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김영오,양홍서,Kim Young-Oh,Yang Hong-So 대한치과보철학회 2004 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.42 No.2
Statement of problem: Major objective in making on implant-supported prosthesis is the production of superstructure that exhibits a passive fit when connected to multiple abutments. One requirement to ensure passive fit is to make an accurate impression. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of master cast fabricated by using different impression methods at the different impression levels. Material and method: The master model used in this study was resin block having low implant analogs. Impression method studied were 1) direct method on fxiture level (Group FIX-D), 2) indirect method on fixture level(Group FIX-I), 3) modified indirect method on fixture level(Group FIX-M), 4) direct method on abutment level(Group AB-D) and 5) indirect method on abutment level(Group AB-I). Each of the five groups took 10 impressions. Fifty impressions were made for master cast by using Impregum $F^{(R)}$ impression material loaded on individual tray. Three dimensional measuring microscope was used to measure the inter-implant distance. Error rate of each inter-implant distance were calculated and evaluated. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Group FIX exhibited higher accuracy than group AB. 2. In group FIX, modified indirect method showed the highest accuracy, while indirect method showed the lowest accuracy. In group Ab, indirect method showed the higher accuracy than direct method. 3. Group FIX showed larger horizontal error than group AB. But, group AB showed the larger vertical error than group FIX. 4. Group Fix-M showed smallest vertical and horizontal error. Conclusion: An impression method have more effect on accuracy of master model than an impression level. A modified indirect method showed smallest vertical and horizontal error.
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김영오,양채열 한국산업경제학회 2011 산업경제연구 Vol.24 No.5
본 연구는 사전적 경영권 방어전략 중 하나인 황금낙하산을 도입하는 기업의 특징과 주주부에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 황금낙하산은 경영권 방어전략뿐만 아니라, 경영자에 대한 보상적 차원의 수단으로 이용되어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 황금낙하산 도입이 경영진과 주주와의 이해를 일치시키는 것인지, 경영자가 참호를 더욱 구축하는 것인지에 관하여 고찰하기 위해 사건연구를 하였는데, 시장은 혼합된 반응을 보이고 있다. 대주주 지분이 낮은 기업에서 황금낙하산 도입 빈도수가 증가하였으며, CAR 분석 결과 시장의 반응이 부정적으로 나타나고 있어 황금낙하산 도입은 경영진 참호구축가설을 지지하고 있다고 할 수 있겠다. 또한 경영자에 대한 감시자의 기능을 하는 외부대주주가 없는 기업에서 황금낙하산을 도입하고 있어, 경영진의 도덕적해이로 인해 황금낙하산을 도입하고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 적대적 M&A에 노출된 기업은 경영진 보상수단으로 또는 경영진 참호구축으로 황금낙하산을 도입할 유인이 있는데, 본 논문에서는 경영진 보상수단으로서의 황금낙하산은 발견할 수가 없었다. 즉 적대적 M&A에 노출된 기업은 경영권 시장의 규율을 회피하기 위한 수단으로 황금낙하산을 도입하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. This paper examines the characteristics of companies and shareholder wealth effects which are associated with the adoption of golden parachutes. Golden parachutes are used as compensation mechanisms for managers as well as anti-takeover defenses. This paper tests for the motives for adopting golden parachutes. We conduct an event study to test whether the adoption of golden parachutes supports the incentive alignment hypothesis or the managerial entrenchment hypothesis. The market shows a mixed response to the event on the announcement date. Based on the cross-sectional analysis of the security market reaction and the analysis of ownership structure, we find the incidence of golden parachutes increases in firms where ownership is less concentrated. Also, negative market reaction to a firm’s adoption of a golden parachute when internal ownership concentration is scarce points to entrenchment as the motive for adopting golden parachutes. The absence of external owners who can act as monitors increases the incidence of golden parachutes in firms, revealing that the motive for adopting golden parachutes stems from the moral hazard of managers. Firms that are vulnerable to hostile takeovers have an incentive to adopt golden parachutes as compensation mechanisms as well as managerial entrenchment tools. But, we do not find the motive for compensating managers in adopting golden parachutes, indicating that firms that are vulnerable to hostile takeovers are likely to adopt golden parachutes as a means of escaping the market discipline.
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특집-막결합형 고온 이상 혐기성 소화공정에서 음폐수 처리 특성
김영오,전덕우 유기성자원학회 2012 유기물자원화 Vol.20 No.3
본 연구에서는 폐기물 자원화 공정에서 발생하는 음폐수를 UF 분리막을 결합한 혐기성 소화 파일럿에서 처리하면서 혐기성 소화효율, 바이오가스 생산량과 운전인자를 도출하였다. 운전방식은 막내부에서 외부로 고액분리가 이루어지는 가압식이었으며, 투과 플럭스는 15∼20 LMH, 막간 차압은 1∼3kgf/cm2 였다. 분리막 운전은 직접순환방식으로 운전한 결과, 메탄조의 수질악화로 간접순환방식으로 운전하였다. 유입수의 TCOD 와 SCOD 는 각각 113 g/L, 62 g/L 이었고, 유출수의 TCOD 와 SCOD는 각각 25 g/L, 12 g/L 이었다. TCOD 및 SCOD 제거효율은 각각 77% 및 81% 였다. 하지만 UF 공정을 추가했을 때는 제거효율이 93% 및 86% 로 증가하였다. In this study, Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor(AnMBR) treating food waste leachate was operated to investigate treatment efficiency of anaerobic process, operational parameters and production of biogas. AnMBR was operated under the condition of filtration type of inside-out mode. AnMBR was operated under the condition that range of permeate flux was from 15 to 20 LMH and range of transmembrane pressure was from 1 to 3 kgf/cm2. It was not good that AnMBR was performed under direct connection between anaerobic reactor and external UF module. so, this connection method changed to indirect connection using buffer tank was placed between anaerobic reactor and UF external module. TCOD and SCOD values were that influent were about 113 g/L, 62 g/L and effluent were 25 g/L, 12 g/L, respectively. also TCOD and SCOD removal efficiency were 77% and 81%, respectively. but after added UF process, TCOD and SCOD removal efficiency was increased to 93% and 86%, respectively.
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