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살충제 Monocrotophos와 Phosphamidon의 사과 중 잔류특성 평가
권찬혁,이영득 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2003 생명과학연구 Vol.1 No.3
국내 과수재배시 사용되고 있는 2종의 유기인계 살충제인 monocrotophos와 phosphamidon에 대하여 사과 중 잔류특성을 조사하고 수확물 중 잔류수준에 대한 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. Monocrotophos와 phosphamidon 액제를 살포시기와 회수를 달리하여 사과 과수에 살포하고 수확물 중 잔류량을 조사한 결과, 약제 최종살포일이 수확기에 임박할수록 또한 살포회수가 증가할수록 수확물 중 잔류량이 높아지는 경향을 나타냈으며, 살포회수보다는 최종살포시기가 잔류수준에 미치는 영향이 더 크게 나타났다. 사과 과실에서 monocrotophos에 비하여 phosphamidon이 더 빠른 속도로 소실되었으며 phosphamidon의 두 유효성분 중 β-이성체 보다는 α-이성체의 잔류성이 더 길게 나타났다. 살포시기와 회수에 따른 수확물 중 잔류량과 잔류허용기준을 비교할 때 현행 안전사용기준은 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 본 연구에서 새로이 확립한 monocrotophos 잔류분석법은 분석감도, 효율 및 재현성이 기존분석법보다 우수하여 일상적 잔류분석법으로서의 활용이 충분히 가능하다고 생각된다. A supervised field trial was undertaken to evaluate the terminal residue of two systemic organophosphorus insecticides, monocrotophos and phosphamidon, in apple fruits. Monocrotophos 24% SL and phosphamidon 50% SL formulations were foliar-applied two to four times at the standard rate of 0.12 and 0.25 ㎏ a.i./500 liter/10a per application for dilute spray, respectively. Apple fruits were taken at harvest and subjected to the residue analysis. Terminal residues of monocrotophos and phosphamidon in apples which ranged 0.55∼1.32 and 0.35∼1.55 ㎎/㎏, respectively, tended to be higher as shorter pre-harvest intervals (PHI) and higher number of applications were adopted. Application timing other than frequency seemed to be the critical factor to determine the terminal level of both residues. When applied in a same manner, monocrotophos was more persistent than phosphamidon in apple fruits under field condition, while α-isomer was resided longer than β-isomer between two active ingredients of phosphamidon. Considering maximum residue limits of monocrotophos and phosphamidon for apples, residue levels found in this study confirmed that current safe use standards for the insecticides could be practically employed. An analytical method newly developed for monocrotophos residues during the study showed high reproducibility superior to erratic GLC method.
권찬혁,김여형,박재연,오병모,한태륜 대한재활의학회 2013 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.37 No.4
Objective To translate the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) which is a self-administered questionnaire that assesses effect of dysphagia on the quality of life for patients with head and neck cancer, into Korean and to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of MDADI.Methods We performed 6 steps for the cross-cultural adaptation which consisted of translation, synthesis, back translation, review by an expert committee, cognitive debriefing, and final proof reading. A total of 34 dysphagia patients with head and neck cancers from Seoul National University Hospital answered the translated version of the questionnaire for the pre-testing. The patients answered the same questionnaire 2 weeks later to verify the test-retest reliability.Results One patient was excluded at second survey because he changed his feeding strategy. Overall, 33 patients completed the study. Linguistic validations were achieved by each step of cross-cultural adaptation. We gathered statistically strong construct validity (Spearman rho for subdomain scores to total score correlation range from 0.852 to 0.927), internal consistency for subdomains (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients range from 0.785 to 0.889) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient range from 0.820 to 0.955) Conclusion The Korean version of the MDADI achieved linguistic validations and demonstrated good construct validity and reliability. It can be a useful tool for screening and treatment planning for the dysphagia of patients with head and neck cancers.
Delayed Onset Severe Dysphagia Due to Radiation Neuropathy -A Case Report
권찬혁,정일영,한태륜 대한연하장애학회 2013 대한연하장애학회지 Vol.3 No.1
A 37-year-old man visited outpatient clinic complaining of swallowing difficulty with weight loss. Twelve years ago, he received concurrent chemoradiotherapy on nasopharynx and neck due to nasopharyngeal cancer. There was no evidence of recent cancer recurrence in several imaging studies. Electromyography (EMG) demonstrated myokymic discharges in the cricothyroid, geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles. These findings suggested a delayed onset radiation-induced multiple cranial neuropathies. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) revealed severe oropharyngeal dysphagia and oroesophageal tube feeding was started. He has been followed up for 1 month but there has been no significant improvement in swallowing function in VFSS. Nevertheless he benefited from using appropriate maneuvers with VFSS and obtained proper nutrition. In this case, performing a VFSS was critical in making a proper clinical decision. A VFSS, in addition to EMG, might be considered as one of the essential tests in patients who went through concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for nasopharyngeal cancer. (JKDS 2013;3:32-35)
권찬혁,이영득 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.6
Field trials were carried out to investigate the dissipation rates of pesticides as well as to measure the terminal residues in chili peppers. Deltamethrin, dimethomorph, imidacloprid, mepanipyrim, and metalaxyl were applied to chili peppers 15 days prior to harvest. Chili pepper samples were collected at specified intervals and were subjected to residue analysis and dislodgeable residue study. In most cases, initial residue levels were rapidly dissipated with time. The dissipation pattern of pesticide residues fits well to first-order kinetics. Biological halflives, as calculated from regression curves, of most pesticides were estimated to be \4 days. In the fast growing chili pepper, a dilution effect was considerably involved in the rate of dissipation. As a result, it was possible to predict the terminal residue at harvested crops from the initial residue level and declining curve of pesticides.
권찬혁,정일영,정세희,오병모,한태륜 대한연하장애학회 2013 대한연하장애학회지 Vol.3 No.1
Objective: To develop a new screening test for dysphagia patients with various etiologies. Method: We investigated 10 widely used screening tests based on previous studies. Contents of the screening tests were summarized into 76 items. By using modified Delphi technique, 23 items showing high average score (>3.5) were selected as candidates for the new Clinical Dysphagia Scale (nCDS). A total of 216 dysphagia patients with various etiologies were tested with these items and underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) simultaneously. We analyzed these data in statistical and clinical aspects to determine which items were more correlated with VFSS findings and which items are more appropriate for the screening test. Content validity was re-evaluated by consensus in an expert meeting. Consequentially, 8 items were selected for the nCDS. Result: The nCDS included 8 items: swallowing difficulty, structural defect (oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, or esophagus), lip sealing, tongue movement (forward and side to side), saliva swallowing, wet voice or gurgling voice (pre-swallowing), 5 ml water swallowing test (2 times), and laryngeal elevation during swallowing. The sensitivity and specificity of the nCDS score for detecting necessity of food modification were 83.8% and 58.3%, respectively. It was also well correlated with the functional dysphagia scale derived from the VFSS (Pearson's coefficient 0.525, P <0.01). Conclusion: The nCDS is not only a good screening test for detecting necessity of food modification, but also a good diagnostic tool for evaluation of general swallowing function. Furthermore, it is simply applicable to dysphagic patients with various etiologies. (JKDS 2013;3:20-25)