토마스 핀천의 『49 호 품목의 경매』 : ' 허구의 허구 ' 속에 숨은 리얼리티 읽기 Research into the Reality Inherent in his Metafiction

공명수 한국강원영어영문학회 2000 영어영문학 Vol.19 No.1

Thomas Pynchon aims to represent the complex reality by metafiction. Metafiction in The Crying of Lot 49 functions through the problematization rather than the destruction of the concept of reality. The novel depends on the regular construction and subversion of rules and systems. Also his novel lays bare fictional world's rules in order to investigate the relation of fiction to reality. Pynchon's fictional worlds are pluralistic -governed not by rigid, absolute, and universal ideas of order but by multiple, partial overlapping, and often conflicting ideas of order. And these worlds are familiar, even when they are most bizarre and surreal, because they evoke a multilayered reality in which multiple means of putting things together manage to coexist without resolving into a single, definitive system of organization. Tristero or Inverarity represents these worlds. The moral he wants to convey seems to be that the middle ground, the realm between 'one and zero', should be maintained. This is the zone of 'interface', transcending binary choices which serve as tools of deterministic rationalization for control. Interface represent the real present of our life.

모리슨의 『사랑』: 흑인 부성과 상상적 자아

공명수 한국중앙영어영문학회 2018 영어영문학연구 Vol.60 No.3

This paper aims at analyzing the ironical relation of the black fatherhood and the imaginary self working through the repression and the dominance embedded in the unfair structure of black patriarchy in Toni Morrison’s Love. Emotionally detached by fathers, May, Heed, Christine, and Junior give themselves over to the patriarchy, the man who looms even larger in their imaginary self than in their real lives. To overcome the trauma of their parental abandonment and betrayal, they seek the physical and psychic solace, and the protection in Bill Cosy. However, the fantasy experiencing from Cosy’s hotel and resort magnify the desire for support from the larger symbolic structures to prevent anxiety and fear. Even though May, Heed, Christine, and Junior see Cosy through idealizing eyes, his patriarchy mimics the hierarchy and the exclusive structure of the white dominant culture. The imaginary self on Cosy’s patriarchy can trigger the vicious circle of repression and discrimination. Accordingly, parental affection, family nurturing, and community solidarity can contribute for black women to recover their earlier friendship and love by perceiving the reality of Cosy’s patriarchy.

미국소설AmericanStudies

공명수,김길수,정혜옥,조성란,황은주,장영희,황재광,구은혜,박병주,김의락,이영철 미국소설학회 2007 미국소설 Vol.14 No.1

Horror, Self, and Self-Consuming Writing:Poe’s “The Fall of the House of Usher”Eun-Hye KooPoe’s “The Fall of the House of Usher” demonstrates indeterminacy resulting in self-division. In the text, self-multiplication is realized by doubling the divided self of the narrator in the persons of Roderick Usher, and his twin sister, Madeline Usher. In Usher’s room, which is the indeterminate location and has an indeterminate form, the narrator paces, keeping time with the pacing of his double Roderick who suffers from schizophrenia. After the premature burial of Roderick’s double, Madeline, his mental disorder noticeably deepens, until he becomes a victim of the terror that exists only in his mind. In the final scene, as with the physical structure of the House of Usher, Roderick sinks into the abyss of the tarn. Death, selflessness, nothingness, and indeterminacy are inevitable result of the self-division. As “the voice of a thousand waters” become silent, the “House of Usher” (family, mansion, and story) as world of words is no more: the story is over, the text consumes itself into the tarn. Roderick’s, the narrator’s, and reader’s terror can be considered in the postmodern aesthetic context of Lyotard’s sublimity, which puts forth the unpresentable in presentation itself. In this fashion, fear and self-division become representative of the unpresentable and inscrutable nature of reality.

『술라』에 나타난 혐오와 자아실현

공명수 미국소설학회 2018 미국소설 Vol.25 No.1

This paper aims at approaching the relations between the disgust and the self-realization of Sula and Nel, analysing the trauma of hatred and disgust based on self-disgust. Circumscribed from childhood by blacks and white communities, Sula and Nel learn to protect themselves by acting in aggressive and independent ways. Sula insults the women by sleeping with their husbands once and discarding them, and her lack of empathy makes her stir the feelings of intense revulsion when she sleeps with Jude. Unfortunately, Jude’s abandonment reactivates self-disgust’s trauma Nel felt as a child on the train with her mother. But, unlike Sula, Nel sleeps with her children for their comfort and for hers to keep away from her self-disgust. Sula’s aggressive sexuality which lies in this attraction-repulsion dynamic does not lead to healing, while Nel’s independent self-realization ends up overcoming self-disgust. Accordingly Sula says that this lack of stable identity perpetuates the cycle of hatred and disgust.

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn에 나타난 과실재화의 실체

孔明秀 한국영어교육연구학회 2002 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.24

This paper aims to examine the hyper-reality of American society in Mark Twain's novels, particularly Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which deals with the worldly corruptions of America after the Civil War. But some critics have focused on an identity of Huck Finn rather than criticized those sophisticated depravities. I think that this tendency can overlook those periodical conditions that he had worked. In his times America underwent the social disorders due to both the Civil War and the close frontier land. The South was in troubles of master's deception, and the North in confusions of over-materialization. In fact an exceeding focus on an identity of Huck Finn may fail to notice those social problems of America. For example, although the feud between the Grangerfords and the Shepherdsons, Sherburn's cruelty, crowd's unconcern, a fraud of swindlers called Duke and the King, and their false assumption of Wilks's brothers are more important than condoned those corrupted circumstances. Accordingly this paper criticize the hyper-reality of America's Genteel Tradition, which represents the artificial culture prevalent in America after both the Civil War and the close frontier land. As well this analyses the gloomy reality of America without any signs of regenerative nature, a salvational hero, and visional frontier land.

타르 베이비에 나타난 식민화와 탈식민화의 역설

공명수 한국중앙영어영문학회 2019 영어영문학연구 Vol.61 No.3

This paper aims in analysing the diverse vision contained in the paradox of colonialism and postcolonialism, exploring the multiplicity of the disparate meanings immanent in Tar Baby myth. The Tar Baby tale as a metaphor of entrapment has one meaning for Jadine and another for Son, as this ambivalence becomes the focus of Toni Morrison’s interest in the tale as a repository of the different cultural identities. Jadine and Son attack each other missionary fervor for their own ideology in Caribbean island and New York. As Son struggles to free her from servitude to Valerian, an exploitative capitalist system, Jadine appears as committed to rescue Son from the racial and sexual hierarchy that she identifies in Eloe, all-black rural community. When Jadine takes flight for Paris, Son retreats into to seek another opportunity for his ongoing quest. As Son finds the path of his inner self, Jadine is creating for self-fulfillment as a means of achieving whole freedom. Though their relationship ends in separation, the paradox of colonialism and postcolonialism that characterizes their conflicts of race, sex, and class results in triggering the diverse vision of consciousness.

토마스 핀천의 소설에 나타난 러드주의

공명수 한국강원영어영문학회 1998 영어영문학 Vol.17 No.2

This dissertation begins with the recognition that Pynchon's world is full of Luddite spirit. This movement's object was to destroy the machinery that was replacing hand labor in the textile industry. Today's postindustrialism descends from this movement. In fact, Pynchon aims to relate this Luddite spirit to a resistant mode of thought in the postmodern culture. Throughout his novels, Pynchon insists that science and technology are not the useful tools for the attainment of man's complete happiness, but ones for his control and destruction. Because they make human world repressive and restrictive. With the development of science and technology, humanity has become increasingly withered and devalued. Advancement of scientific civilization is to deprive our men of his precious dignity. Today's cultural perversions may be efforts of science and technology. Accordingly, we must try to preserve our natural environment from the seemingly endless threats of science and technology to get our complete independence and footloose freedom. Pynchon refers to the overaching frame of an ecological imagination which would serve as coordinates for all the contradictions of industrialism.

『49호 품목의 경매』 : 시뮬레이션 사회와 터퍼웨어화 현상

孔明秀 한국영어교육연구학회 2002 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.25

This paper aims at analysing Tupperware tendency of the consumer society which means the simulations of the individual. In post-industrial society an advanced technology and a communication system promote the Tupperware tendency connected to the simulations of the consumer society. This result in controling and dehumanizing the individual by attempting to mould them into the machine-like, functional ones. Also the individual are denied and forced into one pattern by the uniformed system of Yoyodyne Company which may be Inverarity's agent. Particularly the media system becomes instrument for the normalization of life pattern of the individual by providing a prefabricated fantasy that any individual can fulfill through the hallucinating communication. The alienated and insane people such as Oedipa, Mucho, Rosman, and Hilarius rely on LSD-25, and TV, and they understand not only these elements as a vehicle for their own projection through meaning life but also as the vehicle for the projections of administered identity onto a kind of medium. But these never provide them with meaning life and future. They ironically indulge in the meaningless repetition of experience, the decrease of energy in closed system, and paranoid delusions. The attempt to establish that everything is part of meaning life may result in a realization that everything is meaningless delusions.

윌러 캐더의 『교수의 집』에 나타난 지역의식과 장소미학

공명수 한국중앙영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학연구 Vol.54 No.1

This paper aims at analyzing a modern approach to disparate regions and inter-connected places as Cather examines and questions the formation of place attachment in a changing modern landscape. In these two places such as Tom’s mesa and St. Peter’s garden, Cather raises serious questions concerning how they participate in disparate regions and places. While Tom and St. Peter are clearly identified with and become attached to particular regional places, their attachment is complicated by their personal attitudes and genealogical backgrounds. Tom wants to be a synthesis of all of the mesa’s individual parts—the landscape, its colors, its ancient inhabitants, its architecture, its history, stories, and myths into a collective whole. His assertion of his genealogical rights to this synthesis makes him move from a position of citizen to one of owner, and from a feeling of belonging to one of possessing. By the way, St. Peter can renew his attachment to take his childhood memories and their time on garden of his old house that commingle natural cultural aspects of gathering, hospitality, and belonging. His resulting acquiescence to life in the new house suggests that a change in time be a permanent condition, returning to the inter- connections between places and communities as a larger spatial network. Ultimately, this novel suggests that an individual sense of place attachment that cannot be successfully communicated or shared with others will be unsustainable due to the competing definitions of value that face a modern industrial world.

토마스 핀천의 소설의 나타난 러드주의

공명수 한국강원영어영문학회 1998 영어영문학 Vol.17 No.2