Lactobacillus casei subsp. 및 Streptococcus faecium이 생산한 항균성물질의 성상

강경구,마점술,Kang, Kyoung-koo,Mah, Jum-sool 대한수의학회 1993 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

Antibacterial substances produced by Lactobacillus casei subsp. and Streptococcus faecium were examined for its antibacterial effects against some pathogenic bacteria. They were partially purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, methanol-acetone extraction, G-50 gel filtration and examined its characteristics. When L casei subsp. and Str faecium were cultivated in MRS broth, stationary phase of L casei is until 24 hours and Str faecium is 20 hours. pH change of the cultured medium was both decreased after 12 hours and then constant at pH 4.5~4.6 after 28 hours. MRS broth culture fluids of L casei subsp. and Str faecium appeared the antibacterial effects by the spot-on-the-lawn method against ETEC, Sal pullorum and Sta aureus. Culture filtrates of L casei subsp. and Str faecium also appeared the antibacterial effects by the disc diffusion method. Culture filtrates of L casei sub. rhamnosus 7469 produced 0.032M of lactic acid and 0.01M of acetic acid. Str faecium 27273 also produced 0.027M of lactic acid and 0.01M of acetic acid. Protein concentrations of culture filtrates produced by L casei sub rhamnosus 7469 and Str faecium 27273 was $495{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $594{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively. Antibacterial substances which are partially purified by ammonum sulfate precipitation, methanol-acetone extraction and G-50 gel filtration inhibit the growth of ETEC, Sal pullorum and Sta aureus. Characteristics of purified antibacterial substances was examined. Its molecular weight was about 31Kd, stabilized at $100^{\circ}C/20min.$ and some of proteolytic enzyme treatment.

성철선의 이해와 실천을 위한 시론

강경구 ( Kang Kyoung-koo ) 성철사상연구원 2021 퇴옹학보 Vol.18 No.-

본고에서는 성철선의 3대 종지를 고찰하였다. 돈오원각론, 실참실오론, 구경무심론이 그것이다. 돈오원각론은 선문의 돈오와 부처의 원각이 동일한 것임을 강조한다. 돈오원각론은 『선문정로』의 전체 설법을 관통하는 주제의식이자 성철선의 제1종지에 해당한다. 실참실오론은 수행과 깨달음의 실질성, 직접성, 현재성을 중시한다. 실참실오론은 깨달음의 원리가 아니라 수행과 깨달음의 실질적 결과에 그 논의를 집중한다. 그러한 과정에서 개념적 이해가 남아 있는 해오, 문견(聞見) 등의 차원을 강력하게 배제한다. 그 대신 직접 확인이 가능한 실제 경계를 거듭 제시하는데 숙면일여, 내외명철 등이 그것이다. 이를 통해 선문정로는 참선수행의 지침서이자 그 수행과 깨달음의 차원을 점검하는 시금석이 된다. 구경무심론은 근본무명을 완전히 타파하여 아뢰야식을 벗어난 무심이라야 진정한 무심이며 견성의 조건이 된다는 점을 주장한다. 구경무심론은 유식학의 논의를 적극 활용한 점, 제7식의 설정을 반대한 점, 몽중일여를 제7지 6추에 숙면일여를 자재위 3세에 배대한 점, 무심의 범주를 아뢰야식의 3세 소멸로 한정한 점 등에서 성철선의 특징을 드러낸다. 다만 이것은 논의의 편의를 위해서이지 사실 전체 『선문정로』에서 이 돈오원각론, 실참실오론, 구경무심론은 서로가 서로를 성립시키는 3위일체적 관계에 있다. Effectively expresses Master Sungchol҆s idea of sŏn has been summarized at The best way to Sŏn(선문정로). This paper deals with three major aspects of Sungchol҆s idea of sŏn. These are the theory of sudden awakening complete awakening, the theory of practical meditation and practical awakening, and the theory of ultimate indifference. The theory of sudden awakening complete awakening emphasized that there is no difference between the awakening of Sŏn and the awakening of Buddha. The theory of practical meditation practical awakening values at the reality, immediacy, and presentness of meditation and of awakening. The theory of ultimate indifference insists that it is true indifference only if it completely breaks down the ignorance as well as ālāyavijñāna.

기존 지하철 터널의 유지관리 계측시스템 업그레이드를 위한 최신 IT기술 적용사례

우종태,강경구,Woo, Jong-Tae,Kang, Kyoung-Koo 한국구조물진단학회 2006 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회지 Vol.10 No.1

합성 강 상자형 도로교의 체계신뢰성 해석 및 안전도평가

조효남,이승재,강경구,Cho, Hyo Nam,Lee, Seung Jae,Kang, Kyoung Koo 대한토목학회 1993 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구에서는 각종 합성 강상자형 도로교에 대한 체계신뢰성 및 이에 기초한 내하력평가를 위하여 실용적이고 합리적인 신뢰성 모형과 해석방법을 개발하고자 한다. 합성 강상자형교의 신뢰성해석을 위해서는 휨강도 뿐만 아니라 휨, 전단 그리고 비틀림을 동시에 고려한 강도식에 기초하여 한계상태함수를 모형화 하였으며, 체계신뢰성 문제는 각 거더의 주요 파손기구에 기초한 FMA(Failure Mode Approach)방법을 사용하여 직 병렬 조합체계로서 정식화 하고 수치해석기법인 중요도표본추출기법(Importance Sampling Technique ; IST)을 사용하여 해석하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 추정된 체계신뢰성지수를 일반적인 제 1계 2차모멘트(First Order Second Moment ; FOSM)방법의 형태로 표현하여 유도한 등가의 시스템 내하력으로서 합성 강상자형교의 내하력을 평가하는 실질적이고 합리적인 방법을 제안하였다. 기설 교량에 대한 내하력 및 안전도평가 결과 전체시스템으로서의 보유안전도와 내하력은 교량의 부정정성이 높아질수록 개별 요소의 경우에 비해서 그 차이가 크게 됨을 알 수 있었으며, 제안된 체계신뢰성에 기초한 내하력평가 방법은 기설 합성 강상자형교의 실질적인 내하력평가 방법을 위하여 합리적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This paper develops practical and realistic reliability models and methods for the evaluation of system-reliability and system reliability-based rating of various types of box-girder bridge superstructures. The strength limit state model for box-girder bridges suggested in the paper are based on not only the basic flexural strength but also the strength interaction equations which simultaneously take into account flexure, shear and torsion. And the system reliability problem of box-girder superstructure is formulated as parallel-series models obtained from the FMA(Failure Mode Approach) based on major failure mechanisms or critical failure states of each girder. In the paper, an improved IST(Importance Sampling Technique) simulation algorithm is used for the system reliability analysis of the proposed models. This paper proposes a practical but rational approach for the evaluation of capacity rating in terms of the equivalent system-capacity rating corresponding to the estimated system-reliability index which is derived based on the concept of the equivalent FOSM(First Order Second Moment) form of system reliability index. The results of the reliability evaluation and rating of existing bridges indicate that the reserved reliability and capacity rating at system level are significantly different from those of element reliability or conventional methods especially in the case of highly redundant box-girder bridges.

천연형 인성장호르몬 DA-3002 의 단회 및 13 주 반봅투여독성연구

김옥진(Ok Jin Kim),강경구(Kyoung Koo Kang),안병옥(Byoung Ok Ahn),이순복(soon Bok Lee),김원배(Won Bae Kim),양중익(Junn Ick Yang),백남기(Nam Gi Baik) 한국응용약물학회 1994 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.2 No.2

This study was conducted to examine DA-3002, a biosynthetic human growth hormone, for its acute and subacute toxicities in mice and rats. The drug was administered subcutaneously and orally at a dose level of 1.0, 3.0, 8.9, 26.7 or 80.0 IU/㎏ once for single dose toxicity and given subcutaneously at a dose level of 0.34, 1.7 or 8.4 IU/㎏ daily for 13 weeks to investigate repeated dose toxicity. In the acute toxicity study, doses up to 80 IU/㎏ had no adverse effect on the behavior or body weight gain. Pathological examinations revealed no abnormal changes which could be attributed to toxic effect of DA-3002. In the subacute toxicity study, the growth hormone was tolerated well in both mice and rats. No drug related deaths occurred and all animals appeared to be normal throughout the dosing period. Increases in body weight gain, food utilisation and absolute organ weights were observed in the rats in the high dose group. Mild changes in the blood chemical parameters were also seen in the treated groups. Histopathologically, however, no abnormal changes were observed in any organ. The changes noted during the treatment periods presumably represent exaggerated pharmacological effects of the growth hormone, and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be more than 8.4 IU/㎏/day.

중산간지역(中山間地域)의 지역활성화에 대한 사례 연구 -일본 미야자키현 아야정(宮崎縣 綾町) 대사으로-

안기완 ( Ki Wan An ),강경구 ( Kyoung Koo Kang ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2009 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.21 No.1

새로운 Anthracycline 항암제 DA-125 의 조혈기독성 및 혈관장해성

김옥진,김원배,고광호,양중익,이순복,안병옥,강경구,백남기 한국응용약물학회 1993 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.1 No.2

Hematotoxicity and vascular irritation of DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, were investigated in mice and rabbits. In hematotoxicity study, healthy male ICR mice were treated with DA-125 by a single intravenous injection at doses of 18 and 24 mg/kg. After 4, 8, 12 and 16 days WBC count, RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, and platelet counts were measured respectively. As a positive control, 12 mg/kg of doxorubicin (DXR) was used in the same manner. Remakable reductions of WBC counts in groups treated with DA-125 or DXR were observed 4 days after administration and returned to normal range 8 days after injection in groups of DA-125 18 mg/kg and DXR 12 mg/kg. The recovery of leukopenia induced in a group of DA-125 24 mg/kg took about 16 days after administration. The RBC counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values also decreased in all drug treated groups on day 8 and recovered thereafter. The platelet counts of groups treated with DA-125 or DXR decreased on day 4 and recovered from day 8 of experiment. Local vascular irritation of DA-125 was also assessed in rabbits. The obtained results can be summarized as follows. 1. Thrombophlebitis was not induced even after daily intravenous administration of 0.4% solution of DA-125 or 0.2% solution of DXR for 7 days. 2. Macro- and microscopic observations revealed that the irritative activity of 0.4% solution of DA-125 in blood vessels was not so much different from that of saline when they were injected once a day into vein retroauricularis of rabbits for 7 days. 3. Mild inflammatory reaction was noted around vessels in rabbits treated with 0.2% solution of DXR after consecutive intravenous infusion for more than 5 days. 4. The potencies of vascular irritation of the test solutions were summarized in the following order; saline =0.4% DA-125<0.2% DXR. These results indicated that DA-125 showed similar pattern of hematotoxicity with DXR but was less hematotoxic than DXR, and that 0.4% solution of DA-125 did not elicit unusual toxic properties when injected through intravenous route for clinical practice.

새로운 Anthracycline 항암제 DA-125 의 항원성 및 면역독성에 대한 연구

김옥진,김원배,양중익,이순복,안병옥,강경구,백남기,정세영 한국응용약물학회 1993 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.1 No.2

Immunologic potential of DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was investigated using guinea pigs and mice. In antigenicity experiments, guinea pigs were sensitized subcutaneously with DA-125 or DA-125 incorporated in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) once a week for three weeks. No systemic anaphylaxis was induced by intravenous injection of DA-125 or DA-125 incubated with guinea pig serum after 3 weeks from the last sensitization. None of sera of these animals showed any passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction (PCA) when DA-125 or DA-125 incubated with guinea pig serum was used as a challenging antigen in homologous PCA experiment. On the other hand the treatment of guinea pigs with ovalbumin incorporated in CFA induced systemic anaphylactic reaction when challenged by intravenous injection of 5 mg/body of ovalbumin. Immunodiffusion test revealed no precipitating antibodies as detected in guinea pigs sensitized with DA-125. In 24-hour heterologous PCA reaction with sera of C57BL/6 mice immunized with DA-125 or DA-125 mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum), None of sera showed positive reaction when DA-125 or DA-125 incubated with rat serum was used as a challenging antigen. Sera of animals immunized with a mixture of ovalbumin and alum showed positive PCA reaction when 5 mg/body of ovalbumin was injected as a challenging antigen. In lymphocyte proliferation tests, spleen lymphocyte proliferation to PHA and LPS was similarly impaired by 12 mg/kg of DXR or 36 mg/kg of DA-125, and the immunodepressive activity of DA-125 showed a dose-dependent manner. From these results, it could be concluded that immunosupression of DA-125 would be comparable to that of DXR and that DA-125 would not induce systemic allergic reaction in its clinical use.

새로운 Anthracycline 항암제 DA-125 의 랫드에서의 아급성독성연구

김옥진,김원배,양중익,이순복,안병옥,강경구,백남기,이철용 한국응용약물학회 1993 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.1 No.2

DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats intravenously for 4 weeks to investigate the repeated dose toxicity. Focal alopecia was noted in three female rats receiving 1.0 mg/kg/day. In rats receiving 1.0 mg/kg/day, weight gain decreased in both sexes after first or second week. Hematological examination revealed lower counts of total leukocyte and increased numbers of platelet after second week. At terminal necropsy, atrophy of thymus and spleen was observed. Lymphocytic depletion of thymus and atrophy of white pulp in spleen were observed microscopically. A decrease in the number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and degeneration of germinal epithelia in testes were also observed. These treatment-related effects were mainly confined to rats receiving 1.0 mg/kg/day. And toxic effects with microscopic changes were not observed in rats receiving 0.2 mg/kg/day or 0.04 mg/kg/day.