스포츠폭력의 구조적 맥락과 향후 과제

김동규 영남대학교 교육대학원 2019 국내석사

현재 한국의 스포츠는 김연아, 박지성, 손흥민, 류현진 등과 같은 많은 스포츠 스타들을 탄생시키고 있다. 또한 올림픽, 아시안게임, 월드컵, 등 세계대회에서 좋은 성적을 거두고 상위에 있음으로써 스포츠 강국의 이미지를 보이고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 하지만 한국스포츠의 이면에는 빛에 가려 잘 보이지 않는 그림자처럼 스포츠폭력, 도핑, 승부조작, 성폭행 등과 같은 문제들이 뉴스나 언론을 통해서 수면위로 올라오고 있는 실정이다. 문제가 점점 나타나고 있는 원인에는 예전 시대의 방법에 익숙해진 나머지 계속적으로 사용되고 있기 때문이다. 이는 한국 스포츠가 강국으로 발돋움하기 위한 방법으로 체벌과 훈육을 둔갑한 폭력을 선수에게 단기적으로 빠르게 기능향상, 성적향상, 승리를 하는 방법을 중요시한다는 것을 볼 수 있다. 그로 인해서 체벌과 훈육의 방법외에는 선수들의 능력이나 성적을 향상시키는 방법이 없다는 생각을 가지고 있는 것이 된다. 한국의 상위에 속하는 엘리트스포츠가 아직도 위와같은 상황에 대해서 해결하지 못하는 것은 스포츠 내의 전체에 영향을 미치고 있다고 봐도 무방하다 볼 수 있다. 물론 한국의 스포츠에서도 스포츠폭력에 대한 생각을 가지고 문제를 해결하기 위해서 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 2016년 대한체육회의 스포츠폭력의 실태조사에 따르면 신체적 폭력의 경험이 2010년에는 48.0%, 2012년에는 29.7%, 2014년에는 15.4%, 2016년에는 8.7% 로 점점 감소하는 모습을 볼 수 있다. 하지만 수치상 감소한다고 해서 실질적으로 스포츠폭력이 없어지는 것은 아니다는 것이다. 스포츠폭력은 한 가지의 문제 원인이 생겨서 나타내는 것이 아니라 여러 문제가 연결 고리로 이어져 있기 때문이다. 문제가 제대로 파악되지도 않은 상태에서 스포츠폭력 문제를 해결하기에는 문제가 다시 재기될 수 있게 되며 악순환까지도 이어지기 때문에 근본적인 문제가 무엇인지에 대한 파악이 시급하다. 시간을 오랫동안 할애하게 될 지라도 모든 문제의 원인을 제대로 파악한 후에 해결해야 한다는 것이다. 이 논문에서는 스포츠폭력의 개념과 유형, 사례 등을 검토하면서 이를 토대로 스포츠폭력의 구조적 맥락인 권력관계의 형성, 교육의 후진성, 폭력행위자 조치, 인습적인 사고 등을 파악한 후 향후과제를 제시하고자 한다. 또한 향후과제로는 첫째, 권력관계의 형성에 있어서는 수직적인 관계에서 수평적인 관계의 변화가 이루어져야 한다. 둘째, 교육의 후진성으로 인한 관행적 제도의 인식에 대한 변화가 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 스포츠에 폭력에 대한 인습적인 사고가 변해야 한다. 넷째, 폭력 행위자에 대한 강력한 처벌이 필요함과 동시에 체벌의 기준을 구체적으로 만들어야 한다. 이를 통해서 스포츠폭력이 악순환 되지않고 발생되지 않도록 해야 한다. There are many sports stars in South Korea including Yuna Kim, Ji-sung Park, Heung-min Son and Hyun-jin Ryu. Also, South Korea is creating an image of a sports powerhouse by holding a high rank in international sporting events such as the Olympic Games, Asian Games and World Cup. However, there are various problems beneath the surface of sports in South Korea like sports violence, doping, match-fixing and sexual violence, being revealed by news and press releases. One of the reasons why such problems appear is because familiar traditions are being continued. As a means to become a sports powerhouse, South Korea is committing violence to athletes in the name of punishment and discipline as a means to improve skill and performance in the short term. There is a misconception that punishment and discipline are the only way to improve skill and performance of athletes. Looking at how even elite sports in which South Korea is showing favorable outcomes still have not solved this problem, it is probably prevalent in all sports. The sportsdom of South Korea is placing many efforts to solve the problem of sports violence. According to a survey on sports violence conducted by the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee in 2016, experience of physical violence was gradually decreased from 48.0% in 2010 to 29.7% in 2012, 15.4% in 2014 and 8.7% in 2016. Nonetheless, decrease in this ratio does not actually mean that sports violence will disappear because sports violence is caused by several problems linked together. Since an attempt to eradicate sports violence without properly understanding the related problems can lead to a vicious circle of recurrent problems, it is an urgent task to identify the fundamental problems. Even if it takes long time, it is necessary to examine and solve causes of all problems. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept, types and examples of sports violence, to examine the structural context of sports violence including formation of power relations, backwardness of education, actions against violence offenders and old-fashioned thinking, and to propose future tasks. Future tasks are as follows. First, formation of power relations must undergo transition from vertical relations to horizontal relations. Second, there must be changes in the awareness of traditional systems caused by backwardness of education. Third, old-fashioned thinking about sports violence need to be changed. Fourth, violence offenders must receive strong penalties by establishing specific rules for corporal punishment in sports. Such efforts can break the vicious circle and prevent sports violence.

공시지가 결정 요인에 관한 연구 : 부평구 주택재개발구역을 중심으로

김동규 인하대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

국 문 요 약 공시지가 결정 요인에 관한 연구 - 부평구 주택재개발구역을 중심으로 - 김동규 인하대학교 대학원 도시계획학과 본 연구의 목적은 주택재개발구역 내 공시지가와 실거래가격을 비교 분석하여 차이점을 확인하고 공시지가 형성의 기준이 되는 토지특성항목별 요인 분석을 통하여 개선방향을 제시하고자 함이다. 주택재개발구역의 경우 미래의 가치를 반영하여 거래되는 실거래가격에 비하여 공시지가가 상대적으로 낮아 가격의 차이로 인하여 공시지가의 신뢰성이 떨어져 있는 실정이다. 따라서 실거래가격의 현실적인 반영을 위한 합리적인 공시지가 결정 체계 및 제도가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 지가제도 시행에 따른 공시지가 결정에 기준이 되는 토지특성항목이 가격 반영에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하여 모형을 제시하였다. 선행연구와 이론적 고찰을 통한 연구방향 및 가설을 제시하였으며 가설을 검증하고자 종속변수인 공시지가와 독립변수인 토지특성항목과의 요인별 관계 확인을 위한 연구모형을 설정하였다. 연구방법으로는 첫째 인천광역시 내 가장 많은 주택재개발구역이 있는 부평구의 구역 중 3개 구역인 부평목련아파트주변구역, 청천1구역, 청천2구역을 포함하여 부평구 공시지가 담당 감정평가사 및 연구기간 내 부평구의 보상평가를 담당한 법인의 감정평가사 등 총 37명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문 문항으로는 5점 기준 리커트척도화하여 실거래가격과 공시지가의 차이 및 토지특성항목 반영 요인을 확인하는 것으로 구성하였다. 둘째 연구대상지를 기준으로 3개 구역 전체 1,909필지 중 69.7%로 가장 많은 지목을 차지하는“대”를 기준으로 부평목련아파트 35필지, 청천1구역 424필지, 청천2구역 872필지, 총 1,331필지를 대상으로 토지특성항목의 수치를 측정하여 수집된 자료를 기준으로 상관관계분석 및 다중회귀분석을 통하여 독립변수와 종속변수와의 관계 및 영향성을 분석하였다. 셋째 3개 구역“대”지목 필지의 평균가격을 기준으로 공시지가 산정지침에서 규정하고 있는 계획, 이용상황, 형상, 방위, 접면 등을 토지가격비준표에 의거 가격산정 시스템에 적용함으로서 변동된 가격을 비교 분석하여 토지특성항목의 단계별 가격 변화를 확인하였다. 공간적 범위는 부평구의 3개 주택재개발구역이며 시간적 범위로 2011년도부터 2016년도를 기준으로 설정하였다. 분석단위는 측정가능한 수학적 단위인 비율(%), 거리(m), 높이(m), 각도(°)등으로 규정하였으며 수치분석도구로는 지적도 및 수치지형도, 통계분석도구로는 SPSS 18.0을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 실증 분석 결과는 첫째 설문조사 결과 5점 기준 리커트척도화를 활용한 분산 분석에 따라 공시지가와 실거래가격 차이 및 문제점 이 있음을 확인하였다. 이에 따라 실거래가격의 상응하는 공시지가 결정에 따른 토지특성항목 수정의 필요성도 나타내고 있어 가격 불균형 및 공시지가 결정요인의 개선안이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째“대”지목을 기준으로 3개 구역인 부평목련아파트주변구역 35필지, 청천 1구역 424필지, 청천 2구역 872필지, 총 1,331필지를 대상으로 공시지가와 토지특성항목 간의 관계 및 영향성은 일부 항목에 편중된 결과를 보이고 있었다. 결과에 따르면 공시지가 가격결정에 있어 용도지역 및 이용상황, 형상, 접면 등이 정관계의 영향성을 보이고 있으나 영향력은 상이한 차이점을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 공시지가 산정의 기준이 되는 토지특성항목이 다양하지 못하고 일부항목에 편중되어 있어 균등하게 가격을 반영하지 못한 것이 원인이었다. 셋째 분산 분석 결과 분석대상 항목 중 이용상황 및 접면 등이 단계별 변동에 따른 정관계의 가격반영을 보이고 있었으며 기타 항목의 경우 단계에 따라 동일하거나 불규칙한 가격반영을 보이고 있었다. 이는 토지특성항목의 가격 반영이 항목에 따라 차이가 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구의 정책적 함의로는 첫째 실거래가격과 공시지가의 차이를 해소 할 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 토지의 가치를 규정하는 사회적 환경과 국민의 의식 변화를 지가제도에 적용해야 할 필요성이 요구된다. 최근 공시지가의 급격한 상승에 따라 지역별 실거래가격과 공시지가 차이의 불균형이 심화되고 있으며 특히 연구결과 주택재개발구역의 경우 동일한 기초단체 내 지역에서 조차도 실거래가격과 공시지가 차이가 150%에 이르렀다. 따라서 주택재개발구역의 정확한 실거래가격 조사 자료를 근거로 합리적인 공시지가 결정 제도가 마련되어야 한다. 둘째 공시지가 결정을 위한 토지특성항목의 다양성 확보 및 합리적인 반영체계가 필요하다. 토지이용의 변화와 토지 가치의 인식변화에 따른 반영 항목을 대체하거나 수정하여야 하며 가격 반영요인이 일부 항목에 편중되지 않도록 개선해야 한다. 특히 주택재개발구역의 경우 실제 거래에 있어 중요한 기준이 되는 토지특성항목 등이 공시지가에 반영되지 않는 문제점을 해결하여 지가제도의 신뢰성을 회복하여야 한다. 본 연구의 한계는 대상지역을 부평구 3개 주택재개발구역으로 한정함에 따라 분석 결과를 국토 전체로 일반화하기엔 부족하다는 점이다. 그러나 연구 대상지 담당 감정평가사의 설문조사 결과와 변수로 설정한 필지별 항목을 지적도와 수치지형도를 활용하여 실측한 토지자료를 근거로 종합적인 분석결과를 제시하고 있음으로 공시지가제도 개선의 객관적인 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대할 수 있을 것이다. 주요어 : 주택재개발구역, 공시지가, 실거래가격, 결정요인 Abstract A Study on Determinants of Public Land Price - Focused on the Housing Redevelopment Area in Bupyeong – gu - Kim, dongkyu Dept. of Integrated Urban Planning Graduate School of Inha University The purpose of this study is to compare the public land price and the actual transaction price in the housing redevelopment area and to identify the difference and to present the necessity and the direction of improvement of the characteristic item through the factor analysis of the land property item It is. This study presents the model by analyzing the factors affecting the price reflectance of the land characteristics item which is the basis of land price determination according to the land price system implementation. Therefore, we analyze whether the reflection of land price is reflected properly and equally in order to recover the reliability of the public land price system and realistic price determination of public land price due to the difference of actual transaction price. For the analysis, research directions and hypotheses were presented through previous studies and theoretical considerations. In order to test the hypotheses, a research model was established to confirm the factorial relationship between the dependent variable, the official land price, and the independent variable, the land property item. First, 37 appraisers were assigned to the Bupyeong Mokreun apartment area, Cheongcheon 1 area, and Cheongcheon 2 area in Bupyeong area, which has the largest number of housing redevelopment areas in Incheon Metropolitan City. The results were as follows. For the questionnaire items, we constructed a 5 - point Riccart scale to identify the difference between the actual transaction price and the official price and the factors reflecting the land characteristics. Second, based on the "study area", which accounts for 69.7% of the 1,909 parcels in all three districts, the Bupyeong Mokreun apartment area 35 parcels, Chungcheon 1 area 424 parcels, Cheongchon 2 area parce 872 parcels, and 1,331 parcels And the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables were analyzed through correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis based on the collected data. Third, by applying the plan, usage situation, shape, bearing, and interface defined in the Guidelines for calculating the official price based on the average price of the land parcels of the three districts to the price calculation system based on the land price ratification table, And analyzed the price change of the land characteristics item by stage. The standard of the study is set as a spatial range based on the three housing redevelopment zones and temporal ranges of Bupyeong - gu from 2011 to 2016. The analysis units are the measurable mathematical units (%), distance (m), height (m) , And angle (°). SPSS 18.0 was used for numerical analysis and cadastral maps. As a result of the empirical analysis of this study, it was confirmed that there is a difference between the official price and the actual transaction price due to the analysis of variance using the five - point Likert scale and the real estate price It is necessary to revise the determinants of price imbalance and public land price. Second, the relationship between the public land price and the land characteristics and the influence of the land property category on the 35 land parcels of Bupyeong Mokreun apartment area 424 parcels in Chungcheon 1 area, 872 parcels in Chungcheon 2 area, Respectively. According to the results, the use area, usage situation, shape, and interface of the official price were found to be influential in determination of official price. This is due to the lack of diversity of land characteristics, which is the basis for calculation of official land price, and the fact that prices are not reflected equally because they are concentrated on some items. Third, the relationship between the public land price and the land characteristics was influenced by some items. According to the results, the use area, usage situation, shape, and interface of the official price were found to be influential in determination of official price. This is due to the lack of diversity of land characteristics, which is the basis for calculation of official land price, and the fact that prices are not reflected equally because they are concentrated on some items. The policy implication based on the results of the study is as follows: First, there is a need to resolve the gap between the actual transaction price and the official price. The social environment that defines the value of land and the necessity of applying the change of people 's consciousness to the land price system are required. In recent years, the imbalance between the actual transaction price and the official land price has been worsening due to the rapid increase in the official land price. Especially, in the case of the residential redevelopment area, the difference between the actual transaction price and the public land price reached 150% even in the same basic group. Therefore, a reasonable land price determination system should be established based on accurate real-time price survey data of the housing redevelopment area. Secondly, it is necessary to secure diversity of land characteristics and rational reflection system for land price determination. Changes in land use and land value recognition should be replaced or revised, and the price reflecting factors should be improved so as not to bias some items. In particular, in the case of the redevelopment area of the housing, the problem of the land property item, which is an important criterion in the actual transaction, is not reflected in the official price, and the reliability of the land price system should be restored. Finally, the limitation of this study is that it is not enough to generalize the analysis result to whole country by limiting the target area to the redevelopment area of the Bupyeong area. However, as the result of the questionnaire survey by the appraisers of the study site and the items of the parcels set as the variables are presented based on the land survey data using the cadastral maps and the digital topographical maps, they are used as objective data for improvement of the official land price system You can expect to be. Key Words : Hosuing Redevelopment Area, Standard Land Price, Real Price, Decision Point

저온조건 변화가 콘크리트의 초기동해 깊이에 미치는 영향 및 깊이판정

김동규 청주대학교 산업경영대학원 2018 국내석사

In this study, we assume the case of poor curing in winter, and the effect of the initial low degree on the depth of early frost damage and trying to judge the depth of the early frost damage It is a purpose. In other words, when suffering damage by early frost damage, a difference in absorption occurs, but in the process of drying it is trying to analyze whether it is possible to visually distinguish the difference of all early frost damage parts. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The lower the initial curing degree, the more the degree of the upper part of the concrete was drastically reduced, and it was sensitive to the degree. Also, there was a time when the degree of concrete was recovered by freezing regimen. (2) In the case of damage by early frost damage, it was found that the lower the initial degree of curing, the more the freezing expansion was added, and the absorption rate was added by the relaxation of the concrete structure. It showed that the damage depth of the early frost damage is added, but this was analyzed that the low curing degree of the concrete greatly affected the depth of the early frost damage. (3) Due to the swelling of the concrete structure due to the expansion due to the freezing during the drying process of the core test, the drying time was lengthened. Also, at around 40 minutes drying time, the difference between all early frost damage parts was greatly observed, confirming that it can be quantified by measuring the brightness using this spectral colorimeter did. In addition, early frost damage was added when mixing cement was used more than in the case of 100% OPC as the initial lower degree of curing. Moreover, we could grasp the depth of early frost damage by the difference in lightness with the time excess between the suspected part of the damage and the healthy part using the spectral colorimeter. In particular, in the case of dry examination after flooding, it was found that the difference in brightness between the suspected part of the damage and the healthy part is clear.

GSD 25cm급 항공영상을 활용한 1/1,000 수치지도 갱신 적정성 분석

김동규 서울시립대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내석사

21세기 지식정보화시대로 접어든 후 공간정보는 구축과 관리중심에서 유통과 활용중심으로 발전해 사회 전반에 걸쳐 광범위하게 활용되고 있다. 최근 자율주행 자동차, 드론길 구축 등 다양한 산업 분야에서 기본 인프라로써 공간정보의 중요성이 크게 부각되고 있다. 특히 1/1,000 수치지도는 GIS 관련 분야의 기반 자료로써 도시계획, 입지선정, 시설물 관리 등 다양한 정책결정과 행정 관리 업무에 활용하므로 정확성 및 최신성의 확보가 매우 중요하다. 그러나 현재의 소규모적인 수정·갱신 방법으로는 급격한 도시화로 인한 지형의 변화를 신속하게 수치지도에 반영하기 어렵고 갱신주기도 일정하지 않아 처음 제작 후 유지·관리에 어려움이 많다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 국토지리정보원에서 매년 전국을 2개 권역으로 나누어 촬영하고 있는 GSD 25cm급 항공영상을 사용하여 1/1,000 수치지도의 수정·갱신 가능성을 분석하고 그 방안을 제시하였다. 실험 대상지인 여주시 대신면 일대에 대해 GSD 25cm급의 항공영상을 촬영하고, 수치지도 수정·갱신 지침에 따라 제작한 1/1,000 수치도화 원도에 대한 정성적·정량적 평가를 통해 그 한계성과 가능성을 분석하였다. 정성적 분석 결과는 GSD 25cm급 항공영상을 사용하여 1/1,000 수치지도를 제작했을 때 항공영상에 명확하게 나타나지 않거나 크기가 작은 객체는 도화 묘사 시 도화사의 개인적 판독 기준에 따라 표현방법의 차이가 확인되었다. 그리고 도로 포장 재질, 색상, 노면에 발생하는 빛 반사 등의 원인으로 맨홀, 전주 등 특정 레이어에 대한 누락 등이 발생하였다. 이를 보완하기 위해서는 준공도면, 도로 및 지하시설물도 등을 참조하는 등 별도의 보완 방법에 관한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 정량적 분석에서는 기존 GSD 12cm급 항공영상으로 제작한 1/1,000 수치지도를 기준으로 설정하고 GSD 25cm급 항공영상을 사용하여 제작한 1/1,000 수치도화원도의 정확도를 평가한 결과, 상대묘사오차는 평면 ±0.206m, 표고 ±0.192m, 등고선 ±0.209m로 확인하였다. 정량적 분석 결과를 수치지도 최종 기대정확도 식에 따라 계산해 보면 최종적인 기대 정확도는 평면 ±0.436m, 표고 ±0.245m, 등고 ±0.259m로 산출되어 현행 1/1,000 수치지도 최종 정확도인 평면 ±0.700m, 표고 ±0.300m, 등고선 ±0.500m의 범위 내에 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 국가기본도 수정이나 정사영상제작에 국한되어 사용되던 GSD 25cm급 항공영상은 현행 규정상 전면적인 신규제작에서의 사용은 어렵겠지만 부분적인 1/1,000 수치지도의 수정·갱신에는 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. The 21st century, In the era of information and knowledge, spatial information has been developed from the center of construction and management to the center of distribution and utilization and widely used throughout the society. Recently, the importance of spatial information has been greatly emphasized as a basic infrastructure in various industrial fields such as self-propelled vehicles and drones . Especially, 1/1,000 digital map is the base data of GIS related field and it is very important to ensure the accuracy and up-to-date because it is used for various policy making and administrative management tasks such as city planning, site selection, and facilities management. However, it is difficult to quickly reflect the change of the terrain due to rapid urbanization with currently applied update method. In order to solve this problem, this study analyzed the possibility of revision and update of 1/1,000 digital map using GSD 25cm aerial image which is obtained annually by the National Geographic Information Institute. GSD 25cm aerial images were taken for the area of ​​Yeoju city and the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the 1/1,000 digital map prepared according to the guidelines for revising and updating the digital map was conducted to evaluate the limit and possibility. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that, when 1/1,000 digital map was made using GSD 25cm aerial image, the difference in expression occurred according to the individual reading standard. Furthermore, due to the light reflection on the road pavement material, color, and road surface, some specific layers such as manhole or electric pole are omitted. In order to compensate for this, it is necessary to study the supplementary methods such as utilizing the completion drawings and roads and underground facilities map. In the quantitative analysis, the 1 / 1,000 digital map produced by the existing GSD 12cm aerial image is set as a reference, and 1/1,000 digital map constructed by GSD 25cm aerial image were evaluated. As a result, planer error of ±0.206m, height error of ±0.192m, and contour error of ±0.209m are obtained. The final expectation accuracy acoording to the final expectation accuracy formula of the digital map show ± 0.436m in plane, ±0.245m in elevation and ±0.259m in equilateral. This satisfied the current 1/1,000 digital map accuracy of ±0.700m in plane, ±0.300m in elevation, and ±0.500m in contour line. In this study, it is found that the GSD 25cm aerial images, which were used only for national basic map modification and orthoimage production, would not used in the entire new production of 1/1,000 map due to the current regulation. However, it was judged that it could be successfully applied to partial revision and update of the 1 / 1,000 map.

DVB-T 시스템을 위한 OFDM 방식의 최적 동기화 기법에 관한 연구

김동규 성균관대학교 1999 국내박사

장애학생 정보화 관련 대회에 대한 특수교사의 인식 및 요구=

김동규 대구대학교 2015 국내석사

In this information era, information inequalities continue to grow, particularly for people with disabilities and who have limited social participation. To overcome this inequality, it is essential to provide information technology IT education for students with disabilities. Such IT education programs must be given in a systematic, student-specific, and comprehensive way based on the types and levels of disability. IT education programs range from basic information communication technology ICT literacy training, involving basic computer skills, to advanced ICT competency training, which includes the use of software to search for information and create documents. Further, Smart learning is also incorporated into such programs. As part of the effort to improve special-needs students’ IT competency, various institutions host information education contest such as e-Sport gaming contest. Systematic IT education programs and IT Education contest for students with disabilities are imperative for eliminating information inequalities because they help the students to increase their IT literacy and integrate successfully into society. In this important endeavor, schools play a key role and special education teachers have the primary responsibility. In this respect, special education teachers are mainly responsible for helping their students prepare for IT Education contest , and their level of understanding and satisfaction is very important in promoting these contest. Therefore, we conducted this research to evaluate their level of understanding and satisfaction and to identify areas of improvement. This was performed with the hope of using the findings to further develop IT Education contest and improve ICT education for students with disabilities To this end, the following research questions were developed: First, what are the teachers’ levels of understanding of IT Education contest for special-needs students? Second, what is their level of satisfaction concerning the contest? Third, what are their recommendations for improving such contest? In this research, “IT Education contest” is defined as all events that include ICT competitions and e-Sport gaming contest for students with disabilities. To obtain answers to the research questions, we conducted a survey on 250 special-needs teachers across the country. We developed and fine-tuned survey questions based on previous research on various IT Education contest, ICT literacy, and smart learning programs for students with disabilities. We then divided the questions into three groups: the level of understanding, the level of satisfaction, and areas of improvement. In terms of the level of understanding of IT Education contest, we asked questions on six areas, including types and timing of contest, categories of tournaments, qualifications for participation, and prize. Concerning the level of satisfaction, the questions focused on five areas. This included the students’ improvement in ICT competency, self-confidence, and social skills, and teachers’ teaching of the ICT curriculum. In the final section of the questionnaire, we asked the teachers about their recommendations for improvements for IT Education contest. All of the questions were tested for reliability and validity based on previous research and were modified and updated accordingly before they were finally used for the survey. We used IBM SPSS Statistics (Ver.22) for frequency and percentage analysis and conducted cross-tabulation analysis () for background variables. Through the research, the following findings were revealed: First, in general, the special-needs teachers had a low level of understanding of IT Education contest for their students. Second, the teachers generally have a high level of satisfaction with IT Education for their students. In terms of background variables, they are highly satisfied with “improvements in social skills and self-confidence” and “participation in IT Education contest,” but less so with level of improvements in ICT competency” and “the current level of using ICT for classroom teaching.” Third, concerning recommendations for improvements, they suggest that more “diverse categories of tournaments be introduced based on students with different types of disabilities,” as a method of promoting the use of ICT in schools. On questions concerning more active participation in IT Education contest, the teachers point to “excessive workload” as the biggest challenge. Based on the research findings, the following conclusions were obtained: First, to enhance special-needs teachers’ level of understanding of IT Education contest for their students, we must make more specific and active training and promotion efforts that take into account the teachers’ gender, experience, age, and employment type. Second, to encourage special teachers to participate more actively in IT Education contest, we must design systematic support programs. Third, more research is needed into “developing various types of tournaments for students with different types of disability,” “making ICT skills achievement standards considering students with disabilities.” Lastly, more in-depth research and comprehensive support are required for various ICT programs, including an ICT certification and licensing system for special-needs students.

절리면의 거칠기와 수직응력이 전단강도에 미치는 영향

김동규 청주대학교 2017 국내석사

암석 절리면의 전단거동은 암반 구조물의 안정성을 좌우하는 매우 중요한 요소이기 때문에 암석 절리면의 특성을 조사하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 절리면의 전단강도는 절리면의 거칠기와 수직응력에 영향을 받는다. 절리면의 전단특성을 구하는 시험법으로는 직접전단시험과 다단계전단시험이 있다. 이 중에서 직접전단시험은 일정한 수직응력 조건에서 전단시험을 실시하는 것으로서 우리나라 표준시험법(KSRM, 2009)에 해당하지만, 거칠기가 동일한 수 개의 시험편이 요구된다. 이에 비해 다단계전단시험은 하나의 절리면 시험편에 대한 실험만으로 전단특성을 구할 수 있는 장점이 있지만, 여러 가지 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 절리면의 거칠기와 수직응력이 전단강도에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여, Limestone 절리면 시료에 대하여 10회의 직접전단시험과 8회의 다단계전단시험을 실시하였다. 여기서 최대전단강도, 잔류전단강도, 전단강성, 팽창각을 시험방법별로 구하였으며, 두 가지 시험방법의 결과를 비교함으로써 각각의 특성을 알아보았다. 두 가지 시험방법에서 얻어진 절리면의 물성은 대체로 동일한 경향을 보였는데, 예를 들어 최대전단강도와 잔류전단강도는 거칠기와 수직응력이 커질수록 증가하였고, 팽창각은 거칠기가 작고 수직응력이 커질수록 감소하였다. 그러나 각각의 물성 값은 시험방법에 따라 확연한 차이를 보여 두 가지 시험방법의 차이를 알 수 있었다. 한편, 본 연구에서 실시한 직접전단시험과 다단계전단시험은 통계처리하기에는 수량이 부족할 뿐 아니라, 두 가지 시험법은 각각의 장단점을 가지고 있기 때문에 시험방법의 명확한 차이를 규명하기 위해서는 다양한 암석 종류에 대하여 거칠기와 수직응력을 달리한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. 한편, 본 연구에서는 암석 종류에 따른 절리면의 물성 값 변화를 알아보기 위하여, Limestone에 대한 전단시험 뿐 아니라 quartz porphyry, dacite, granite, gneiss의 4가지 암석에 대한 다단계전단시험의 결과(Hong, 2009)를 재분석하였다. 절리면의 물성 값은 암석 종류에 따라 달리 나타났는데, 이로부터 암석 종류는 절리면의 물성에 영향을 미치는 요소임을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 절리면 전단시험을 실시하면 기존 절리면의 돌출부가 손상되거나 새로운 돌출부가 생성되기 때문에 시험 절리면의 거칠기는 기존 형상에 비해 변화되는데, 본 연구에서는 시험 전후에 절리면 거칠기를 3D Laser Profiler를 사용하여 측정함으로써 시험 절리면의 거칠기 변화 특성을 알아보았다. As the shear behaviour of rock joints is a critical factor in determining the stability of rock structures, it is very important to investigate the characteristics of the rock joints. The shear strength of the rock joints is affected by both the roughness and normal stress of the rock joints. The test method to obtain shear characteristics of the rock joints is direct shear tests and multi-stage shear tests. Between them, direct shear test is a method of testing a shear test in a constant normal stress condition, which corresponds to the standard test in Korea(KSRM, 2009), but, a number of test specimens required identical roughness are required. In comparison, multi-stage shear tests has the advantage of obtaining the shear characteristics only by experimenting with the test specimen of the one rock joints, but it has many problems. In this study, A total of 10 direct shear tests and 8 multi-stage shear tests were carried out on rock joint sample of Limestone to determine the impact of the roughness and normal stress on the shear strength. Through them, the maximum shear strength, residual shear strength, shear stiffness, dilation angles were obtained from each test and I identified each characteristic by comparing the results of the two test methods. The property of rock joints obtained from two tests tended to be roughly identical, for instance, the maximum shear strength and residual shear strength increases as roughness and normal stress increases, in contrast, dilation angles decrease as roughness is smaller and normal stress increases. However, I could see the difference between the two tests because each property represents a distinct difference depending on the tests. Meanwhile, not only direct shear tests and multi-stage shear tests conducted in this study are insufficient quantities to process statistics but also additional studies are needed that vary the roughness and normal stress on various types of rock so as to clarify the obvious differences in testing because both tests have advantages and disadvantages. In this study, the results of multi-stage shear tests on four rocks such as quartz porphyry, dacite, granite, gneiss(Hong, 2009) as well as the shear test on Limestone are reanalyzed. The property of rock joints differed depending on the type of rock, which could indicate that the type of rock is element affecting the property of rock joints. In addition, if the shear test is carried out, the roughness of rock joints used in this test is changed compared to the preexisting shape as the protrusion of rock joints is damaged or the new protrusion is generated. But, in this study, I recognized the characteristics of changes of the roughness of rock joints used in this test by measuring the roughness of rock joints with 3D Laser Profiler before and after the test.

역세권 토지이용특성에 따른 도시철도 승차인원 추정에 관한 연구 : 대구도시철도를 중심으로

김동규 계명대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

기존의 도시철도 수요 추정은 4단계 모형을 이용하였으며, 모형에 사용된 변수로는 사회경제지표인 인구, 종사자수, 학생수 등을 사용하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 역세권의 공간적 범위를 설정하고, 역세권의 토지이용특성과 도시철도 승차인원에 대한 상관관계 및 승차인원 추정모형을 구축하였다. 모형 도출을 위해 사용된 함수식은 인과관계 규명을 위해 널리 쓰이는 회귀 함수식을 사용하였다. 또한 도시철도역별로 토지이용현황이 상이한 특성을 감안하여, 도시철도역 전체에 대한 승차인원 추정과 도시철도역들을 군집화 시킨 후 군집별 승차인원 추정을 실시하였다. 이 과정에서 군집의 특성에 따라 시간대별 승차인원에 커다란 차이가 발생하여, 오전첨두 승차인원 모형과 오후첨두 승차인원 모형을 구분하여 구축하였다. 설명변수로는 주거지역연면적, 상업지역연면적, 기타지역, 버스대수, 학생수가 사용되었다. 분석 결과 일평균 승차인원에 가장 큰 영향력을 미치는 변수는 상업지역연면적, 오전첨두 승차인원에는 주거지역연면적, 오후첨두 승차인원에는 상업지역연면적으로 나타났다. 그리고 군집별 추정 모형이 전체 모형보다 설명력이 높았으며, 모형과 회귀계수는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 도시철도역별로 승차인원을 추정하기 위한 모형을 제시하였다. 그러나 오전첨두 승차인원 모형의 설명력이 다소 부족한 것으로 나타나, 모형의 설명력을 높이기 위한 방안도 본 연구에서 제시하였다. The estimation of demand for existing urban transit used the four-step model, and the variables in the model were population that is a social and economic indicator, and the number of workers and students. However, this study established the spatial range of and constructed correlations about boarding capacity of urban transit estimation and estimation model of passengers. For a functional formula used to draw the model, a regression functional formula was used to look into relations. In addition, it performed the estimation of passengers by each group after grouping the estimation of passengers in total urban transits and urban transits, considering different characters of land use situations according to an urban transit. During the process, the large gap of passengers by time occurred according to characters of groups, and the study divided the passenger model into day peak hours and night peak hours. As the explanatory variables, the total floor area of residential, business and other areas, and the number of buses and students. As the result of analysis, the most effective factor of a day was the total floor area of business areas and as to passengers at day peak hours, it was the total floor area of residential areas, while regarding night peak hours it was the total floor area of business areas. In addition, the estimation model of groups was more explanatory than overall model, and the model and a regression coefficient were statistically significant.

특급호텔 종사원의 조직공정성이 임파워먼트를 통하여 조직몰입과 경영성과에 미치는 영향 연구

김동규 慶州大學校 2018 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to identify the organizational fairness, empowerment, organizational commitment and management performance of hotel employees and to grasp the relationship between organizational fairness and empowerment, organizational commitment, and management performance, and organizational fairness influences empowerment, organizational commitment and turnover intention And to provide basic data for effective management of hotel workers. The results are as follows. First, the hypothesis that distribution fairness, procedural fairness, and interaction fairness, which are sub-factors of organizational fairness factors of hotel employees, will affect the meaning of empowerment,, And interactivity fairness were found to have a positive effect on the significance of empowerment. Second, the hypothesis that distribution fairness, procedural fairness, and interaction fairness, which are sub-factors of organizational fairness factors of hotel employees, will affect the empowerment of the hotel. The results of the empirical analysis show that procedural fairness showed a positive effect on the empowerment competence, but the distribution fairness did not. Third, empirical analysis of hypothesis that distribution fairness, procedural fairness, and interaction fairness, which are sub - factors of organizational fairness factor of hotel employees, will influence self - determination power of empowerment. As a result, distribution fairness, procedural fairness, And the self - determination power of the students. Fourth, empirical analysis of the hypothesis that distribution fairness, procedural fairness, and interaction fairness, which are sub - factors of organizational fairness factors of hotel employees, will affect the influence of empowerment. As a result of the empirical analysis, distribution fairness, procedural fairness, And the influence of influence is significant. Fifth, Empirical analysis showed that emotional commitment, empowerment, self - determination power, and influence influence emotional commitment of organizational commitment, which is a sub - factor of empowerment factors. All of them showed significant positive influence. Sixth, empirical analysis showed that semantic, competence, self-determination, and influence of subordinate factors of empowerment factors will affect continuous commitment of organizational commitment. As a result, empowerment has significant meaning But the self-determination power has no effect. Seventh, Empirical analysis showed that semantic, competence, self - determination, and influence, which are sub - factors of empowerment factors, will influence normative commitment of organizational commitment. , And influence were all significantly significant. The results of empirical analysis show that emotional commitment, persistent commitment, and normative commitment will affect the non - financial performance of the management performance. As a result, the emotional commitment and the persistent commitment But the normative commitment has no effect. The results of empirical analysis show that emotional commitment, persistent commitment, normative commitment, and subordinate factors of organizational commitment influences the financial performance of management performance. As a result, Normative commitment has a significant positive influence. In conclusion, organizational fairness of hotel employees affects empowerment and well-formed empowerment increases organizational commitment and management performance. If the employees' empowerment activities are carried out continuously and efficiently, they will play a key role in solving the problems of hotel employees. In other words, satisfaction of hotel employees through empowerment influences on organizational commitment and management performance. Therefore, the organizational fairness of hotel employees is expected to increase the quality of the organization delivered to the employees and play a big role in improving the overall management performance of the hotel. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between hotel employee fairness and empowerment, organizational commitment, and management performance. First, the fact that organizational fairness factors have a significant influence on empowerment, organizational commitment, and management performance shows that organizational justice and empowerment can be applied in hotels. Second, the indirect effect of empowerment (semantic, competence, self - determination, influence) factors on organizational commitment (emotional commitment, persistent commitment, normative commitment) It is expected to provide theoretical implications in research. The fact that the organizational commitment of hotel employees has a significant influence on business performance confirms that it can be applied to the hotel employees' empowerment and services. In other words, the demonstration of the research model in which organizational fairness influences on empowerment, organizational commitment, and management performance based on existing research suggests that hotel executives can provide theoretical implications for hotel management. The limitations of this study are as follows. First, this study was conducted to survey the hotels located in Busan and Kyungnam area. In each department, regular employees were surveyed including more than 30 departments. This is a limitation of this empirical study. Second, it is necessary to conceptualize various variables in addition to the distribution fairness, procedural justice, interaction fairness and empowerment semantics, competence, self-determination power, and influence of the organizational justice presented in this study. We should be able to present the data. Third, this study can not be approached from the aspect of the direction of the hotel employee's path, it is collected through the one - way study method of the employees, and it can be said that there is a limit to the relationship in the position of hotel employees. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research that accepts both directions from hotel management Therefore, we need more research samples in future researches, and we should carry out empirical researches in two dimensions by linking hotel management and employees, so that research that can more accurately help hotel employees' organizational fairness and empowerment will be hotel management.

모차르트「클라리넷 협주곡 가장조 K.622」제1악장의 분석.연구

김동규 단국대학교 2006 국내석사

Mozart, along with Haydn and Beethoven, was one of the most important representatives of the 18th century Wien pre-classicism who contributed to establishing the style of classical music. He also left numerous music pieces of various genres behind and amongst them approximately forty of his concertos are, still to this day, played by many musicians and considered as outstanding works. Clarinet Concerto K.622 is the music piece which Mozart composed in 1791 and is famous for its thoroughly elaborate technicality and delicate musicality. During the pre - Baroque era, the concerto style was mostly applied to only religious operas. However, since the year of 1675 composers began writing concertos for instrumental ensembles as well and by the early 18th century, concertos developed into much improved and better forms of music. Ever since, concertos of the late 18th century - which was during the peek of Mozart's music career - have evolved throughout centuries and became the modern concertos of today. Mozart's brilliant concertosin general are composed differently from the typical structures of Sonatas. Development is in many cases abridged or even omitted, and as recapitulation uses modified theme, in some pieces the 1st theme and 2nd theme are not repeated. As analyzed in this paper, Mozart Clarinet Concerto K.622 is an example of Mozart's distinguishing concerto with abbreviated development. The structure of this sonata resembling music piece can be largely divided into an introduction, an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation. When it comes to orchestral music, the introduction is composed of five parts, the exposition of nine parts with the clarinet solo, development of three parts, and the recapitulation of the exposition into nine parts. In regard of the melody, 1st theme exploits expanded range of pitches in order to express the various tone of the clarinet and 2nd theme aplies the proceeding and various rhythm to express the theme or motive. Also, throughout the music it shows the tendency of melodic sequence. The formation is in A major with by adding the transition or modulation nine times in exposition, eight times during development, and again nine times during recapitulation, there is variation of ambience. Mozart's Clarinet Concerto K.622 exposes the peculiarity of the clarinet and clearly conveys the musicality of Mozart's later years of his music. This masterpiece is largely played throughout the world by countless clarinetists. With this analysis of the music, it is easier to approach the music in regards of the composer's intention and profound performance can be expected. 모차르트(Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1756~1791)는 하이든(Franz Joseph Haydn, 1732~1809), 베토벤(Ludwig Van Beethoven, 1770~1827)과 함께 18세기 빈고전주의 악파의 대표적인 인물로 고전주의 양식을 확립하였다. 그는 또한 여러 장르에 많은 작품을 남겼고 특히 그 중 40여곡에 달하는 협주곡은 현재까지도 많은 음악가들에게서 자주 연주될 만큼 뛰어난 작품들로 평가된다. Clarinet Concerto K.622는 그가 1791년에 작곡한 작품으로 화려한 기교와 섬세한 음악적 내용을 풍부하게 담고 있어 클라리넷 협주곡의 명곡으로 손꼽힌다. 바로크 시대 초기에 콘체르타토 양식(concertato style)은 종교적인 성악곡에 주로 사용되었고, 그 후 1675년경부터 작곡가들이 기악 앙상블을 위한 협주곡을 쓰기 시작해 18세기 전반에는 더욱 발전된 형태로 다양하게 나타났다. 그 후 협주곡은 18세기 후반, 즉 모차르트가 한창 활약했던 시대 무렵부터 현재 많이 사용되고 있는 협주곡 형식으로 변화되어 현재에 이르고 있다. 모차르트의 협주곡의 일반적 특징은 전형적인 소나타 형식 구조로 작곡되지 않은 것이 많다는 점이다. 발전부가 대체로 짧거나 생략되는 경우가 있으며, 재현부는 변형된 소재를 사용하면서 명확하게 제1주제와 제2주제가 재현되지 않는 경우도 있다. 이 논문에서 분석 · 연구한 Mozart Clarinet Concerto K.622 역시 발전부가 짧은 경우로 모차르트 협주곡의 특징을 잘 보여주는 작품이다. 소나타 형식으로 이루어진 이 작품의 구조는 크게 서주와 제시부, 발전부, 재현부로 나눌 수 있는데 관현악에 의한 서주는 다섯부분으로, 클라리넷 독주가 함께 제시되는 제시부는 아홉부분, 발전부는 세부분, 제시부의 주제들을 다시 재현하는 재현부는 아홉부분으로 나뉘어진다. 선율면에서 제1주제는 음역을 넓게 사용하여 클라리넷의 음색을 다양하게 보여주고 제2주제는 순차진행과 다양한 리듬의 사용으로 주제를 표현하였다. 또한 곡 전체에 걸쳐 동형진행이 많이 나타나는 특징이 있다. 조성은 A장조의 조성을 띠고 있으며 제시부에서 아홉 번, 발전부에서 여덟 번, 재현부에서 아홉 번의 전조를 통해 분위기에 변화를 준다. 모차르트의 Clarinet Concerto K.622는 클라리넷의 특징을 최대로 살린, 클라리넷 협주곡 분야에서 가장 널리 연주되는 곡으로 모차르트 말년의 음악적 특징이 잘 나타나 있는 작품이다. 이 연구를 바탕으로 작곡자의 의도에 보다 쉽게 접근이 되길 바라며 연주자로 하여금 심도 있는 연주가 되길 기대한다.