갈색거저리(Tenebrio molitor L.) 유충의 온도발육 모형

구희연,김선곤,오형근,김정은,최덕수,김도익,김익수,Koo, Hui-Yeon,Kim, Seon-Gon,Oh, Hyung-Keun,Kim, Jung-Eun,Choi, Duck-Soo,Kim, Do-Ik,Kim, Iksoo 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.52 No.4

갈색거저리의 온도에 따른 유충 발육시험을 15, 17, 20, 22, 25, 28 및 $30^{\circ}C$의 7개 항온조건, 광주기 14L:10D, 상대습도 60~70% 조건에서 수행하였다. 유충은 13령까지 경과하였고 항온 조건에서 사망률은 17, $20^{\circ}C$에서 극소수 개체만이 발견되었고, $22^{\circ}C$ 이상의 항온조건에서는 발견되지 않았다. 유충의 발육기간은 $17^{\circ}C$에서 244.3일로 가장 길었고, $30^{\circ}C$에서 110.8일로 가장 짧았다. $15^{\circ}C$는 부화되지 않아 유충 발육 조사가 불가능하였다. 온도와 발육율과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 선형모형과 비선형모형(Logan 6)을 이용하였으며, 선형모형을 이용하여 추정한 전체유충의 발육영점온도는 $6.0^{\circ}C$, 발육 유효적산온도는 2564.1DD 였으며 선형, 비선형 모두 결정계수값($r^2$) 이 0.95로 높은 값을 보였다. 전체유충의 발육완료분포는 2-parameter Weibull 함수를 사용하였으며 전체 유충의 결정계수 값은 0.8502~0.9390의 양호한 모형 적합성을 보였다. The developmental times of mealworm beetle larvae, Tenebrio molitor were studied at six temperatures ranging from 15 to $30^{\circ}C$ with 60~70% RH, and a photoperiod of 14L:10D. Mortality of larval period was very low at 17 and $20^{\circ}C$ but did not die over $22^{\circ}C$. Developmental time of larva was decreased with increasing temperature. The total developmental time of T. molitor larvae was longest at $17^{\circ}C$ (244.3 days) and shortest at $30^{\circ}C$ (110.8 days). Egg and larvae were not developed at $15^{\circ}C$. The lower developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperatures for the total larval stages were $6.0^{\circ}C$ and 2564.1 degree-days, respectively. The relationship between developmental rate and temperature was fitted by a linear model and nonlinear model of Logan-6($r^2$=0.95). The distribution of completion of each development stage was well described by the 2-parameter Weibull function ($r^2$=0.8502~0.9390).

서양종 꿀벌(Apis mellifera L.) 수벌번데기 동결건조 분말의 영양학적 성분 및 항산화 효과

김정은,김도익,구희연,김현진,김성연,이유범,김지수,김호혁,문제학,최용수,Kim, Jung-Eun,Kim, Do-Ik,Koo, Hui-Yeon,Kim, Hyeon-Jin,Kim, Seong-Yeon,Lee, Yoo-Beom,Kim, Ji-Soo,Kim, Ho-Hyuk,Moon, Jae-Hak,Choi, Yong-Soo 한국응용곤충학회 2020 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.59 No.3

본 연구에서는 양봉산물로서의 가치 평가와 제품다양화를 위한 기초자료 제공을 위해 수벌번데기(16 ~ 20일령)의 영양성분분석 및 이를 이용한 추출물을 제조하고 생리활성 효과를 검정하였다. 수벌번데기 동결건조 분말의 일반성분 분석 결과 수분 1.69 ± 0.07%, 조단백 48.52 ± 0.20%, 조지방 23.41 ± 0.14%, 조회분 4.05 ± 0.02% 였고, vitamin C 14.92 ± 0.52 mg/100 g, vitamin E 6.06 ± 0.11 mg α-TE/100 g 이었으며, 무기성분은 K과 P의 함량(mg/100g)이 각각 1,349.13 ± 34.57 및 1,323.55 ± 43.85로 가장 높게 함유되어 있고, Ca과 Fe의 함량은 각각 55.43 ± 1.51 및 5.49 ± 0.19가 함유된 것으로 분석되었다. 수벌번데기 동결건조분말 중에 함유된 지방산은 포화지방산(g/100g total fatty acids)이 약 59.62, 불포화지방산이 약 40.38을 차지하였고, 고급지방산인 palmitic acid (C16:0)가 35.49 ± 0.08, 그리고 oleic acid (C18:1, n-9)가 35.91 ± 0.22로 다량 함유되어 있었다. 구성아미노산(g/100 g)은 총 38.99 ± 2.63이 함유된 것으로 분석되었고, 유리아미노산(mg/100 g)은 총 5,129.04 였으며, 이중 proline이 1,257.68, glutamic acid가 759.12로 가장 높았다. 수벌번데기 추출물의 DPPH radical-scavenging 활성(㎍/ml)은 증류수추출 시 0.8, 50% EtOH 추출 시 3.2, 70% EtOH 추출 시 6.4, 그리고 EtOH 추출 시 32 농도에서 약 90% 이상이었다. 이와 같은 결과는 항산화능에 기여하는 주요 화합물이 극성계 화합물임으로 추정되었으며, 저분자단백질 또는 유리형 아미노산일 가능성이 높은 것으로 추측되었다. 이상의 결과와 같이 수벌번데기는 우수한 식품원료로의 사용과 새로운 기능성 소재로의 활용을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. In this study, we analyzed the nutritional ingredients of drone pupae (16^th to 20^th instar old) to evaluate the value of bee products and provide basic data for product diversification, and the extracts prepared using these pupae were tested for physiological activity. According to the analysis of the general ingredients of the freeze-dried powder of these bee pupae, the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash was 1.69 ± 0.07%, 48.52 ± 0.20%, 23.41 ± 0.14%, and 4.05 ± 0.02%, respectively. Vitamin C and vitamin E were 14.92 ± 0.52 mg/100 g and 6.06 ± 0.11 mg α-TE/100 g, respectively. Regarding minerals, the highest content of K (1349.13 ± 34.57 mg/100 g) and P (1323.55 ± 43.85 mg/100 g) was observed and Ca and Fe were 55.43 ± 1.51 mg/100 g and 5.49 ± 0.19 mg/100 g, respectively. The fatty acids of the water extracted freeze-dried pupae powder accounted for approximately 59.62 of saturated fatty acids and 40.38 of unsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C16:0) was 35.49 ± 0.08 and oleic acid (C18:1, n-9) was 35.91 ± 0.22 (g/100 g total fatty acids). The total amino acid content was 38.99 ± 2.63 g/100 g and the free amino acid was a total of 5129.04 mg/100 g, of which 1257.68 mg/100 g was proline and 759.12 mg/100 g glutamic acid. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the drone pupae extract showed values of 0.8 for distilled water extract, 3.2 for 50% EtOH extract, 6.4 for 70% EtOH extract, and approximately 90% for 32 ㎍/mL for 100% EtOH extract. These results suggest that the main compound contributing to the antioxidant activity is a polar compound, and it is highly likely to be a low-molecular protein or a free amino acid. In conclusion, the honey bee drone pupa is excellent as a food resource and can be utilized as a new functional material for food and functional food.

Zophobas morio의 보조사료 선발 및 성충 산란간격 조절

김도익,김성연,구희연,김정은,김현진,이유범,박철승,김영철,남승희,김상수,Kim, Do-ik,Kim, Seong-Yeon,Koo, Hui-Yeon,Kim, Jeong-Eun,Kim, Hyeon-Jin,Lee, Yoo-Beom,Park, Cheol-Seung,Kim, Young-Cheol,Nam, Seung-Hee,Kim, Sang-Soo 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.58 No.3

Zophobas morio는 주로 애완동물의 먹이로 사용되고 있으며 대형어, 파충류, 양서류, 조류의 주식 및 간식으로 활용하기도 한다. Zophobas morio는 $27^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 사육하면 부화 후 80일째에 0.6 g 이상의 유충 무게를 얻었다. 보조사료를 선발하기 위해 콩가루, 어분, 보리, 메밀가루를 이용하였을 때 단백질 함량이 높은 콩가루와 어분에서 부화 후 80일째에 0.7 g이상의 유충무게를 확보하였다. Zophobas morio를 대량 사육하기 위해 성충의 산란율 증가와 균일한 유충을 확보하는 기술이 필요하다. 성충의 산란 격리틀을 이동시켜 줌으로써 유충 단계가 혼재되어 선발하는데, 노동력을 줄이며 높은 수확량과 균일한 유충을 확보하기 위해 5일, 10일, 15일 간격으로 성충을 산란틀로 옮겼을 때 5일 간격으로 성충을 옮기는 처리에서 총 부화유충수 7,256마리로 10일 5,439마리, 15일 2,060마리보다 더 많은 유충수를 확보할 수 있다. 따라서 Zophobas morio 성충을 5일 간격으로 산란틀을 옮기면서 산란을 9회 시키면 7,000마리 이상의 유충을 확보할 수 있으며 이때 한 마리당 무게는 0.68 g 확보가 가능하다. The super mealworm, Zophobas morio, is mainly used as food for pets, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and as snacks. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature, supplementary feeding, and spawning interval on super mealworm rearing. To efficiently rear this species, the insects were bred at a temperature of $27^{\circ}C$ or higher and reached a weight of over 0.6 g at 80 days after hatching. Supplementary feed (with high protein content: 10% of soybean meal and 10% of fish meal) enabled larvae to reach a weight of over 0.7 g at 80 days after hatching. Mass rearing of super mealworm requires increase in egg production (i.e., high yield) and uniformity of larvae. Adults were transferred to spawning bases every 5, 10, or 15 days (three treatments), which resulted in a total of 7,256, 5,439, 2,060 hatched larvae, respectively. It is possible to obtain more than 7,000 larvae by transferring the egg-laying frame to the spawning base at intervals of 5 days and with nine spawning operations; this procedure generates larvae weighing over 0.68 g each.

쌍별귀뚜라미(Gryllus bimaculatus) 산란방법 및 알 저장조건

김성연,김도익,구희연,김정은,김현진,이유범,김지수,김호혁,한연수,김영철,Kim, Seong-Yeon,Kim, Do-Ik,Koo, Hui-Yeon,Kim, Jung-Eun,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Lee, Yu-Beom,Kim, Ji-Soo,Kim, Ho-Hyuk,Han, Yeon-Soo,Kim, Young-Cheol 한국응용곤충학회 2020 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.59 No.2

2016년에 쌍별귀뚜라미는 식품의약품안전처 식품공전에 등록된 식품원료로 가장 큰 장점은 월동 없이 연중 대량 사육이 가능하다는 것과 60% 이상의 단백질 함량이다. 본 연구에서는 사육공간, 인건비 등의 문제로 인하여 귀뚜라미 사육이 불가능할 때를 대비하여 저장조건을 설정하였으며, 산란율이 높은 산란처 선발과 알의 동종포식률을 조사하였다. 산란은 상토 산란처에서 가장 선호도가 높았으며(p < 0.05), 알의 동종포식률을 보았을 때 10 L 당 종령 약충 62마리 이하, 1일 동안 산란을 받는 것이 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되었다(p < 0.05). 알의 저온 저장을 하였을 때는 28℃에서 10일간 보관 후 16℃에서 10일간 저온 저장했을 때 부화율이 가장 높았고, 저장을 하지 않았을 때와 비교하였을 때 12~14일 부화를 연장할 수 있었다(p < 0.05). 쌍별귀뚜라미의 산란처, 산란 방법 및 알 저장조건을 설정함으로써 효율적인 생산방법을 제시하였다. In 2016, the two-spotted cricket was approved as a general food ingredient by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Additionally, the two-spotted crickets have high protein content (60%) and can be reared throughout the year even during the overwintering period. In this study, storage conditions were set in case cricket breeding was not possible due to problems such as breeding space and labor costs, and selection oviposition mats to determine high fecundity rates and low cannibalism rates for the eggs were investigated. The oviposition mat was mostly composed of soil (p < 0.05). Less than 62 crickets per 10 litters were found to be best suited for 1 day of spawning, based on the cannibalism rate of the eggs during the egg laying period. The results from the hatched eggs indicated that the hatching extended 12 to 14 days, and the best hatching rate was approximately 85% when stored at low temperatures(16℃) for 10 days. An efficient production proposed method that established the best oviposition mat and egg storage method for the cricket.

수벌번데기 추출물의 주름개선 및 미백효과 구명

김정은(Jung-Eun Kim),김도익(Do-Ik Kim),구희연(Hui-Yeon Koo),김현진(Hyeon-Jin Kim),김성연(Seong-Yeon Kim),이유범(Yoo-Beom Lee),문제학(Jae-Hak Moon),최용수(Yong-Soo Choi) 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.5

본 연구에서는 시험물질인 수벌번데기추출물의 in vitro 주름개선, 미백 및 보습 효능 평가를 검정하였다. 수벌번데기추출물의 미백효과 시험을 위하여 in vitro tyrosinase inhibition 시험을 하였다. 이를 위하여 기질로 LTyrosine 및 L-DOPA를 사용하였을 때 모두 농도의존적으로 tyrosinase 억제 효능을 보여서 미배효과를 가지고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 수벌번데기 추출물의 주름개선 효과 및 보습효과를 구명하기 위하여 HDF, B16F10 cell을 사용하였다. 추출물의 이들 세포에 미치는 세포독성시험을 실시한 후 시험물질의 투여 용량을 설정하였다. 그 결과 두 세포 모두 독성을 나타내지 않는 100 μg/ml를 최고 농도로 설정하고, 공비 1/5로 20 및 4 μg/ml를 시험농도로 설정하였다. HDF cell을 이용하여 collagen type Ⅰ 및 MMP1의 발현량을 측정한 결과 UVB 조사로 감소된 collagen type Ⅰ의 양은 시험물질 처리로 인하여 농도 의존적으로 증가되었다. UVB 조사로 증가된 collagen 분해효소인 MMP1의 발현은 시험물질 처리로 인하여 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. B16F12 cell을 이용한 melanin 생성 억제 시험 결과, 시험물질 처리군에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 시험물질인 수벌번데기추출물은 collagen 생성을 증가시키고 collagen 분해 효소인 MMP1의 발현을 억제함으로써 주름 개선에 효과가 있으며, melanin 생성을 억제하여 피부미백에도 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다. In this study, we created pupal stage extracts of Apis mellifera L. drones for use in cosmetic materials. The effect of the drone pupae extract (DPE) on HDF cells was assessed for analysis of anti-wrinkle activity by collagen or collagenase gene expression, and the skin-lightening effect was studied by in vitro tyrosinase inhibition and B16F10 melanoma assay; the two cells were found to be non-cellular when the concentration of DPE was 100 μg/ml. Albutin concentration (positive control) in the whitening test was set at a capacity of 100 ug/ml and m-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). A melanin-producing induction material was set at a concentration of 100 nM, and the expression of collagen type I and MMP1 collagenase was measured using HDF cells. MMP1 expression was seen to reduce in a concentration-dependent manner in treatment with DPE. Inhibiting melanin generation with B16F12 cells indicated a tendency to decrease in the DPE treatment group. Both L-Tyrosine and L-DOPA as DPE were used in an in vitro tyrosinase induction test to demonstrate the effects of tyrosinase suppression on concentrations. The higher the concentration of DPE, the greater the wrinkle reduction and whitening effect. In conclusion, it was found that DPE is an effective smoothing and whitening material by increasing collagen generation and inhibiting collagenase expression and reducing melanin production.

뽕잎 채취시기에 따른 뽕잎차의 이화학적 성분 분석

박장현(Jang Hyun Park),남승희(Seung Hee Nam),임순희(Sun Hee Yim),구희연(Hui Yeon Koo),김현진(Hyun Jin Kim),김종선(Jong Sun Kim) 한국차학회 2014 한국차학회지 Vol.20 No.1

본 시험은 뽕잎의 채취시기 별로 이화학성분 차이를 분석하여 보다 양호한 품질의 뽕잎차를 제조할 수 있는 활용자료로서 이용하고자 조사하였다. 1. 총질소, 총아미노산, 카페인, 비타민 C 함량은 채취시기가 늦어질수록 감소했으며, 탄닌 함량은 6월 상순까지 증가하다 6월 중순부터 감소하였다. 2. Fructose 등 유리당 함량은 6월 상순까지 증가하다 6월 중순 이후 감소하는 경향이었다. 3. 총페놀, 총플라보이드 및 항산화활성은 채취시기가 늦을수록 함량이 감소했고, 아질산소거능은 6월 상순에 7.24%로 가장 높았다. 4. 채취시기가 늦어질수록 뽕잎의 경화정도가 커 외적형태가 열악해졌으며, 물색, 향, 맛 등은 5월 하순과 6월 상순채취가 양호하였다. 5. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 품질이 우수한 뽕잎 최적채취 시기는 5월 하순~6월 상순이 적합할 것으로 판단되었다. The total nitrogen, amino acid, caffeine, and ascorbic acid contents of mulberry leaf tea were lower when the mulberry leaves had been late harvested. The tannin and free sugar contents of mulberry leaf tea were higher in early June but decreased from late June. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf tea harvested at the late season had decreased. On the other hand, the nitrate scavenging activity of mulberry leaf tea was highest at 7.24% when picked in early June. Mulberry leaf tea showed the best physical properties with respect to color, flavor, taste, or appearance when harvested from late May to early June. Therefore, mulberry leaves to produce tea should be harvested from the late May to early June.

구연산 및 효소 불활성화 처리가 오디술의 C3G 안정성과 항산화능에 미치는 영향

김현복 ( Hyun Bok Kim ),김정봉 ( Jung Bong Kim ),구희연 ( Hui Yeon Koo ),서영식 ( Young Seek Seok ),서상덕 ( Sang Deok Seo ),김선림 ( Sun Lim Kim ),성규병 ( Gyoo Byung Sung ) 한국잠사학회 2013 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.51 No.1

To promote the consumption of mulberry fruit, we manufactured mulberry fruit wine with ``simheung`` by different processing methods and analyzed cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G) stability and antioxidant capacity. In the processing of mulberry fruit alcoholic drink, 3 minutes blanching using microwave inhibited the C3G destruction by maintaining the antioxidant capacity and inactivation of enzymes related to pigment`s stability. And freeze-dried mulberry fruit was the highest C3G pigment content and antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, this is not recommended because the economic burden of the cost of freeze-drying. In conclusion, when processing mulberry fruit wine, the addition of citric acid and the enzyme`s inactivation treatment were considered more effective than storage containers (transparent glass, brown glass bottles, aluminum foil, green glass, translucent glass bottles).

뽕나무 유전자원의 1-deoxynojirimycin 함량 변이

김현복 ( Hyun Bok Kim ),서상덕 ( Sang Deok Seo ),구희연 ( Hui Yeon Koo ),석영식 ( Young Seek Seok ),김선림 ( Sun Lim Kim ),성규병 ( Gyoo Byung Sung ) 한국잠사학회 2013 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Countries of the world are competing for the collection and utilization of genetic resources, which is a resource of valueadded industrialization. We are building database of silkworm and mulberry resources with morphological, genetic characteristics data etc. Moreover, recent bioactive compound has been receiving increasing attention. So we analyzed 1-deoxynojirimycin(1-DNJ) content as a this item in addition to the basic information using 363 strains(varieties) of mulberry genetic resources. They were grown under the same environment and conditions. Mulberry leaves were collected and then freeze-dried and powdered for 1-DNJ test. As a result, 1-DNJ mean content of 363 mulberry strains was 0.176±0.077%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 43.5%. The variation between the strains was greatly severe. Among the tested strains, ``C1D89/29`` was showed the highest content of 0.47%, whereas ``Pumbo 24`` and ``Turkey E`` were showed the lowest content of 0.05% respectively. The content of 1-DNJ of 16 mulberry varieties for silkworm rearing were compared. Average concentration was 0.17±0.04%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 22.8%. Variation among cultivars was not significant. Finally we selected 1-DNJ high-containing 11 strains. They are as follows. ``C1D89/29``, ``Hiihak``, ``Jeokasibmunja``, ``Gweonchil``, ``Botongsibmunja``, ``Jeokchuk``, ``bulguksang``, ``Geunsookgojo``, ``Busanggeum``, ``Guksang 20`` and ``Taekwang`` which are more than twice of the overall average content.

뽕잎 엽위별 이화학성분 함량 변화

박장현(Jang Hyun Park),남승희(Seung Hee Nam),임순희(Sun Hee Yim),구희연(Hui Yeon Koo),김현진(Hyun Jin Kim),김윤경(Yoon Kyeong Kim),최향철(Hyang Choul Choi) 한국차학회 2013 한국차학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Mulberry leaves contain the highest amount of total nitrogen, total amino acid, tannin, and vitamin C at the first leaf with 5.33%, 3,607 mg 100 g⁻¹, 5.91%, or 309 mg 100 g⁻¹, respectively. The caffeine content of mulberry tea was 1.95% at the first leaf and decreased with 1.86% at the fourth leaf but increased with 1.92% at the fifth leaf. Mulberry tea showed the highest amount of sucrose at the first leaf, fructose at the second leaf, sorbitol at the third leaf and glucose at the sixth leaf. The total phenolics, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of mulberry tea were the highest at the third leafwith 586 mg 100 g⁻¹, 813 mg 100 g⁻¹, and 34.4%, respectively. The NO scavenging activity was high at the first leafwith 8.54% but low at the sixth leaf with 3.32%. The color value of mulberry tea showed the high L value at the third leave and high a and b values at the first leaf. The sensory evaluation data showed that the third leaf tea received the highest score with 84.9 points whereas the sixth leave tea showedthe lowest score with 78.2 points.

비빔조건이 덖음뽕잎차 품질에 미치는 영향

박장현(Jang Hyun Park),임순희(Sun Hee Yim),구희연(Hui Yeon Koo),김현진(Hyun Jin Kim),최정(Jeong Choi),최향철(Hyang Choul Choi) 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Longer rolling periods of mulberry leaf teas resulted in increased moisture content, and the yield of teas was high for 20 min but low for 25 min. Mulberry leaf teas contained high flavor compounds, such as total nitrogen, total amino acid, and vitamin C, after rolling for 20 min and high tannin or caffeine contents by rolling for 25 min or 15 min, respectively. Free sugars, including fructose, glucose, and sucrose, were enriched at mulberry leaf teas by rolling for 20 min. The color value (green) of teas was decreased by a longer rolling period. Among the many flavonoid compounds, anthocyanin and anthoxanthine are well known for their anti-lipid peroxidation function. The anthocyanin and anthoxanthine contents of mulberry leaf teas were high with 403 mg/100 g by rolling for 20 min. The total phenolics of mulberry leaf tea was the highest at 737-839 mg/100 g by rolling for 20 min but the antioxidant activity of teas was the lowest at 19.3% by rolling for 25 min. Compared to the anti-diabetic effect of acarbose with 81% inhibition, α-glucosidase was inhibited by 57.1% using the 20 min rolled mulberry leaf tea extracts. As a result of the sensory evaluation, mulberry leaf teas rolled for 20 min received the highest score with 91.5 points while those rolled for 25 min or 15 min received 89.0 points and 88.6 points, respectively.