성매매집결지가 주변지역 주민의 공간이용에 미치는 영향 연구

고명진 서울시립대학교 도시과학대학원 2011 국내석사

Abstract The places like house, neighborhood, and city are the space in which people establish values about the value and purpose of their own lives. Furthermore, they are the space which hands over the history and culture to the descendants in the future. The change of city space affects the identity about the daily lives and the city of oppidans. In the history of Korea, the advent of so called sex trade district can be expected to not only have socio-cultural influence on the oppidans living in the city but also on the use of city space. This study has researched and studied the influence of sex trade district on the use of public space such as roads of the adjacent oppidans, on the safety of daily lives of the residents, and on the identity of the area as well as the settlement consciousness focused on the sex trade districts in Cheonho-dong, Pohang, and Paju. It was possible to discover a few facts as below through the research. First is the issue of unsound and inefficient use of land in the sex trade district of pleasure service industry. Most of the shops in the studied sex trade districts were located in the residential areas against the use purpose of residential areas whose goal is the protection of the stability of residence and sound living environment. The residential facilities are mixed with non-residential facilities due to illegal sex trade shops in the residential areas. Thus, the residential areas are not only deteriorating the living environment but also shifting to a space structure to inappropriate for the city life. Consequently, issue of harming the efficient use of land has risen. Second is the issue of causing inconvenience and anxiety to the daily lives of the residents adjacent to the sex trade districts. Since the sex trade districts which take up much space are located in the residential areas, the residents have felt inconvenience in using the convenient facilities, taking a walk, and commuting. Thus, they showed a tendency of taking detour roads. In addition, because of the sense of threat due to the drunken and the pimps who are the sex purchasers and strangers, the residents were experiencing troubles in their daily lives. Third is the issue of impact on the deterioration of local identity and settlement consciousness. Because of the sex trade districts, the pleasure culture is formed in the adjacent areas. Consequently, the adjacent residents experienced the damage of local image of the area they live in such as aggravation of educational environment for the children and being laughed at because of the location of the residents. This has caused the adjacent areas to be degraded into those that people want to escape if possible through lowering of settlement consciousness. At the beginning of urbanization and the initial phase of the economic growth, the prostitution was considered as an urban phenomenon to be allowed as an unofficial part of cities. However, along with the economic development, now the residents have repulsion against the sex trade facilities because of increase of desire for an agreeable living environment, affecting the local identity and settlement consciousness Therefore, in order to resolve such issues and establish agreeable living environment for the residents, the national and local governments must demolish and remove the sex trade districts soon to allow the residents adjacent to sex trade districts to protect their lives from the commercialized place of living, or in other words, to live safely and agreeably. 국 문 초 록 집, 동네, 도시라는 장소는 인간이 태어나서 성장하고 살아가며, 자신의 삶의 가치와 목적에 대해 가치 정립을 하는 과정의 공간이고, 더 나아가 훗날 자손들에게 역사와 문화를 전해주는 곳이기도 하다. 도시 공간의 변화는 도시민의 일상생활이나 도시에 대한 정체성에 영향을 주게 되는데, 우리나라의 역사에서 근 100년 사이에 나타난 성매매집결지라는 장소, 공간의 출현은 도시의 주거민들에게 사회문화적 영향뿐만 아니라, 도시공간이용이라는 부분에 대해서도 영향을 미칠 것이라 예상할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 성매매집결지가 인근 도시민들이 도로 등 공적 공간의 이용에 미치는 영향, 주민의 일상에의 안전성에 미치는 영향, 그리고 그로 인한 지역정체성 및 정주의식에 미치는 영향 등을 천호동, 포항, 파주의 성매매집결지를 중심으로 조사, 연구하였다. 조사연구결과 다음과 같은 몇 가지 사실을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 유흥서비스업의 일종인 성매매집결지의 불건전하고 비효율적인 토지이용의 문제이다. 조사 연구된 성매매집결지의 업소들이 대부분 주거지역에 위치하고 있어, 거주의 안녕과 건전한 생활환경의 보호를 목적으로 하는 주거지역의 용도목적에 위배되고 있다. 주택가에 들어서 있는 불법 성매매업소들로 주거시설과 비주거시설이 혼재해 있어 주거환경의 악화는 물론 도시 활동에 적합하지 않는 공간구조로 변화되고 있어 토지의 효율적 이용이 저해되는 문제를 나타내고 있다. 둘째, 성매매집결지 인근지역 주민들의 일상생활에 대한 불편함과 불안감을 초래하고 있다는 점이다. 넓은 공간을 차지하는 성매매집결지가 주거지에 있음으로 인해, 생활편의시설의 이용, 산책, 도보, 출퇴근, 등하교 등에서 불편감을 느끼고, 그로 인해 도로를 돌아가는 경향이 있었다. 또한 성매매집결지로 인한 성구매자이자 외지인인 취객, 성매매집결지내에서의 삼촌, 삐끼 등으로 인해 위협감을 느껴 일상생활에 많은 지장을 받는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 지역정체성 및 정주의식 저하에 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 성매매집결지가 있음으로 인근지역은 유흥, 환락의 문화가 형성되며, 그로인해 인근 주민들의 자녀교육환경이 악화되고 동네지명으로 인한 놀림 등 자신이 거주하는 지역이미지의 손상이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 자신이 살고 있는 삶의 터전에 대한 정주의식이 저하되어 여건만 되면 탈출하고 싶어지는 동네로 전락하게 하는 문제가 발생하고 있다. 도시화와 경제성장 초기에는 성매매업이 일종의 도시적 현상으로 간주되어 도시의 비공식부문으로 용인되어져 왔으나, 이제는 경제성장과 더불어 쾌적한 주거환경에 대한 욕구증가로 주민들은 성매매시설에 거부감을 갖는 상황에 이르렀고, 이는 주민들의 일상생활 및 지역정체성과 정주의식에 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 위와 같은 문제를 해결하여 주민들의 쾌적한 삶의 환경을 조성하기 위해서는 국가 및 도시정부는 성매매집결지 인근의 주민들이 상품화된 삶의 장소로부터 자신들의 삶을 보호할 수 있도록 즉 안전하고 쾌적한 주거를 할 수 있도록 조속히 성매매집결지를 폐쇄 및 철거하여야 한다. 키워드 : 성매매, 성매매집결지, 공간이용, 도시권, 일상생활, 지역정체성, 정주의식

우리나라 교과서와 MiC교과서의 그래프 비교분석 : 통계그래프를 중심으로

고명진 경북대학교 대학원 2009 국내석사

This study focuses on helping to make the math curriculum through the comparative analysis of statistical graph between Korean textbook and MIC textbook. The resource of this study is a comparison of the contents of the Statistics Unit between Korean math textbook and American Mathematics in Context(MIC). This thesis covers main objective and teaching-learning method of the 7th Math Educational Curriculum, the American NCTM Curriculum and valuation basis, Freudenthal's mathematical view and principle of math education based on RME theory. The educational activities of math seek to abstract the concept. But considering teaching-learning method, MIC textbook includes teaching-models relating to real life in comparison with Korean textbook dealing with mainly search activities. In this respect, it is difficult for students by themselves to form the concept steadily in Korean textbook. On the other hand, we can perceive that such process is possible in MIC textbook. I hope that this study contributes to the development of Korean math education with understanding the merits and demerits of Statistics Unit in Korean textbook through comparison between Korean traditional math education centered to formula and MIC math education seeking to mathematical experience steadily

Faster R-CNN을 이용한 갓길 차로 위반 차량 검출

고명진 연세대학교 공학대학원 2017 국내석사

Upon reviewing the statistics about the fatal accidents that have occurred on the express ways for the last 5 years, those who died on the shoulders of the road has been as 3 times high as the others who died on the express ways, which suggests that the accidents on the shoulders of the road should be fatal, and that it would be important to prevent the traffic accidents by cracking down on the vehicles intruding the shoulders of the road. The conventional shoulder-intruding vehicle detection system is deemed limited because it needs sensors or preprocessing of video images. In order to overcome the problems due to the lack of an automatic system, this study suggests that the technique of the CNN-based Faster R-CNN should be used; then, the video images input into the system may not well be preprocessed to detect those vehicles intruding the shoulder of the road. The method suggested consists of two modules; one is the detection module based on the Faster R-CNN technology, while the other is a module reading the violations intruding the shoulder of the road. When the detection module identifies all the vehicles by their images, the reading module would compare the estimated scores with the threshold to determine whether the vehicle has violated the shoulder or not. For test and analysis, this study examined the GTA V or a simulation game representing the situations similar to reality and therewith, processed or generated 1,800 images of the learning data and 800 ones of the evaluation data, and thereby, measured the performances depending on the changes of the threshold in ZFNet and VGG16. As a result, it was found that with the standard of threshold 0.8, the detection rate of ZFNet was 99.2%, while with the standard of threshold 0.7, the detection rate of VGG16 was 93.9%. On the other hand, the detection speed of ZFNet was higher (0.0468) than that of VGG16 (0.16). In both terms of detection rate and speed, the performance of ZFNet was higher (by 7% in terms of detection rate and 3.4 times in terms of detection speed.) Thus, it was proven that the vehicles violating the shoulder of the road could be detected more speedily without pre-processing of the video images. It is hoped that this study will be followed up by future studies that will consider more diverse situations and scenarios to check the vehicles violating the prohibited lanes. 최근 5년간 고속도로에서 발생한 사망 사고의 통계를 살펴보면, 고속도로 전체 사망자 중 갓길에서 발생한 사망자의 사망률이 약 3배 높은 것으로 나타나 갓길 사고 발생 시 생명에 치명적인 결과를 초래할 수 있다는 것을 보여주었고, 적재적소에서 갓길 차로 위반 차량을 단속하여 사고를 미연에 방지하는 것이 중요해졌다. 기존 갓길 차로 위반 차량 시스템은 센서와 같은 장비가 필요하거나 영상의 전처리가 필요하여 성능의 한계를 보였고, 자동화 시스템의 부재에 따른 한계를 극복하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 CNN기반의 Faster R-CNN 기법을 활용하여 입력 영상에 대한 별도의 전처리 없이 빠르게 갓길 차로 위반 차량을 검출할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 Faster R-CNN 기법을 기반으로 하는 탐지 모듈과 탐지 된 차량 중 갓길 위반 여부를 판단하는 판독 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 탐지 모듈에서 영상 내 모든 차량을 식별하면 판독 모듈에서 해당 클래스의 예측 점수와 Threshold를 비교하여 최종적으로 갓길 차로 위반 차량임을 결정한다. 실험 및 평가를 위해 현실세계와 유사하게 상황을 재현할 수 있는 시뮬레이션 게임인 GTA V에서 이미지 형태의 학습데이터 1,800장과 평가데이터 800장을 가공 및 생성하여ZFNet과 VGG16에서 Threshold 값의 변화에 따른 성능을 측정하였다. 그 결과 Threshold 0.8 기준 ZFNet 99.2%, Threshold 0.7 기준 VGG16 93.9%의 검출율을 보였고, 모델 별 평균 검출 속도는 ZFNet 0.0468초, VGG16 0.16초를 기록하여 ZFNet의 검출율이 약 7% 정도 높았으며, 검출 속도 또한 약 3.4배 빠름을 확인하였다. 이는 비교적 복잡하지 않은 네트워크에서도 입력 영상의 전처리 없이 빠른 속도로 갓길 차로 위반 차량의 검출이 가능함을 증명하였고, 다양한 상황과 시나리오가 반영되어 있는 데이터를 확보하여 지정 차로 위반 검출 등에 응용할 수 있는 연구가 추가적으로 필요함에 대해 기술하였다.

생활체육지도자의 직무만족도에 관한 연구

고명진 조선대학교 교육대학원 2004 국내석사

The present study is to analyze the job satisfaction degree by the different individuality. This research is based on the 312 daily-life sport leaders (male 154, female 158) who are working in the fitness centers in Gwang-ju. The following conclusion shows how much difference the sports leaders have. 1. According to the analysis by the sports leader's sex, there is significant difference statistically in the working environment factor and the self-control and decision factor of the six categories between the male sports leaders and the female sports leaders. But both two group of sports leaders don't feel any big difference at the job satisfaction through the salary and reward, personal relations and meaningful life factors. 2. According to the analysis by the sports leader's marriage, there is significant difference statistically in the self-control and decision factor and special skills development factors of the six categories. Regardless of the sport leader's marriage sport leaders are satisfied with the salary and reward, personal relations. 3. According to the analysis by the sports leader's age, there is only big difference in the special skill development factor statistically of the six categories. The research doesn't have any difference among the other factors. 4. According to the analysis by the sports leader's scholastic ability, there is significant difference in the working environment factor and the salary and reward factor of the six categories statistically. Regardless the sports leader's scholarship, there is no difference the rest of four factors, which are the self-control and decision, development of the special skill, personal relations, meaningful life. 5. According to the analysis by the sports leader's instruction item, there is significant difference in the working environment factor and the salary and reward factor of the six categories statistically. Whatever they instruct, the research don't show any difference in the self-control and decision, development of the special skill, personal relations, and meaningful life factors. 6. According to the analysis by the sports leader's career, there is significant difference in the working environment factor, the self-control and decision factor, development of the special skill factor, and the salary and reward factor of the six categories statistically. The sport leaders don't care for the personal relations and meaningful life however long they instruct.

성별에 따른 노년기 사회적 지지와 갈등이 우울에 미치는 영향 : 배우자와 배우자 외 관계를 중심으로

고명진 전북대학교 2017 국내석사

본 연구는 노년기 배우자 및 배우자 이외의 관계에서 경험하는 지지와 갈등이 우울에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 이러한 영향이 성별에 따라 다르게 나타나는지 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 대상자는 “한국인의 사회적 삶, 건강한 노화에 대한 조사(Korean Social Life, Health and Aging Project; KSHAP)”의 1차년도 설문에 참여한 만 60세 이상의 배우자가 있는 정상노인이다. 연구 대상자를 성별에 따라 남성노인과 여성노인으로 구분하였다. 각 집단별로 배우자 관계, 배우자 이외의 관계에서의 지지와 갈등이 우울에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 먼저 선행 연구에서 노년기 우울에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀진 연령, 소득, 주관적 건강상태를 통제한 후, 가족 및 친척, 이웃 및 친구 등 배우자 이외의 관계에서 얻는 지지와 갈등이 우울에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았고, 이후 배우자의 지지와 갈등을 추가로 투입하여 우울에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 남성노인의 경우 배우자와의 관계가 우울에 중요한 영향을 미쳤으며, 배우자 관계에서 더 많은 갈등을 경험할수록 더 우울하였다. 반면, 여성노인의 경우 배우자 이외의 관계가 우울에 중요한 영향을 미쳤으며, 배우자 이외의 관계에서 더 적은 지지를 경험할수록 더 우울하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 추후 연구방향 및 임상적 함의를 제시하였다.

현대 장신구에 있어서 아르누보의 영향

고명진 서울大學校 1988 국내석사

생태학적 관점에서 본 현대 장신구의 표현확장에 관한 연구

고명진 대구가톨릭대학교 2017 국내박사

Jewelry is a common means of self-expression, originally intended for the purpose of adornment. In this way, jewelry has been inextricably bound up with mankind, responding sensitively to the changing phenomena of each era, existing alongside humanity and its history. In the present day, the significance and facets of jewelry continue to be diverse. Consequently, the earliest stages of discussion on jewelry placed an emphasis on the form of the material, namely, artistic descriptions. However, the emphasis gradually shifted toward the story behind each piece of jewelry and the influence of its usage. In the present day, jewelry affects not only individuals but also other areas of life, and this has become an important part of the intrinsic value of jewelry. In other words, the role of jewelry has expanded into the social sphere, and the definition of its valuation has taken on new meaning. Nevertheless, tension between the newly arising perspectives and general traditional perspectives present a restriction on the role of jewelry. Furthermore, this creates a problem which places a limitation on the future potential regarding the definition and expression of jewelry. Therefore, this study assesses and examines the existence of the new role of contemporary jewelry and the potential for the expansion of its expressive scope, through the ecological perspective tendency. Ecological perspectives are alternative values derived from ecology after the modern era, in order to foresee and present solutions to overcome environmental problems. Thus, it is an organic worldview that strives for wholeness, sustainability, diversity, and balance, while holding fast to critical viewpoints against human-centered as well as mechanistic thinking. This characteristic forms the basis for ethical and philosophical self-examination regarding the worsening environmental problems which also constitute social problems, and this has led to various ecological movements in the late twentieth century. Owing to the limited ability to execute vision into solid results caused by the excessive idealism of ecology, policies which pursue eco-friendly sustainable development and the modernization of ecology were imposed as ideology. However, there has been a resurgence in the trend and acceptance of ecological perspectives which place an importance on qualitative works through eco-effectiveness, society, culture, policy and ethics. Although there are many variations of the ecological viewpoint, the common characteristic shared by all is the recognition of the mutually dependent relationship between humanity and nature, as well as the finitude of nature. Ecological expression in the formative arts, which shares this common characteristic as its basis, finds its origins in Romanticism and the spirit of the democratization of art of the Arts and Crafts Movement. In particular, the tendency of propaganda arts, which stimulates interest in society and policy, drawing an emotional response through Romanticist expression regarding real problems, thereby bringing people to a place of discussion, has surely become the foundation for ecological arts. This is because the driving force behind ecological arts is to change perspectives through art and resolve real life problems. Accordingly, there is no doubt that the starting point of ecological art was modernism’s recognition of the role of pioneering art in the 1960s, namely, presenting the problem that mainstream culture never raises issues, as well as the refusal to give up on the potential of art to change lives. Thus, the expression of the ecological perspective has the purpose of solving environmental problems using the arts, with a humility towards nature, based on the understanding of the ecosystem. It reflects concern for all life on the earth and ethical responsibility throughout the process of production, including the elements of art. Accordingly, ecological expression of the formative arts is not solely about form or shape, but artistic activity concerning ecological ethics where ecological values are embodied. Regarding its artistic facets, the primary purpose of ecological expression is the visualization of the aesthetic elements of ecology, inspiration drawn from ecology, and the process of material selection and creation. Artists are able to act out their environmental responsibility through the visualization process. Through this, one can confirm the infinite potential and influence of the formative arts as the channel through which ecological values can be realized. According to these facts, criteria and reasons for distinguishing the ecological perspective of formative art from the eco-friendly perspective are acquired. This means that jewelry, as well as other fine arts created out of an ecological perspective must not be limited simply to the style of expression, but need to reflect the ecological perspective throughout the entire process of creation and anticipate changes in the wearer’s environment for the sustainability of the ecosystem. Looking at the history and function of jewelry, it is natural and apparent that jewelry reflects the ecological perspective as an alternative set of values of the current era because its general characteristic is that it responds sensitively to the society of the time as a sculpture that is intimately related to mankind. Furthermore, owing to the artists following the end of the century who gave emphasis to the psychological function of jewelry, contemporary jewelry came to occupy an independent field in the formative arts. One of the characteristics of contemporary jewelry is the criteria of qualitative evaluation from two different perspectives rather than the value of skills and money: the artist’s inspiration and design, and the material as the medium of expression. Thus in terms of jewelry, the involvement of the artist’s design increased and the free use of materials became possible. The increased involvement of design led to an increased consideration of not only the form, but also the meaning, as well as the influence of the usage of the jewelry. In other words, today, jewelry has become a sculpture which influences the user and both the visible and invisible environment of their lives. Therefore, their influence has spread worldwide, and it has become possible to see a change in scope to include the mental and physical realm. Admittedly, this reality is somewhat distant from the understanding of traditional jewelry, but it is clear that this reality presents the new role that has arisen out of the characteristics of contemporary jewelry. Therefore, considering the criteria of ecological expression mentioned above, it can be apprehended that the new role of jewelry is realized in the ecological viewpoint of the jewelry of today. It has been found that the ecological expression of jewelry is dependent not on form, but on ethical art activity, particularly the free selection and usage of materials. This phenomenon is reflected in the characteristics of contemporary jewelry which uses materials freely as a medium of expression, and these materials mainly consist of natural and substitutional materials, their recyclable and reusable nature taken into consideration by the artist, while pursuing sustainability. Also, the act of making an effort to consciously use such materials to fulfil the ethical responsibility of society is spreading outwards into society. This is the result of reflection on the ecological perspective which focuses on the mutual relationship between humans and the environment from all viewpoints, from the stage of material selection. Furthermore, the scope of influence of the use of ethical material can be construed as being worldwide because it includes the environment and lifestyle of those who work in the material related field, as well as the environment of the area of production. Thus, the use of such ethical materials has the potential to actualize various aspects of the ecological perspective. Regardless of the type or form, the jewelry itself can become the very agent that restores and regenerates the damaged environment and matter. On the other hand, the inspiration of the artist and the power of design challenge existing values to bring about change through jewelry by propaganda addressing social, environmental issues and ecological resilience. Through this process, jewelry’s universal function as a communicative medium has come to take on new roles which bring about the reformation of social norms and the environment through ecological jewelry. Thus, it has been possible to verify that the function of contemporary jewelry has indeed expanded to playing a social function. Furthermore, the creation of jewelry which uses material and aesthetic elements from the ecological perspective, has granted opportunities to assess the potential of new expression and new identity of jewelry as ecological agents. Through this study, it has been ascertained that an ecological approach and expression of jewelry now has potential to enable contemporary jewelry, with its pioneering attributes, to maintain close communication with the general public with regards to environmental and social issues. Consequently, such awareness of the social role of jewelry urges the artist to seek out future goals which address social and ethical responsibility. Therefore, the expanded expression of the jewelry of today through aesthetic, social and scientific approaches related to the implementation of the ecological viewpoint as a new set of alternative values remains an outstanding task. In this study, based on the review of the theoretical background of ecology and the contemplation of the creative processes of various artists, the researcher created new works based on the potential of the ecological expression of contemporary jewelry. This process demonstrated that the scope of expression of contemporary ecological jewelry possesses the potential to expand in various directions. The diverse implementation of this conclusion remains a task to be realized by the researcher in the future.

Ketamine 투여 전 시행한 긍정적 암시가 각성시 악몽에 미치는 영향

고명진 인제대학교대학원 2010 국내석사

초 록 Ketamine 투여 전 시행한 긍정적 암시가 각성시 악몽에 미치는 영향 고 명 진 (지도교수 : 정순호) 인제대학교 대학원 의학과 목적: 본 연구는 ketamine 투여 전에 환자에게 긍정적인 암시가 각성시 악몽을 줄일 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 척추마취가 예정된 미국 마취과학회 신체등급 Ⅰ, Ⅱ의 20-65세 환자 80명을 대상으로 하였으며 척추마취 후 ketamine 0.5 mg/kg를 정맥주사하였다. S군(n = 40)은 ketamine 투여 전 기분 좋은 꿈을 꾸게 될 것이라는 암시를 하였고 N군(n = 40)은 아무런 암시를 하지 않았다. 각성 직후와 수술 종료 후 회복실에서 꿈의 내용에 대한 질문을 하였고 꿈에 대한 환자의 기분(emotional content)과 ketamine 투여 후부터 각성시 까지의 진정시간 동안 들렸던 소리의 크기(amount of sound)를 visual analogue scale을 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 두 군간에 상태-특성 불안 정도는 차이를 보이지 않았다(상태불안, S군: N군, 42.7 ± 7.1: 39.8 ± 9.3; 특성 불안, S군: N군, 39.0 ± 9.9: 36.5 ± 8.6). 두 군간에 각성시 꿈에 대한 환자의 기분과 진정시간 동안 들렸던 소리의 크기도 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(환자의 기분 1, S군: N군, 3.6 ± 0.8: 3.5 ± 1.0; 환자의 기분 2, S군: N군, 3.4 ± 0.9: 3.6 ± 0.9; 소리의 크기 1, S군: N군, 1.4 ± 0.7: 1.5 ± 0.8; 소리의 크기 2: S군: N군, 1.3 ± 0.6: 1.6 ± 0.9). 결론: ketamine 투여 전 시행한 꿈에 대한 긍정적인 암시는 각성시 발생할 수 있는 악몽을 줄일 수 없었다. 색인 단어: 케타민, 각성 반응, 악몽 ABSTRACT Effect of positive suggestion before intravenous injection on ketamine induced nightmare Myoungjin Ko (Advisor : Prof. Soonho Cheong, M.D., Ph.D.) Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Graduate School, Inje University Objectives : Present study investigated the effect of positive suggestion on nightmare induced by ketamine administration. Methods : Eighty American society of anesthesiology (ASA) class Ⅰ, Ⅱ patients, aged between 20 - 65 years old who were scheduled for spinal anesthesia were studied. Twenty minutes after spinal anesthesia, the anesthesiologist administrated intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) to the patient. In group S (n = 40), the anesthesiologist mentioned positive suggestion to the patient before ketamine administration, but not in group N (n = 40). Emotional content and amount of sound were checked when immediately after emergence in operating room and in postanesthesia care unit. Results : There was no significant difference between groups in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X1 score. (state anxiety, group S: group N, 42.7 ± 7.1: 39.8 ± 9.3; trait anxiety, group S: group N, 39.0 ± 9.9: 36.5 ± 8.6). Also emotional content and amount of sound in both groups did not show significant difference (emotional content 1, group S: group N, 3.6 ± 0.8: 3.5 ± 1.0; emotional content 2, group S: group N, 3.4 ± 0.9: 3.6 ± 0.9; amount of sound 1, group S: group N, 1.4 ± 0.7: 1.5 ± 0.8; amount of sound 2: group S: group N, 1.3 ± 0.6: 1.6 ± 0.9). Conclusion : Positive suggestion before ketamine administration can not reduce ketamine induced nightmare. Key words: Ketamine, Emergence phenomena, Nightmare

地域社會開發을 위한 敎會의 役割에 관한 硏究

고명진 中央大學校 1984 국내석사

사비시기 백제의 도가사상과 도교

고명진 한국교원대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

본 연구는 사비시기에 일정하게 자리 잡고 있었던 도교가 어느 정도 성행하고 기능하였는지 그 실상이 잘 알려지지 않아 그 실상에 조금이라도 다가가기 위한 작업이다. 먼저, 사비시기 곳곳에서 도교의 三山을 활용한 모습들이 보인다. 삼산은 蓬萊·方丈·瀛洲를 가리키는데, 도교에서 가장 이상적인 존재인 신선이 거주하는 神仙世界이다. 『三國遺事』 南夫餘 前百濟 北扶餘에서는 日山·吳山·浮山 등의 사비시기의 삼산을 기록하고 있다. 위의 『三國遺事』의 기록에는 삼산 위에 나라가 전성할 때마다 神人이 거주하여 朝夕으로 서로 왕래한다고 전하고 있는데, 도교의 사서인 『列子』의 湯問篇에 나오고 있는 삼산과 신인의 모습과 일치하고 있다. 또, 금동향로와 山水文塼에서는 삼산과 봉황이 하나로 묶여 표현되어 있는데, 이상세계로 대변되는 삼산과 태평성대에 나타나는 봉황을 나타낸 것이라 볼 수 있다. 사비시기에는 도교의 신선 세계에 대한 신앙을 苑池 조성을 통해서도 표현하였다. 원지는 발해만 위에 떠 있는 삼산, 즉 도교의 삼산을 본떠서 만든 인위적인 못이다. 『三國史記』 武王 35년의 기사에는 궁 남쪽에 방장선산을 모방한 원지를 만들었다하여 도교의 삼산을 표현하고자 한 사실이 분명히 드러나고 있다. 사비시기에 도교의 삼산을 산악제사나 건축 설계에 활용한 이유는 이상세계로 대변되는 도교의 삼산을 활용하여 새롭게 천도한 사비도읍지를 신성시하려 했던 것으로 보인다. 다음으로 사비시기에 전문부서로 설치한 22부 중 주술을 담당하는 日官部와 의학을 담당하는 藥部에서도 도교의 흔적들이 발견된다. 도교의 方術에는 주술과 의학을 포함하는데, 武王 3년(602)에 觀勒이 일본에 방술을 전한 사실에서 도교의 방술이 사비시기 사회에서도 존재했음을 짐작케 한다. 사비시기의 도교 주술과 관련해서는 易·曆박사의 존재와 觀勒이 일본에 전해준 저서 등에서 도교의 주술이 나타나며, 최근에 능산리의 남근형 목간, 복암리의 태극문 목간, 일본 桑津유적지의 北斗七星이 그려진 목간에서 도교의 색채가 농후한 주술이 보이고 있다. 사비시기 도교의 神仙術과 관련해서는 백제의 의학서로 알려진 『百濟新集方』을 집필할 때 도교 의학서를 참조한 사실이 주목되고, 쌍북리에서 발견된 ‘五石’목간이 도교의 仙藥 중 오석과 연관되어 나타나고 있다. 또, 백제계 도왜인들의 일본에서의 활동을 보면 조정에 선약을 바치거나 각지에 있는 약재와 약물을 조정에 바치게 한 사실들을 발견할 수 있다. 이처럼 사비시기에서 도교의 방술을 사용하는 주체를 보면 도사가 아니라 승려들을 포함한 지식인층들이다. 지식인층들은 도교의 방술을 방술의 궁극적인 목적인 신선이 되고자 하는 목적이 있는 것이 아니라 학문적인 기능에서 도교의 주술과 의학을 수용하였던 것으로 보인다. 이상과 같이 사비시기의 도교는 신앙의 ‘대상’과 신도들이 거주하는 ‘도관’, 도교를 전파하거나 실행하는 ‘도사’의 존재는 발견되지 않고 있다. 즉 사비시기의 도교는 체계적인 교단을 가지고 도교의 신을 신앙하는 차원의 종교로서보다는 사상이나 문화의 한 측면으로 받아들여 지식인과 귀족들에게 교양의 중요한 부분을 차지하였을 것이라 본다.