마취법 차이에 따른 백내장 수술 후 눈꺼풀처짐의 발생 비교

김영국,문지영,김성진.Young Kook Kim. MD. Ji Young Moon. MD. Sung Jin Kim. MD 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.9

Purpose: The authors of the present study conducted a comparative analysis of procaine hydrochloride topical anesthesia and Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia to observe orbicularis oculi stress against the eyelid speculum and occurrence of postoperative ptosis. Methods: In 40 eyes of 20 patients, 1 eye underwent a cataract operation by topical anesthesia and the other eye underwent Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesiaDepending on the anesthetic method, the 2 groups were evaluated to determine the difference in marginal reflex distance and levator function after the surgery. Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the mean preoperative MRD1 which was 2.5 ± 0.4 mm and levator function which was 9.0 ± 1.1 mm. After 1 week and 4 weeks, the mean MRD1 on eyes with topical anesthesia was 2.0 ± 0.3 mm and 2.3 ± 0.3 mm, respectively, and the mean MRD1 on eyes with Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia was 2.3 ± 0.2 mm and 2.4 ± 0.4 mm, respectively, which was significantly lower (p = 0.046, 0.042). The levator functions showed no significant differences. The reduction of MRD1 over 2 mm was shown only in the group with topical anesthesia which was significantly higher in comparison to the group with Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia which had none. Conclusions: In cataract surgery, Nadbath-Rehman-Ellis akinesia can reduce damage to the levator aponeurosis decreasing the occurrence of postoperative ptosis. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(9):1226-1230

4성분계 복합 산화물 촉매 이용 메탄의 부분산화에 의한 메탄올 직접 합성

김영국,이광혁,함현식,Kim, Young-Kook,Lee, Kwang-Hyeok,Hahm, Hyun-Sik 한국응용과학기술학회 2014 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Methanol was directly produced by the partial oxidation of methane with four-component mixed oxide catalysts. Four-component(Mo-Bi-Cr-Si) mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation and sol-gel methods. The catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method showed about eleven times higher surface area than that prepared by the co-precipitation method. From the $O_2$-TPD experiment of the prepared catalysts, it was proven that there exists two types of oxygen species, and the oxygen species that participates in the partial oxidation reaction is the lattice oxygen desorbing around $750^{\circ}C$. The optimum reaction condition for methanol production was $420^{\circ}C$, 50 bar, flow rate of 115 mL/min, and $CH_4/O_2$ ratio of 10/1.5, providing methane conversion and methanol selectivity of 3.2 and 26.7%, respectively.

LiYSiO₄: La 열형광체의 온도에 따른 열발광 특성

김영국,Kim, Young-Kook 한국재료학회 2009 한국재료학회지 Vol.19 No.9

The thermoluminescent phosphors of LiYSi$O_4$ containing rare earth metal(La) dopants of 1 wt.%5 wt.% were prepared, and their TL characteristics have been investigated as a function of parameters such as the doping level and the heating rate. The grain size and cooling temperature of the highly sensitive LiYSi$O_4$: La phosphors have been investigated. The glow curve of LiYSi$O_4$: La has two peaks ($P_1,\;P_2$), and the peak height ratio of the two peaks is called $P_2/P_1$; here, the main peak is $P_2$. Experimental results indicate that the peak height ratios of the glow curve for LiYSi$O_4$: La are clearly correlated with the grain size and cooling temperature. The maximum $P_2/P_1$ ratio 3.25, the maximum sensitivity was observed for a grain size between 100-150 ${\mu}m$. The intensity of the TL peak of the phosphors was linearly proportion to the dose of X-rays.

Mg₂SiO₄ 열형광체의 소결공정과 자외선 선량에 대한 TL 특성에 관한 연구

김영국,손인호,김일홍,송재흥,도시홍,강희동,Kim, Young-KooK,Shon, In-Ho,Kim, Il-Hong,Song, Jae-Heung,Doh, Sih-Hong,Kang, Hee-Dong 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.11

$Mg_2$$SiO_4$: Dy, Tb pellets were made by using a sintering process, including pressing and heat treatment. In the present study, the optimum parameters of the sintering for the $Mg_2$$SiO_4$: Dy, Tb pellets obtained such as the pressing pressure, the sintering temperature and the sintering time were in terms of thermoluminescence. Experimental results showed that the main peak of the glow curve for $Mg_2$$SiO_4$: Dy, Tb thermoluminescence dosimeter was clearly correlated with the energy of the UV and with the grain size. The intensity of the TL glow curve increased and its main peak position shifted to lower temperature with increasing UV irradiation time.

불순물을 첨가한 $MgB_4O_7$ 열형광체의 물리적 특성에 관한 연구

김영국,손인호,채건식,이수대,설정식,노경석,송재흥,이상윤,도시홍,Kim, Young-Kook,Sohn, In-Ho,Chae, Kun-Sik,Lee, Su-Dae,Sul, Chung-Sik,Noh, Kyong-Suk,Song, Jae-Heung,Lee, Sang-Yun,Doh, Sih-Hong 한국재료학회 1998 한국재료학회지 Vol.8 No.2

$MgB_4O_7$ 열형광체의 활성체는 란탄계 금속인 Tb, Tm, Dy, La, Ho 및 Nd를 첨가하여 $580^{\circ}C$의 Ar 분위기에서 2시간동안 소결하여 제작하였다. 활성화에너지와 glow 곡선의 주 Peak의 세기는 peak shape법과 초기상승법의 두방법에 의해 결정했으며, 최적활성에너지는 $0.76\pm0.02eV$(Tm 첨가시), $0.94\pm0.03eV$(Tm 첨가시) 및 $0.72\pm0.02eV$(Dy 첨가시)였다. 이들 열형광체들은 저 에너지 X-선에 대해 매우 높은 감도를 나타냈으므로 방사선 센서 소자로 개발하기 위한 기초자료가 될 것으로 생각된다. $MgB_4O_7$: Tb, Tm, Dy, La, Ho and Nd phosphors have been prepared by sintering around $580^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours followed by flowing Ar gas. Activation energy and kinetic order of main peak of glow curve were studied by two methods peak shape method and initial rise method. By these methods, the estimated activation energies were $0.76\pm0.02eV$(Tb doped), $0.94\pm0.03eV$(Tm doped), $0.72\pm0.02eV$(Dy doped), respectively. The TL phosphors prepared in this work may be utilized to radiation sensor elements becaue of their high sensitivity to low energy X-ray.

Detection of Aflatoxins in Soybean Food by HPLC

김영국,노정구,Kim, Young-Kook,Roh, Jung-Koo Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 1985 한국식품과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

고속액체 크로마토 그라피에 CN컬럼과 분리용매로 핵산-테트라 하이드로퓨란-아이소프로필알콜-물을 사용하고 형광 검출기의 검출관에 리클로솔브로 채워 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$를 분리 정량하었다. 이 조건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$의 최저 검출한계는 0.2ng이었다. 대량생산 대두발효 식품과 메주에서 아플라톡신함량을 조시하였고, 대두 발효식품에서 사용되는 균주의 아폴라톡신 생성능을 알아보았다. TLC에서는 아플라톡신 유사물질이 검출되었지만 HPLC에서 아플라톡신이 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 시험한 균주의 아폴라톡신의 생성능은 없었다. Aflatoxin $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, and $G_2$were quantitatively detected by the high pressure liquid chromatography on a Micropak-CN column, with Hexane-THF-IPA-water, using a Lichrosorbpacked flowceil in the fluorometric detector. Under those conditions, the minimum detectable amount of aflatoxin $B_1$ was 0.2 ng. HPLC was used in determining amount of aflatoxins in the commercially manufactured soybean food and home-made Meju. Aflatoxin producing abilities of strains used in the industrially fermented soybean food were also studied with the HPLC technique. Although aflatoxin-like substances were detected in a few samples on TLC, they were not identified with the HPLC retention times of standard aflatoxins. The commercial fungal strains used in Korea had no aflatoxin producing abilities.

기업의 감염병 예방을 위한 BCP 강화방안 연구

김영국,정경옥,양경아,Kim, Young-Kook,Jeong, Kyung-Ok,Yang, Kyung-Ah 대한안전경영과학회 2021 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

As the number of confirmed cases of Covid-19 is not decreasing, it is time for domestic companies to respond preemptively and in terms of business continuity. The purpose of this study is to present measures to strengthen BCP to prevent infectious diseases in the enterprise. In this work, three methods of data investigation are used. The first was to search for keywords in academic databases such as the National Assembly Library and the Korea Research and Information Service to investigate degree papers and academic papers. Second, we investigated literature such as research reports, manuals, and guidelines on infectious diseases. Finally, the researchers visited official websites such as KDCA, MOHW, and MOIS to collect and analyze recent data. BCP In view of the Board, a new risk analysis should be made and a disaster preparedness system tailored to the characteristics of the entity should be established. We need to analyze corporate weaknesses and focus on safety culture. It is also important to look at how customers choose their services and products. Based on this, differentiated service strategies should be presented. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as basic data for companies that want to systematically manage and operate BCP to prevent infectious diseases.

주제(Topic)와 주어(Subject): 영어와 한국어의 비교 연구

김영국 ( Young Kook Kim ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2009 언어연구 Vol.26 No.2

The Korean language uses a strategy of topicalization. The topic in Korean appears in the topic position with a particle `-un/nun.` It always appears clause-initially, or before the subject position. Then what happens to English? Does it have a topic? In this paper, I argue that English also has topicalization. The difference between Korean and English is that in Korean the topic occurs in overt syntactic movement using the particle `-un/nun` while in English it occurs in covert syntactic movement. In English, a topic does not move to the topic position, or before the subject position, syntactically. If an element in a sentence is a topic, it moves to the left of the subject, or the topic position covertly, not overtly. It means that the Korean topic is realized in overt movement while the English topic in covert movement.

경영판단원칙 입법화를 위한 법정책 소고

김영국(Kim Young-Kook) 서강대학교 법학연구소 2021 법과기업연구 Vol.11 No.1

경영판단원칙은 미국에서 판례를 통해 처음 인정된 이후 세계 주요국에서 학술적으로 활발한 논의가 이루어졌으며 실제 판례에 수용되고 있다. 우리나라에서도 판례를 통해 인정되고 있으며 입법화를 위한 주장 등 논의가 활발하다. 이 글에서는 경영판단원칙에 대한 미국과 독일, 오스트리아의 동향을 살펴보고 입법화에 성공한 독일과 오스트리아의 입법배경 및 법규의 내용을 통해 우리 상법에 어떻게 규정하는 것이 타당한 지 검토하였다. 우리 판례는 “통상의 합리적인 이사가 그 당시의 상황에서 적합한 절차에 따라 회사의 최대이익을 위하여 신의성실에 따라 그 직무를 수행하였고, 그 의사결정 과정 및 내용이 현저하게 불합리하지 않다면 그 이사의 행위는 허용되는 경영판단의 재량범위 내에 있다”고 판시하고 있다. 의사결정 과정의 절차가 타당하고 그 내용이 이사가 내릴 수 있는 의사결정의 범위에서 크게 벗어나지 않는다면 경영판단원칙을 허용할 필요가 있을 것이다. 경영판단원칙 도입과 관련하여 형법과 상법적 관점에서의 견해 차이가 있으며, 입법화에 대해서도 견해가 대립하고 있다. 최근의 경영상황이 의사결정의 신속성을 요한다는 점에서 이사가 경영상 판단에 이르게 된 절차를 준수한 상황에서 실제 내린 결정이 합리적이었다면 사법심사의 대상에서 제외하도록 입법할 필요성이 있다고 본다. 궁극적으로 사법심사의 범위를 최소화 하거나 내용 판단의 요소를 절차적 준수에 연동시킴으로서 보다 신속한 경영판단이 이루어지도록 하는 방안의 모색이 필요하다. 이와 관련하여 이 논문은 관련 법적인 쟁점을 검토하였으며 상법상 경영판단원칙의 명문화 방안을 제언하였다. The business judgment rule have been discussed in various forms in major countries around the world since they were first recognized through precedent in the United States. Academic active discussions have been held in many countries and accepted in actual cases. It is also recognized through precedents in Korea, and discussions such as arguments for legislation are active. In this article, we looked at trends in the United States, Germany, and Austria on the business judgment rule and examined how it is appropriate to define our commercial act through the contents of legislative backgrounds and regulations of Germany and Austria. Our precedent states that “a reasonable director performed his/her duties in accordance with the best interests of the company in accordance with the appropriate procedures at the time, and if the decision-making process and contents are not significantly unreasonable, the director"s actions are within the discretion of allowed business judgment.” If the procedures of the decision-making process are reasonable and the contents do not deviate significantly from the scope of decision-making that the director can make, it will be necessary to allow the business judgment rule. There are differences in views from criminal act and commercial act regarding the introduction of business judgment rule, and views are at odds over legislation. Given that the recent business situation requires the swiftness of decision-making, it is necessary to legislate to exclude the decision made if the decision was reasonable when the director complied with the procedures leading to business judgment. Ultimately, it is necessary to seek ways to minimize the scope of judicial review or to link elements of content judgment to procedural compliance so that faster business judgment can be made. In this regard, this paper reviewed related legal issues and proposed a plan to stipulate the business judgment rule under the Commercial Act.

다관절 로봇을 위한 Flexible Joint Mechanism 설계

김영국(Young Kook Kim),김수현(Soohyun Kim),양재민(Jaemin Yang),박종원(Jongwon Park),윤병호(Byungho Yoon),김경수(Kyung-Soo Kim) 한국정밀공학회 2012 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.5월