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에세이 창의성 분류를 위한 저빈도 서브워드 마스킹 기반 BERT 모델
이유빈(You-Bin Lee),온병원(Byung-Won On) 한국정보기술학회 2022 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2022 No.12
기존의 지식을 바탕으로 새로운 것을 만들어내는 중요성이 높아지고 있는 4차 산업혁명 시대인 만큼 우리는 창의적인 능력이 기를 필요가 있다. 이때 글쓰기는 창의력을 키우는 좋은 도구이다. 창의성은 명확하게 정의하기가 어렵기 때문에 최근 몇 년 동안 창의성에 대한 수많은 연구는 딥 러닝 모델에 기반을 두고 있다. 특히 BERT(Bi-directional Encoder Representation from Transformers)는 마스킹 할 일부 단어를 무작위로 선택하여 사전 훈련 단계를 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 마스킹과정에서 참신한 단어에 중점을 둔다. 추출된 참신한 단어를 기반으로 마스킹 하게되면 BERT 모델은 창의적 에세이를 잘 분류할 수 있는 단어에 더 집중할 수 있다. 따라서 우리는 낮은 빈도수에 해당하는 subword들을 참신한 단어로 여겨, 참신한 단어 마스킹 기반 BERT 모델을 제안한다. 실험 결과 제안한 모델이 기존 BERT 모델에 비해 최대 5% 향상되었다. In the era of the fourth Industrial Revolution, in which the importance of creating something new based on existing knowledge is increasing, we are required to be creative. At this time, writing is a good tool to develop creativity. Because creativity is very difficult to clearly define, numerous studies on creativity in recent years are based on deep learning models. In particular, Bi-directional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) performs the pre-training step by randomly selecting some words for masking. In this paper, we focuses on novel words for masking. If the extracted novel words are masked, BERT model can focus more on them that can help it classify creative essays well. Therefore, we propose a new novel word masking-based BERT model in which novel words are considered as the corresponding subwords with low frequency. Our experimental results show that our proposed model improved up to 5%, compared to the existing BERT model.
루마니아의 발전적 사회통합에 있어 사회적 불평등과 경제적 소외문제: 체제전환 이후, 현재 루마니아 인들이 겪고 있는 사회적 부작용 실례를 중심으로
곽동훈(Dong Hun Kwak) 한국외국어대학교 동유럽발칸연구소 2016 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.40 No.1
민주 자본주의 국가로 탈바꿈한 루마니아에게 사회통합이란 시장경제라는 울타리 안으로 각 계층이 하나의 일원으로 순조롭게 흡수되는 것이라고도 이해 할 수 있다. 사회통합의 과도기, 즉 이행기에는 다양한 유형적, 무형적 사회 문제가 대두되었으며, 특히 자본주의 시장에서 루마니아 인들이 느끼는 저조한 경제적 만족도와 상대적으로 낮은 민주시민으로서의 능력은 그들 스스로 레드 노스탤지어의 함정에 빠져들게 하였다. 구체제의 몰락, 이것은 적어도 현 루마니아 인들에게 있어 사회주의에 대한 자본주의의 완벽한 승리를 의미한다고는 볼 수 없을 것이다. 그들이 과거에 대한 향수를 느끼고 있다면, 이것은 현 루마니아의 실정과 사회에 분명한 모순이 있고, 이러한 점을 효과적으로 극복하기 위해서는 보다 정책적이자 일관적인 방안이 필요하다 하겠다. 이를 위해 루마니아인들의 실질적인 의견을 담고자 설문조사를 실시, 그들이 인식하고 있는 사회적 거부감과 반발에 대해 보다 구체적으로 분석하고자 한다. 체제전환에서 예상치 못 했던 손실, 이것을 규명한다면 민주자본주의적 사회통합을 이루는데 일조를 할 것으로 여겨진다. For Romania that has changed itself to become a democratic capitalistic country, social integration can be understood that each social class are absorbed smoothly into the big fence of market economy. In the transition period of social integration, not only were a variety of material social problems revealed but immaterial were revealed. As a result of it, poor economic satisfaction which Romanians felt and their relatively low recognition regarding democracy forced them to yearn for the ‘red nostalgia’. The fall of socialist system, which may not mean perfect victory of capitalism to Romanians. If they feel nostalgia for the past, there must be a lot of obviously structural contradictions in Romanian society now. Therefore more policy coordinations and consistent measures are needed to effectively overcome mal-administrations. For this reason, I would like to survey Romanians’ opinions and analyze their resistance and defiance for their current society more clearly. In this paper the practical experiences of Romanians in the process of accepting the democratic market economy system were introduced and analyzed through survey questionnaire and it revealed that social discontents and conflicts from the majority of current Romanians have been caused by significant lower economic satisfaction. This lower economic satisfaction resulted from failed political reform by unliquidated nomenklatura that can be explained as the elite reproduction theory. In the period of transformation in Romania, if incognizable and unexpected social phenomena are identified, it can lead to real, democratic and more advanced social integration.
조영인(Young-In Cho),오승헌(Seung-Heon Oh),곽동훈(Dong-Hoon Kwak),최재호(Jae-Ho Choi),우종훈(Jong Hun Woo) (사)한국CDE학회 2022 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.27 No.2
In the shipbuilding, outfitting processes are mainly performed on ships moored by quays of the shipyard. Quays in shipyards have different lengths, depths, and facilities so that the allowable quays for each ship are limited. In addition, the working efficiency of the quay process depends on the kinds of the quays where the outfitting processes are performed. As a result, it is inevitable for ships to move around the quays to avoid delay in schedule while maximizing the working efficiency. The movements of ships should be minimized because it is a waste of cost and time. In most shipyards, the quay allocation is manually determined by planners using their own implicit rules. However, the optimal plan can’t be obtained by those heuristics which only considers limited problem space. In this study, the scheduling algorithm for the quay allocation problem is developed using a reinforcement learning approach. Based on the Markov decision process model using discrete-event simulation, the scheduling agent is trained by DRQN (Deep Recurrent Q-network) algorithm and tested with 10 scenarios. The proposed algorithm outperforms the reference value set by heuristic in terms of three KPIs-unallocated duration, the number of ship movements, and ship-quay priority ratio.
Extended SBM 공정을 이용하여 단일 실리콘 기판상에 제작된 새로운 z축 가속도계
고형호 ( Hyoung Ho Ko ),김종팔 ( Jong Pal Kim ),박상준 ( Sang Jun Park ),곽동훈 ( Dong Hun Kwak ),송태용 ( Tae Yong Song ),조동일 ( Dong Il Cho ),허건수 ( Kun Soo Huh ),박장현 ( Jahng Hyon Park ) 한국센서학회 2004 센서학회지 Vol.13 No.2
N/A This paper presents a novel z-axis accelerometer with perfectly aligned vertical combs fabricated using the extended sacrificial bulk micromachining (extended SBM) process. The z-axis accelerometer is fabricated using only one 1111) SOI wafer and two photo masks without wafer bonding or CMP processes as used by other research efforts that involve vertical combs. In our process, there is no misalignment in lateral gap between the upper and lower comb electrodes, because all critical dimensions including lateral gaps are defined using only one mask. The fabricated accelerometer has the structure thickness of 30 gm, the vertical offset of 12 gm, and lateral gap between electrodes of 4 gm. Torsional springs and asymmetric proof mass produce a vertical displacement when an external z-axis acceleration is applied, and capacitance change due to the vertical displacement of the comb is detected by charge-to-voltage converter. The signal-to-noise ratio of the modulated and demodulated output signal is 80 dB and 76.5 dB, respectively. The noise equivalent input acceleration resolution of the modulated and demodulated output signal is calculated to be 500 gg and 748.tg. The scale factor and linearity of the accelerometer are measured to be 1.1 mV/g and 1.18% FSO, respectively.