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[제1분과/비파괴검사 및 계측기술] 콘크리트의 초기 압축강도 추정에 P형 슈미트햄머의 활용
김종(Kim Jong),이용성(Lee Yong-Sung),정덕우(Jung Duk-Woo),이백수(Li Bai-Shou),윤기원(Yoon Gi-Won),한천구(Han Cheon-Goo) 한국구조물진단유지관리학회 2004 한국구조물진단학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper investigate the applicability of P type Schmidt hammer for estimating early age compressive strength of concrete using 320data, which are collected varying with mixture proportion and material condition. Based on the Logistic regression analysis, low strength is calculated under low rebound number of P type Schmidt hammer and high strength is estimated under high rebound number of P type Schmidt hammer. The estimation equation between rebound number and compressive strength is obtained as followings; y=55.ll/[1+exp(-6.810g(x)+11)](R²=0.9294) From the statistical consideration, rebound number of P type Schmidt hammer to estimate 5MPa of compressive strength. which is capable of removing the side form is found to 28.6 with significant level of 5%
콘크리트의 초기 압축강도 추정에 P형 슈미트햄머의 활용
김종 ( Kim Jong ),이용성 ( Lee Yong-sung ),정덕우 ( Jung Duk-woo ),( Li Bai-shou ),윤기원 ( Yoon Gi-won ),한천구 ( Han Cheon-goo ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2004 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.8 No.1
This paper investigate the applicability of P type Schmidt hammer for estimating early age compressive strength of concrete using 320data, which are collected varying with mixture proportion and material condition. Based on the Logistic regression analysis, low strength is calculated under low rebound number of P type Schmidt hammer and high strength is estimated under high rebound number of P type Schmidt hammer. The estimation equation between rebound number and compressive strength is obtained as followings; y=55.11/[1+exp(-6.81og(x)+11)](R<sup>2</sup>=0.9294). From the statistical consideration, rebound number of P type Schmidt hammer to estimate 5MPa of compressive strength, which is capable of removing the side form is found to 28.6 with significant level of 5%
마우스 및 랫드에서 botulinum toxin type A의 단회 및 28일 반복투여 독성시험
전태원,김지영,현선희,김남희,이상규,김춘화,우희동,양기혁,정현호,정태천,Jeon, Tae-Won,Kim, Ji-Young,Hyun, Sun-Hee,Kim, Nam-Hee,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Kim, Chun-Hwa,Woo, Hee-Dong,Yang, Gi-Hyeok,Jung, Hyun-Ho,Jeong, Tae-Cheon 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.1
Single and 28-day repeated dose toxicity studies of botulimnn toxin type A were carried out in ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. In the single dose toxicity study, botulinwn toxin was injected intraperitoneally to male and female mice at a single dose of 40, 59, 89 133 and 200 ng/10 ml saline/kg. All animals died from 59 ng/kg group. Some clinical signs, such as decrease in locomotor activity, dyspnea, prone position and ptosis, were observed in most of both sexes from 59 ng/kg group, but no signs were seen in all animals at 40 ng/kg group. The results showed that the median lethal dose of botulinum toxin might be in the range of 40-59 ng/kg in both sexes. In the repeated dose toxicity study, the test material was administered intradermally for 28 days at doses of 0 (vehicle-treated control), 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and $10.0ng/head/50{\mu}{\ell}$ saline in male and female rats. No test material-related changes were noted in survivals, clinical signs, food and water consumptions and gross finding in any group. Botulinum toxin treatment significantly decreased the body weight gain rate in male of 5.0 ng/head group and over and in female of 10.0 ng/head group compared to vehicle-treated control. One or more relative organ weights (i.e., spleen, thymus, liver and kidney) were increased significantly from 5.0 ng/head group compared to vehicle-treated control in both sexes. Serum biochemistry revealed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase, total protein and albumin in male, and increases in AST and ALT and decreases in $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ in female without dose-pendent manners. In the histopathological study, physical stimulation by needle caused slight inflammations of dennis. In addition, botulinum toxin treatment induced denervation of nerve cell and disuse of muscle, resulting in atrophy of skeletal muscle in both sexes from 2.5 ng/head group. When the antibodies to toxin were determined in all animals, a significant increase in serum antibodies was observed from 5.0 ng/head group. The results showed that the NOAEL of botulinum toxin might be 1.25 ng/head for 28-day repeated dose toxicity in rats.