홀로세말 의림지 호소환경과 식생변천 고찰

강상준,이상헌,김주용,Kang, Sang-Joon,Yi, Sang-Heon,Kim, Ju-Yong 한국제4기학회 2009 제사기학회지 Vol.23 No.2

제천 의림지는 홀로세말에 형성된 호소로서 중부 내륙지역의 수문, 기후 및 식생변천 연구를 수행하기 위한 최적의 퇴적체를 포함하고 있다. 의림지 호소 퇴적체 중 ER3-1호공에서 AMS 탄소동위원소 연대측정 자료를 수반한 퇴적상과 화분군집산출상을 검토하여 고기후와 수문환경변화를 해석하였다. ER3-1호공의 고도 307.5m~309.5m 구간은 약 1,920 yrBP~1,420 yrBP 기간에 안정한 퇴적체를 보이며, 이 상부에는 과거 약 2000년 전 후에 재동된 퇴적물이 분포한다. 본 시추공의 화분군집산출을 보면 목본화분으로 소나무속, 참나무속이 우점한 것으로 보아 현존식생과 거의 유사한 식생환경으로 추론된다. 전반적으로 천변에는 오리나무속, 물푸레나무속, 버드나무속과 같은 호습윤성 교목이 생장했으며, 호안에는 부들, 수련, 고마리 등 수서식물이 생육했던 것으로 해석된다. 문화편년으로 볼 때 의림지는 청동기~철기시대 및 고대사회 초기에 축조되었던 것으로 추정된다. 의림지 입지환경과 호저 퇴적체에서 나타나는 양상은 약 3,200 yrBP~200 yrBP 기간 동안 전반적으로 서늘하고 건조한 시기(Cool and dry period)가 우세한 환경 하에서 참나무속-소나무속-전나무속을 우점으로 하는 식생군락이 형성되었던 것으로 보인다. AMS radiocarbon dates indicated that Eurimji reservoir, located at Jecheon City, Chungbuk Province, has been formed during the late Holocene Epoch. The sedimentary sequence at bottom reveals histories in hydrology, climate conditions and past vegetation dynamics. Ages controlled sedimentological and palynological analyses on ER 3-1 Core contribute to reconstruct paleoclimate and past hydrological conditions. These analyses suggest that lower interval (307.5m~309.5m elevations) of the ER 3-1 Core was deposited in stable from 1,920 yrBP to 1,420 yrBP, but upper layer sediment above these elevations was composed of reworked sediments during the pre and post 2,000 yrBP. Pollen assemblage indicates that watershed vegetation of the Eurimji reservoir, during the period of 1,920 yrBP~1,420 yrBP, was closely comparable to modern vegetation dominated Pinus and Quercus mixed vegetation. Also, riparian including Alnus, Fraxinus and Salix were inhabited along the banks of stream, and aquatics such as Typha, Nymphaea and Persicaria flourished at shore of the reservoir. According to cultural chronicle, it infers that the Eurimji reservoir was formed from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age or the beginning of ancient society. An integrated data suggested that Quercus-Pinus-Abies mixed forest flourished under cool and dry climate conditions during 3,200 yrBP~200 yrBP.

Measurement of Proton Beam Energy and Flux by Using a LYSO Crystal

강상준,김홍주,박환배,Heedong Kang,J. H. So,Kyeryung Kim,Sihhong Doh,Sungwhan Kim 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.3

We investigated the beam profiles of the 45-MeV proton beam from the MC-50 cyclotron at Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science. We used a 45-MeV proton beam of 0.2-nA beam current to measure the beam energy and flux. The 45-MeV proton beam passed through a 0.2-cm thick aluminum window capping the beam pipe and then was collimated to a 1-mm-diameter beam spot by using a 1-mm aluminum collimator. We examined the dependence of the energy profile of the proton beam on the transverse distance from the beam center by using the LYSO crystal scintillator. Also, the flux of the proton beam was measured with the LYSO crystal scintillator. Accurate information on the energy profile of the beam is important not only for understanding the characteristic of the beam but also for understanding the light output response of a scintillation crystal. From our investigation, the energy profiles of the beam at the near point from the center and some distance points from the center were found to be very different. Thus, it is very important to test the energy profile of the beam at the point where the detector will be located before one performs the beam test for a detector, such as a silicon sensor.

Growth of a CsI:CO3 Crystal and the Measurement of the Light Response of the CsI:CO3 Crystal to Protons

강상준,S. J. Ha,Heedong Kang,박환배,J. H. So,Jinho Moon,Sihhong Doh,Kyeryung Kim,김성환,김홍주 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.5

We grew a CsI:CO3 single crystal with a concentration of CO3 of 0.02 mole percent by using the Czochralski method. We cut the crystal into a size of 10.3 mm in diameter and 10.9 mm in length. We investigated the luminance characteristics of the CsI:CO3 crystal including the fluorescence decay time, the energy resolution and the pulse height spectrum, by using a 661-keV γ-ray source. The light response of the CsI:CO3 crystal was measured for a proton beam in the energy range from 11 MeV to 36 MeV by using the MC-50 cyclotron at the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS) with different thicknesses of aluminum degraders. We estimated the energies of the proton beam after passing through the degraders and 190-cm-thick air by using a Monte Carlo simulation based on the Geant4 simulation toolkit. We show that the scintillation response of the CsI:CO3 crystal to a proton beam in the above energy range is approximately linear.

Value and Trust in the Public Participation from the Case of Watershed Planning in US

Kang Sang-jun(강상준) 경기연구원 2009 GRI 연구논총 Vol.11 No.3

환경평가 시스템의 문제점과 미래 발전 전략

강상준(Sangjun Kang),김진오(Jin-Oh Kim) 경희대학교 산학협력단 예술디자인연구원 2020 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.23 No.2

우리나라의 환경영향평가 제도는 1977년 환경보전법이제정되면서 일정 규모 이상의 각종 개발사업과 행정계획등을 대상으로 환경영향을 평가함으로써 개발로 인해 예측되는 부정적인 영향을 사전에 방지 또는 최소화하는데기여해 왔다. 그러나, 이러한 정책적 이념과 목표에도 불구하고 미래 예측 및 평가에 대한 과학성의 한계와 도시계획 이후에 평가되는 절차적 한계, 평가 주체의 객관성과 공정성 문제, 일방적이고 행정 편의주의적인 주민소통 문제 등 다양한 문제에 직면하며 적지 않은 한계를드러내어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 환경평가가 지금까지 제기되었던 다양한문제와 더불어 최근 한국에서 중요한 이슈가 되고 있는 미세먼지와 도시계획과의 연계 문제, 4차산업 변화에 따른 대응 문제 등에 관해 논의하고자 하며 이를 통해 향후 환경평가가 지금의 제한된 한계를 극복하고 정책이념을 극대화함으로써 미래사회에 보다 효과적으로 대응하는데 도움이 되고자 한다. Since the establishment of Environmental Protection Law in 1977, the Korean Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) system has contributed to prevent or minimize negative environmental impacts from large-scale development and associated plans and policies. However, despite the ideology and goals, the EIA system has faced many problems such as scientific limitation for predicting and evaluating a variety of future environmental impacts, procedural limitation of later intervention after urban planning, problems of objectivity and justification of assessment entities and a one-sided communication with local residents by developers and EIA assessment agencies. The study aims to discuss the problems and limitations of the EIA system raised so far as well as particulate matters associated with urban planning, EIA strategies to cope with the big wave of fourth Industrial Revolution. We hope the discussion is helpful to overcome the problems and limitations of the EIA system and to prepare future strategies for improvement. according to the IRI image scale.

설악산 식물군락 유기물층의 화분 (花粉) 분석학적 연구

강상준(Sang Joon Kang),장익상(Ik Sang Chang),이창석(Chang Seok Lee) 한국식물학회 1987 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.30 No.4

A pollen analytical study was carried out on the accumulated humus samples collected from 27 sites under the different plant communities of Mt. Seolag. These pollen spectra were then compared with the actual vegetation. The aboreal pollen(AP) and non-aboreal pollen(NAP) were 1 Family 25 Genus and 5 Family 5 Genus, respectively. Among the aboreal pollen identified, the pollen of Pinus, Quercus, Betula and Acer were appeared in abundance and the coniferous pollen of Pinus was occupied at least 20%-65% through all the sites studied. The pollens of Abies, Betula, Acer, Quercus, Carpinus, Corylus, Fraxinus, Styrax, Prunus and Ericaceae were in accordance with the present vegetation but the other pollens were inconsistent with the actual vegetation. It suggests that it was caused by the differences of vertical transport, production, dispersion of pollens, and others. The altitudinal difference between Wehscolag and Namseolag of subalpine zone in Mt. Seolag was 200 m by pollen spectra. Quercus was distributed at the lower part of Namseolag and the subalpine boreal elements were increased with increasing altitudes. The pollen spectra of each site was put together into 5 groups of pollen assemblage by cluster analysis and the community coefficient (CC) was over 60% between all sites studied.

자동차 매연중의 미량금속이 토양 및 식물체에 미치는 영향

강상준(Sang Joon Kang),최혜숙(Hae Sook Choi) 한국식물학회 1972 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.15 No.3

This report deals with lead and zinc contamination of roadside soil and plants caused by motor vehicles as a function of distance from the road edge. The concentrations of Pb and Zn in roadside soil and plant samples from several locations decrease regularly with increasing distance from traffic. Soil samples up to 24m distance from the road edge are contaminated with more than 12.99 ppm lead, and 13.40 ppm zinc. The decrease in Pb and Zn contamination with increasing distance from the road is characteristically curvilinear; the relative coefficiency of Pb and Zn with distance is -0.69, -0.48, respectively. The average contents of Pb and Zn in plants are 21.5 ppm and 30.00 ppm. It is suggested that the contamination is related to the composition of gasoline, motor oil and to roadside of the residues of this metals.

속리산 신갈나무림의 토양충별 영양염류 함량과 분해율

강상준 ( Sang Joon Kang ),한동열 ( Dong Yeoul Han ) 한국환경생물학회 2004 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.22 No.1

속리산 국립공원 내 용바위골 지역(a.s.l. 560~640m)의 신갈나무림에서 토양에 축적된 유기탄소, 질소, 인 및 칼륨의 함량을 측정하고 또 Olson(1963)의 負지수곡선 모델을 적용하여 낙엽의 분해상수(k)와 분해시간(t)를 측정하였다. 유기탄소량은 L층 231.25 g m^(-2), F층 291.50 g m^(-2), H층 166.91 g m^(-2), 그리고 A₁층 174.51 g m^(-2)로 L층과 F층에서 높은 함량을 보였고, 질소함량 역시 L층과 F층에서 각각 17.47 mg g^(-1), 17.00 mg g^(-1)으로 많았으며, 인과 칼륨 함량은 H층과 A₁층에서 433.34 mg g^(-1), 392.74 mg g^(-1) 및 2,323.31 mg g^(-1), 2,155.57 mg g^(-1)으로 다른 토양층에 비하여 많았다. 토양 속 유기물의 분해상수는 유기탄소 k=0.3657, 질소 k=0.3319, 인 k=0.2050, 칼륨 k=0.0934이였고, 99%가 분해되는데 소요되는 시간은 유기탄소 13.94년, 질소 15.18년, 인 24.79년 그리고 칼륨 55.11년으로 순환 cycle이 없는 칼륨이 분해되는데 가장 오랜 시간이 소요되는 것으로 측정되었다. 신갈나무림에서 매년 유입되는 영양염류량과 집적층에 축적되는 영양염류량을 Turbo Pascal로 Programming한 후 신갈나무 군락의 상태를 진단해 본 결과, 임상에 유입된 유기탄소 중 87.67%인 714.84 g m^(-2), 축적된 유기탄소 중 81.62%인 1,594.62 g m^(-2)이 분해되어 유입되는 양과 분해되는 양이 거의 비슷하였다. 질소, 인 그리고 칼륨도 유입되는 영양염류량과 분해되는 영양염류량이 비슷하여 안정상태(steady state)를 유지하고 있는 군락으로 판단 되었다. The content of nutrients such as organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulated on soil layers in Quercus mongolica forest of Mt. Songnisan National Park located at central part of Korea was measured, and then the decomposition constants and decay times of the nutrients were also calculated by the negative coefficience model(Olson, 1963). The quantities of organic carbon of L-layer, F-layer, H-layer and A₁-layer of the forest stand were 231.25 g m^(-2), 291.50 g m^(-2), 166.91 g m^(-2) and 174.51 g m^(-2), respectively. The content of organic carbon and nitrogen contained in L-layer and F-layer showed large quantity than those of other layers. The large amount of phosphorus and potassium was observed at the H-layer and A₁-layer. On the other hand, the decomposition constants(k) of soil organic matter were as follows : organic carbon (k=0.3657), nitrogen (k=0.3319), phosphorus (k=0.2050), and potassium (k=0.0934) and the decay times needed to 99% decomposition of nutrients in soil organic matter were as follows: that is, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 13.94 years, 15.18 years, 24.79 years, and 55.11 years, respectively. By the application of Turbo Pascal Program on the inftowed and outflowed nutrients to the forest stand, 87.67% (714.84 g m^(-2)) of organic carbon inflowed was decomposed and 81.62% (1,594.62 g m^(-2)) of organic carbon accumulated was decomposed. And 84.98% of nitrogen inflowed was decomposed and 70.26% of nitrogen accumulated was also decayed. 50.00% of phosphorus input and 40.31% of potassium input were decomposed, and 38.46% of phosphorus and 33.03% of potassium accumulated were also decayed, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that Quercus mongolica forest surveyed in the present study is maintaining in steady state because input and output amounts of nutrients is shown a similar pattern.

건물침수지역과 시가지유형간의 관계에 대한 실증분석

강상준(Kang, Sangjun) 한국방재학회 2017 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구는 홍수로 인한 건물침수지역과 시가지 유형 사이에 어떠한 관계성이 존재하는가에 대한 실증분석을 목적으로 한다. 강원도 강릉시를 대상으로 Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA)를 이용하여 분석한 결과 2006년 강릉시 시가지 내주택침수지 총 681개는 각 시가지 유형별로 다음과 같이 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다: 군집형(Core) 60개소(8.8%), 교량형 (Bridge) 82개소(12%), 경계형(Edge) 66개소(9.7%), 가지형(Branch) 88개소(12.9%)가 입지하고 있었다. 그리고 가장 많은 385개소 (56.5%)는 섬형(Islet)의 시가지 유형을 갖는 시가지에서 관찰되었다. 즉 시가화지역 내 주택침수 대다수는 Islet 지역, 즉나 홀로 건축물, 에서 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 나 홀로 건물들은 도시홍수에 취약할 수 있음을 암시하고 있으며 이러한 관찰에 대한 설득력 있는 근거 제시는 추후연구를 통해 검증될 필요가 있다. 다만 현 시점 도시홍수 대책으로서나 홀로 아파트ㆍ주택의 침수대책은 고려할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this research is to investigate, empirically, the relationship between developed area types and flooded buildings due to urban flooding. The employed method is Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA) for the city of Gangneung by using flooding records for the year of 2006. The findings are as follows; The total 681 flooded buildings are located in each different type of developed area. 60 buildings(8.8%) are found in Core, 82(12%) in Bridge, 66(9.7%) in Edge, 88(12.9%) in Branch. The rests(385, 56.5%) are found in Islet. It means that buildings located in the fragmented type of developed area could be susceptible to urban flooding and the findings are required to be validated for the following researches. The results imply the importance of the needs of stand-alone buildings to minimize flooding damages.

시가화지역 공간상 위치분배와 폭염현상과의 관계성: 5개 광역시 사례

강상준 ( Sangjun Kang ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2021 환경영향평가 Vol.30 No.3

도시지역 폭염에 대한 보다 나은 이해를 위해서는 토지이용의 총량적 이해와 더불어서 토지이용의 공간적 위치분배와 폭염현상과의 관계성 이해도 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 군집개발과 파편화된 개발이 폭염일수와 순위상관관계를 보이고 있는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 주요연구방법으로는 형태학적공간패턴, 공간자기상관성, 스피어만상관성 분석을 이용하였다. 연구대상지는 대구, 광주, 울산, 부산, 대전광역시이며 폭염지표는 30년간 연간폭염일수로 설정하였다. 본 연구는 군집개발 유무보다는 나홀로 개발 등의 파편화개발방식이 폭염에 부정적이라는 점을 보여주고 있으며 이는 곧 개발형태가 폭염과 관계가 있음을 의미한다. To better understand the heat wave phenomenon in the urban areas, it is desirable to explore the relationship between spatial allocation of land use and the heat wave. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ranking correlation between heat wave days and developed types, specifically, core and islet developments. The methods employed are morphological spatial pattern, spatial autocorrelation, and spearman ranking correlation analyses by using the 30-year annual heat wave day records for the five metropolitans. This research indicates that a fragmented development pattern including islets has mostly negative effects to the urban heat wave phenomenon. It means there is a relation between development pattern and heat wave.