal with the tragic past, the Spanish case does not present a successful and desirable model. In spite of the numerous unjust deaths, illegal detentions, tortures, expulsions, and disappearances occurred during the Spanish Civil War and the subsequent Franco's rule, there were no official disputes on those issues so far, let alone truth commissions and human-right trials to judge those responsible for such a infringement. It is probable that the absence of political efforts to deal with the tragic past was, to a certain degree, inevitable. The balance of powers among the political forces in the mid-1970s mattered. Those in power thought that they could not able to stay in the position without, given the Western European context, excessive repressions, while those challenging the regime were not marshal, at least immediately, enough forces to overthrow its opponents. In addition, the majority of the population, who still remembered traumatic experiences of the Civil War, did not want to accept radical changes that might damage the country's much appreciated stability. It should be also taken into account social and political perceptions strongly affected by the traumatic memories of fratricidal conflicts and an obsessive desire to avoid its repetition. However, the issue in question here is that the effect of forgetting, which would be better only temporarily, has long been prolonged. A quarter century has already passed since Spain was democratized, and its far-right wing including the military did not pose political threats any longer. In my view, overcoming the tragic past will not be achieved by Simply forgetting and covering the past events. It is impossible for them to forget all that happened forever. It is imperative to acknowledge any wrongdoing and apologize to the victims in order to grope for veritable reconciliation. Without these reconciliatory efforts that cure and recuperate the traumatic memories, the Spanish democratization would be quite something incomplete.

스페인 역사 교과서의 수정과 국민적 화해

김원중(Kim, Won-Joong) 역사비평사 2014 역사비평 Vol.- No.108

Since the latter part of the 1980s, there has been a major change in writing Spanish history textbooks. The change has to do with how these textbooks describe the periods of the Second Republic, the Spanish Civil War, and the Franco dictatorship. In the past, history textbooks in Spain primarily reflected the position of the Franco regime without presenting the perspectives of other political factions. In the last twenty years, however, textbook authors have taken into account new research into Spanish history and have begun describing historical events more objectively. Consequently, the partiality that characterized the old textbooks―the anti-democratic and pseudo-social explanations of the groups behind the 1936 coup―cannot be found in the new history textbooks. Democracy in Spanish society, which was possible after the death of Franco, led to the almost universal transition from old interpretations to new ones in history textbooks. The more balanced historical descriptions have contributed to reconciliation between the winners and losers of the Spanish Civil War. However, there are still a number of defects that need to be addressed in recently published history textbooks. For example, they still tend to overlook the fact that politicians have taken an ambiguous position toward victims of the past since the death of Franco in 1975. Furthermore, the textbooks pay little attention to the details of reconciliation, their significance and limitations. These flaws need to be rectified soon if the function of the history textbooks to help achieve national reconciliation is to be realized.