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묘곡층과 백악기 경상누층군 영양소분지 하부퇴적층의 층서와 퇴적상 분석
공은혜,임선미,정대교 대한지질학회 2020 지질학회지 Vol.56 No.3
The Myogok Formation, located in Jaesan-myeon Bonghwa-gun, Gyeonsangbug-do, sparsely crops out in the northern part of the Yeongyang Subbasin of the Gyeongsang Basin. Although this formation is important as a connecting stratigraphic unit between the Jurassic Daedong Group and the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Supergroup, few studies have been performed so far. This study has been carried out to interpret depositional environments and the evolution of the Myogok, Ullyeonsan and Donghwachi Formations in the western Yeongyang Subbasin area. Eleven sedimentary facies are classified and are subsequently grouped into six facies associations based on lateral and vertical succession of lithologic features. As the result of facies analysis, the Myogok Formation, composed of Facies Association I (FA1), was deposited in a lacustrine setting, the Ullyeonsan Formation, composed mainly of Facies Association II (FA2) and Facies Association III (FA3), was in an alluvial fan with intermittent volcaniclastic supply, and the Donghwachi Formation, composed mainly of Facies Association IV (FA4) and Facies Association V (FA5), was deposited in alluvial fan or alluvial plain, braided channel to floodplain settings with some volcaniclastic sediments. The Myogok Formation is supposed to have been deposited prior to major sedimentation in the Gyeongsang Basin, and to have been experienced multi-stage folding (thrust) caused by compression to the Wonnam basement rocks and the Myogok Formation. After the deposition and deformation of the Myogok Formation, the Ullyeonsan Formation and the Donghwachi Formation were unconformably deposited as a part of the Hayang Group in the Gyeongsang Basin. 경북 봉화군 재산면 일대에 경상분지 영양소분지 퇴적층 산출지 북단에 소규모로 분포하는 묘곡층은 쥐라기의 대동층군과 백악기의 경상누층군을 연결하는 중요한 층서 단위임에도 불구하고 그동안 퇴적학적 연구는 매우 제한적이었다. 이번 연구에서는 이러한 묘곡층과, 영양소분지 하부 퇴적층(울련산층, 동화치층)에 대한 층서및 퇴적학적 연구를 통해 퇴적환경과 퇴적층 발달 및 진화 과정을 제시하고자 하였다. 이번 연구에서는 야외에서 수집된 퇴적층 노두 기재 자료를 기반으로 11개의 퇴적상을 분류한 후 각각의 퇴적상을 수평·수직적 연장성과 산출 빈도를 고려하여 6개의 상조합으로 설정하였다. 연구 결과 묘곡층은 상조합 Ⅰ이 단일로 산출되며 호성 환경에서 퇴적된 것으로 해석된다. 울련산층은 상조합 Ⅱ와 상조합 Ⅲ이 우세하게 산출되고 있는데, 이는 간헐적으로 화산쇄설물이 공급되는 충적선상지 상부 퇴적환경에서 형성된 것으로 해석되고, 동화치층은 상조합Ⅳ와 상조합 Ⅴ가 우세하게 산출되는 퇴적층으로서 역시 간헐적으로 화산쇄설물이 공급되던 충적선상지 또는선상지 평원과 역질 및 사질의 망상하천에서 범람원으로 전이하는 퇴적환경에서 퇴적된 것으로 해석된다. 퇴적환경 해석과 퇴적층 발달과정을 바탕으로 퇴적층 발달과정을 해석한 결과, 묘곡층은 경상분지에서 본격적으로퇴적활동이 일어나기 전부터 이미 존재하였던 퇴적층으로 생각되는데, 부정합 관계인 묘곡층과 울련산층의 퇴적환경이 연속적이지 않는 점과 지각 운동에 의해 묘곡층 내에 수반된 여러 변형 구조들이 울련산층에는 없는점은 묘곡층을 선경상누층군 지층으로 해석할 수 있는 근거이다.
김예진,황지영,최수한,공은혜,김양현,박기섭,유건희,성기웅,구홍회,김경효 대한소아감염학회 2014 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.21 No.2
Purpose: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are vulnerable to invasive infection by Haemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp). This study was performed to evaluate immune responses after Hib andSp vaccination in Korean pediatric HCT recipients. Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled at Samsung Medical Center during 2009-2011. ELISA tests to detect anti-PRP IgG antibody and antibodies to Sp serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F were performed at the Center forVaccine Evaluation and Study, Ewha Medical Research Institute. Results: Ten patients (two allogeneic, eight autologous recipients) with median age 5.4 years (range 2.7-12.2 years) wereenrolled. Before Hib vaccination, 60% of patients’ anti-PRP IgG titers were below 0.15 μg/mL. After vaccination, 100% ofpatients’ anti-PRP IgG titers increased above 0.15 μg/mL (cut-off value for detection) and 1.0 μg/mL (cut-off value forseroprotection). For pneumococcus, in 2-5 year-old patients, pre-vaccination geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) ofIgG for six serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, and 23F) were below 0.35 μg/mL and at 5 months post-vaccination GMCs ofIgG for all seven serotypes increased to above 0.35 μg/mL. In patients older than 5 years, pre-vaccination GMCs of IgGfor four serotypes (4, 9V, 14, and 23F) were below 0.35 μg/mL and at 3 months post-vaccination GMCs of IgG for allseven serotypes increased to above 0.35 μg/mL. Conclusion: Most HCT recipients had low or no protective antibodies to Hib and Sp before vaccination, but showed goodimmune responses to protective levels after vaccination.