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전자빔증착법을 통한 SiO<sub>x</sub> 박막의 액정 배향 효과
강형구,한진우,강수희,김종환,김영환,황정연,서대식,Kang, Hyung-ku,Han, Jin-Woo,Kang, Soo-Hee,Kim, Jong-Hwan,Kim, Young-Hwan,Hwang, Jeoung-Yeon,Seo, Dae-Shik 한국전기전자재료학회 2005 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.18 No.11
By using $45^{\circ}$ obliqued evaporation method with electron beam system, uniformly vertical liquid crystal (LC) alignment was achieved. And a high pretilt angles of about $2.5^{\circ}$ were measured. Also, it was verified that there are no variations of pretilt angle as a function of $SiO_x$ thin film thickness 20 nm and 50 nm. A good LC alignment states were observed at annealing temperature of $250^{\circ}C$. Consequently, the high pretilt angle and the good thermal stability of LC alignment by $45^{\circ}$ obliqued electron beam evaporation method on the $SiO_x$ thin film can be achieved.
한국 동해 남부 연안 일광만의 요각류 Acartia steueri 의 알 생산력
강형구(Hyung Ku Kang),강용주(Yong Joo Kang) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.2
Egg production of Acartia steueri was estimated in Ilkwang Bay, located in the southeastern coast of Korea. The equation, combing fecundity, temperature and chlorophyll a, obtained under the laboratory experiments, was applied to the in situ temperature and chlorophyll a for the estimation of field egg production. Mean egg size was 80.52㎛. Prosome length of adult females was not correlated with egg size. Egg production of field population ranged from 0.32 to 63.32㎍C m^(-3) d^(-1) with a mean of 13.33㎍m^(-3) d^(-1), which were equivalent to 7.1-1407.1 eggs m ^(-3) d^(-1) and 296.1 eggs m^(-3) d^(-1) with a mean of 13.33 ㎍C m^(-3) d^(-1), respectively. Fecundity of adult females ranged from 5.4 to 12.5 eggs female^(-1) d^(-1) with a mean of 8eggs female^(-1) d^(-1). Specific egg production rates ranged from 0.028 to 0.117 d^(-1)with a mean of 0.064 d^(-1). Considering the egg production(% female body carbon) as a function of temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, our results showed rather low fecundity, which might be underestimated. Probable cannibalism of egg by the adults were thought to be part of the reason for this low estimated fecundity.
실험실에서 요각류 Acartia steueri 의 성장과 발생
강형구(Hyung Ku Kang),강용주(Yong Joo Kang) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.6
Development and growth of Acartia steueri from Ilkwang Bay, southeastern coast of Korea, were determined under various temperatures and food condition (Isochrysis galbana and Dunaliella salina) in the laboratory. Relationship between egg hatching time (D_E, dsy) and temperature (T, ℃) was D_E=744 (T+3.5)^(-1.97). Mean hatching success was 88.4% in temperature range of 8.4∼26.2℃. This suggests that A. steueri may be adapted to the temperature ranges in temperate regions. Post-embryonic development pattern was equiproportional rather than isochronal, with longer stage duration of copepodites than that of the nauplii. Stage duration of NI was the shortest of all developmental stages, while the duration of NII was the longest in duration of the other nauplii. Male was morphotogically distinguished from female in CIV stage, and male was developed faster than female. Median development time at a given temperature was calculated from the Be˘lehra´dek equation by proper multiplication of proportional coastant for embryonic develoment. Body carbon weight at 19.1℃ was increased exponentially with time. Mean spedfic growth rate of nauplii (0.200 d^(-1)), except for NI stage, was not significantly different from that of copepodites (0.190 d^(-1)), with the lowest rate in NVI stage (0.107 d^(-1)), probably due to eaergy consumption for metamorphosis rather than somatic growth. The results suggest that although the development pattern determined in this study was nat identical with Uye`s result for A. steueri (e.g. Uye, 1980b), median development time may be applicable to calculate the stage duration of A. steueri in this study area.
네트 망목 크기가 Acartia steueri ( Copepoda Calanoida ) 의 생체량 추정에 미치는 영향
강형구(Hyung Ku Kang),강용주(Yong Joo Kang) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.4
A series of 29 sampling with a 330 ㎛ and a 64 ㎛ mesh size of nets was conducted at a fixed station in Ilkwang Bay, southeast cost of Korea, from Oct. 2, 1991 to Oct. 10, 1992, to investigate the effects of mesh size of nets on biomass estimation of copepod Acartia steueri. The catch of copepodite and nauplius stages of A. steueri taken by two nets with different mesh size was different, showing that all developmental stages of A. steueri were retained on the 64 ㎛ mesh net, but only ≥stage 4 copepodite were caught by the 330 ㎛ mesh net. Abundance and biomass in each developmental stage estimated with the 64 ㎛ mesh net were significantly higher than those of the 330 ㎛ mesh net, except for adult female and stage 5 copepodite in female. The body length as well as the body width is likely to affect the catch of the nets. The mean biomass of A. steueri estimated with the traditional 330 ㎛ net was 2.8 times lower than the value obtained with the 64 ㎛ mesh net. However, the seasonal patterns of the biomass were comparable. These results suggest that accurate sampling strategy of the entire copepods assemblage including nauplii and copepodites are essential when estimating the abundance and biomass of copepods for the better understanding of the role of copepods in marine ecosystem.
최적의 업체 선정을 위해 Grey Relational Analysis와 Interval weight를 활용한 다중의사결정 방법론
강형구(Hyung-Ku Kang),김희성(Heeseong Kim),윤희용(Hee-Yong Youn) 한국정보과학회 2012 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.39 No.1A
본 논문의 연구목적은 Grey Relational Analysis와 Interval Weight을 이용하여 다수의 업체가 있는 커뮤니티 환경에서 최적의 업체를 선정하기 위한 방법론을 제공하는 것이다. 일반적으로 하나의 의사를 결정하기 위해서는 대안과 이와 관련된 기준과 같은 다양한 변수들이 고려되어야 한다. 커뮤니티 내의 다수의 업체 평가를 위해 평가기준에 대한 가중치를 도출하고 최종적으로 평가결과를 도출하기 위해 Grey Relational Analysis와 Interval Weight에 기반을 둔 다중의사결정 방법을 제안하였다.
이창래,강형구,최근형,Lee, Chang-Rae,Kang, Hyung-Ku,Choi, Keun-Hyung 한국해양과학기술원 2011 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.33 No.suppl3
We investigated latitudinal changes in mesozooplankton community structure during a cruise between October 16 and November 30 of 2007 from four distinctive regions in the northwestern Pacific Ocean: Warm pool area (longitude $135^{\circ}$ line), Philippine EEZ (PEEZ), Japan EEZ (JEEZ), and East China Sea (ECS). Major taxa of numerical importance were Clausocalanidae (Clausocalanus spp.), Oncaeidae (Oncaea spp.), and Oithonidae (Oithona spp.) in oligotrophic regions, however Paracalanidae (Paracalanus spp.) was the most abundant group in the ECS. Mesozooplankton size group of <1 mm dominated in PEEZ and WP (48% and 56%, respectively), but mesozooplankton (>1 mm) were of importance in the JEEZ and ECS (34% and 38%, respectively). Mesozooplankton biomass and abundance were high in the JEEZ and ECS, and low in the oligotrophic WP and PEEZ waters, with positive relationship with both total Chl-a and heterotrophic protist biomass. Latitudinal change in mesozooplankton community structure was related with water temperature, with copepods such as Lucicutia spp. and Pleuromamma spp. being present only in warm waters. The geographical expansion of mesozooplankton with a preference for warmer waters could potentially be useful as an indicator for detecting ocean warming.
사용자 성향을 고려한 Dempster-Shafer Theory 기반의 불확실한 데이터 추론
김희성(Heeseong Kim),강형구(Hyung-Ku Kang),윤희용(Hee-Yong Youn) 한국정보과학회 2012 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.39 No.1B
상황인식 서비스 분야에서 불확실한 데이터를 추론하는 것은 매우 어렵고 복잡하다. 이러한 상황정보들에서 얻어지는 데이터는 불확실성을 내포하고 있어서 불확실한 추론 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 비록 불확실성 문제들을 해결하기 위해 퍼지 이론, 뉴런 네트워크, 동적 베이지안 네트워크, 은닉 마르코프 모델과 같은 여러 종류의 방법들이 제시되었지만 이러한 방법들은 가설들을 하나의 숫자에 의해 신뢰의 정도를 표시하기 때문에 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 사용자들이 제공받는 서비스들에 대하여 만족도를 평가한 후 수집된 데이터를 활용하여 사용자들의 상관 관계를 분석한다. 그리고 Dempster-Shafer 이론을 사용하여 사용자들로부터 측정된 믿음 값을 융합한다. 이는 불확실성 값을 낮추어 추론결과의 정확성을 높이고 증거구간을 재설정하여 사용자들에게 신뢰성 있는 적응형 서비스를 제공하게 한다.