개량종 돼지와 재래 흑돼지에서 도체중과 등지방 두께간의 상관 관계

가천흥,이종인,김병완,고용균,김종복 강원대학교 동물생명과학연구소(구 강원대학교 동물자원공동연구소) 2007 동물자원연구 Vol.18 No.-

This study was conducted to compare the carcass characteristics of native type black pigs (Black pigs) with those of commercial cross bred pigs (Commercial pigs) with the data collected from pig farms. 8364 and 33786 records were collected from Black pigs and the Commercial pigs, respectively. The Commercial pigs were mainly from three breed crosses of Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc. Commercial pig data was subdivided into manual and machine sub data set on the judging method. Black pigs showed lower carcass weight (CWT) and thinner back fat thickness (BFT) than Commercial pigs. However, the ratio of BFT to CWT (BFT/CWT ratio) was higher in Black pigs than Commercial pigs. The carcass grades of Commercial pigs were mostly in A and B, C, and D in descending order, while the grades D or E were observed in most carcass of Black pigs. Barrow tended to be thicker in BFT and higher in BFT/CWT ratio than gilt both in Commercial and Black pigs, and gilt were higher in loin depth (LD) and Estimated Lean Yield Percentage (ELP) which were available only in the data by machine evaluation of Commercial pigs. Residual correlation coefficient (+0.496) between carcass weight and back fat thickness in Black pigs did not differ from those in Commercial pigs which were +0.434 and +0.414 in the data by manual and machine evaluation, respectively. The linear regression coefficients of back fat thickness on carcass weight were +0.364 mm in Black pigs, and +0.257 mm (manual evaluation) and +0.236 (machine evaluation) in Commercial pigs, which suggests relative accumulation rate of BFT to the growth of weight was faster in Black pigs than Commercial pigs.

갑상선 호르몬의 경구투여가 육계의 사양성적, 체조성, 혈청 호르몬 농도 및 에너지 대사에 미치는 영향

가천흥,김창혁,채병조,이영철 한국가금학회 1999 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary thyroid hormone (T$_3$and T$_4$) on growth, feed conversion ratio and serum T$_3$or T$_4$concentration of broiler chicks. Zero to six week-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into seven treatment groups for feeding trials with three replication : control, T$_3$(0.1), T$_3$(1.0), T$_3$(5.0), T$_4$(0.1), T$_4$(1.0), T$_4$(5.0) ppm group. Concentrations of T$_3$and T$_4$in serum were analyzed. The weight gain of T$_3$(1.0), T$_3$(5.0) and T$_4$(5.0) groups were significantly lower than that of control. No statistically significant adverse effect was observed in other groups (p〉0.05). Feed intake was significantly lower in T$_3$(0.1, 1.0 and 5.0) and T$_4$(5.0) than in control group (p〈0.05), and the feed conversion ratio had a similar trend to the feed intake change. The contents of liquid and abdominal fat pad in carcass were significantly decreased in all T$_3$and T$_4$groups (p〈0.05). T$_3$and T$_4$concentration in serum was significantly increased at over 1.0ppm of the hormone supplementation level. As T$_3$addition level increased, T$_4$concentration in serum reduced ; however, T$_3$in serum was directly proportional during fasted were slightly increased when T$_3$or T$_4$was added to broiler diets.

폐기균체의 특성 및 사료가치 평가

오진석,가천흥,라창식,신종서,홍병주 강원대학교 동물생명과학연구소(구 강원대학교 동물자원공동연구소) 2002 동물자원연구 Vol.13 No.-

회분식 시스템의 돈사폐수 처리효율 : 전문인력 없는 축산농가 여건에서의 Pilot 규모 시험

원승건,김용호,가천흥,오진석,김창혁,신종서,라창식 강원대학교 동물생명과학연구소(구 강원대학교 동물자원공동연구소) 2000 동물자원연구 Vol.11 No.-

퇴비화 시설용 천연 악취저감제로의 잣송이 부산물의 활용 가능성에 관한 연구

천현식,곽정훈,가천흥,박재인,김창혁,라창식,Chun, H.S.,Kwag, J.YH.,Ga, C.H.,Park, J.I.,Kim, C.H.,Ra, C.S. 한국축산환경학회 2007 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구에서는 잣송이 부산물을 이용하여 인체와 가축에는 무해한 천연 잣송이 부산물 악취저감제를 제조하고 돈분뇨 퇴비화과정에 적용하여 악취 저감효과와 퇴비화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 잣송이 부산물 악취저감제는 분쇄된 잣송이 부산물, 3종의 미생물(Lactobacillus spp., Alcaligenes spp., Pasteurella spp.) 그리고 무기영양소가 첨가된 당밀수를 혼합하여 수분함량을 55%로 조정한 후 $30^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 배양하여 제조하였다. 실험 처리구는 대조구인 톱밥처리구(T1),톱밥과 3종의 미생물을 혼합한 처리구(T2), 톱밥과 제조된 악취저감제(NDA) 처리구(T3)로 하여 실험실 규모의 반응기 내에서 퇴비화를 진행하면서 실험한 결과 퇴비화 기간 동안 모든 실험구는 최고온도 $55^{\circ}C$ 이상까지 상승하며 병원성 유해미생물들이 사멸되는 퇴비화 적정온도 조건에 부합하였다. 또한 퇴비화 전, 후의 이화학적 성상 변화를 분석한 결과 처리구간 큰 차이가 발견되지 않았으나 제조된 악취저감제를 20%이상 사용시 유기물 분해율이 적어져 퇴비화 과정에서 충분한 온도 상승이 이루어지지 않을 우려가 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 악취저감제 사용 시 퇴비화 과정 중 암모니아 가스 발생에 따른 질소소실이 상대적으로 적어 최종 퇴비물질의 질소함량이 상대적으로 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 퇴비화 기간 중 암모니아($NH_3$)가스 발생양상을 분석한 결과 황화수소($H_2S$)와 머캅탄($CH_3SH$) 등의 황화합물 가스와는 달리 퇴비화 전 과정을 거쳐 지속적으로 발생함을 알 수 있었다. 퇴비화 반응조에서 발생한 암모니아 가스 농도를 비교할 때 31일 동안 포집된 암모니아의 농도는 T1, T2, T3 각각 12,660 mg/L, 11,598 mg/L, 7,367 mg/L로 잣송이 부산물을 이용하여 제조된 악취저감제를 첨가한 T3에서 암모니아가스의 발생이 확실하게 저감됨을 알 수 있었다. 퇴비화 과정 중 발생하는 머캅탄($CH_3SH$)과 황화수소($H_25$)의 일일발생량과 축적량을 측정한 시험에서 제조된 악취저감제를 첨가한 T3에서는 황화수소 가스와 머캅탄 가스가 크게 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 미뤄 잣송이 부산물과 미생물을 혼합하여 제조된 악취저감제의 적량 이용은 퇴비화 과정과 퇴비 품질에 영향을 미치지 않으며 퇴비화 과정 중 발생하는 악취물질을 저감시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. A natural deodorizing agent (NDA) was made using pine cone byproduct, and its effects on malodor emission and composting were analyzed in this study. NDA was manufactured by mixing pine cone byproduct with three species of microorganisms and water containing mineral nutrients and molasses, and then by incubating for 48 hours at $30^{\circ}C$. Lab scale experiments were done with three treatment groups, T1 (control, sawdust treatment), T2 (microorganisms and sawdust treatment group), and T3 (NDA and sawdust treatment group). During composting, temperatures reached over $55^{\circ}C$, a minimum temperature for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. No differences were found in physicochemical composition of compost among treatments. However, it was observed that over usage of NDA could obstruct temperature increase, since the biodegradation rate of organic matter of NDA was relatively low, Nitrogen loss due to ammonia gas emission, which normally happens during composting, was reduced by using NDA, and hence the nitrogen level of final compost was higher in T3 than in others. During experiment, it was found that ammonia gas emission was entirely lasted through compositing duration, but the $CH_3SH$ and $H_2S$ gases were produced only at early stage of composting. The ammonia concentration trapped in $H_2SO_4$ solution during 31 days of composting in T1, T2 and T3 was 12,660mg/L, 11,598mg/L and 7,367mg/L, respectively, showing distinguishable reduction of ammonia gas emission in T3. The emissions of $CH_3SH$ and $H_2S$ gases were also remarkably reduced in T3. Based on these obtained results, usage of the deodorizing agent made with pine cone byproduct could reduce the emission of malodor during composting, without any deterioration of compost quality.

아질산염 및 trehalose를 이용한 염지가 산란노계육의 겨울철 자연건조 중 연도, 지방산화 및 단백질 부패에 미치는 영향

이익선,강선문,Panjono,가천흥,이성기 한국가금학회 2008 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.25 No.-

This experiment was investigated the effects of curing by sodium nitrite and trehalose on the quality of layer meat during natural drying in winter season. One hundred fifty heads of 80-week-old layer hens were divided into three groups. The average weight of each carcass was 1,600 g. The first group was dried without curing as a control; the second group was cured with regal brine mix (sodium nitrite 1.44%) 6.4 g, salt 11.2 g, dextrose 8 g, seasoning 48 g and potassium sorbate 3.2 g for each carcass. The third group was cured with same curing agents for the second group and added with Trehalose 32 g. After 7 days of curing, carcasses were natural dried for three months. After three months of drying, the moisture content of third group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of first and second groups. After three months of drying, the shear force of the second and third groups was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the first group. At the same time, the TBARS and VBN values of the second and third groups was significantly lower(P<0.05) than that of first group. It was concluded that curing treatments affect tenderness, lipid and protein stability during natural drying. According to quality and sensory analysis, there were no problems to eat dry cured layer meat until 3 month storage.

겨울철 자연 동결 건조에 의한 노계 육제품의 제조

이성기,강선문,이익선,서동관,권일경,판조노,김희주,가천흥,박재인,Lee, Sung-Ki,Kang, Sun-Moon,Lee, Ik-Sun,Seo, Dong-Kwan,Kwon, Il-Kyung,Pan, Jo-No,Kim, Hee-Ju,Ga, Cheon-Heung,Pak, Jae-In 한국축산식품학회 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.2

The objective of this study was to manufacture spent layer chicken meat products by natural freeze-drying. The spent layers of chickens that were slaughtered at 80 wk were obtained from a local slaughter house and separated into two halves of carcasses. The samples were divided into the following groups: 1) control (non-curing), 2) curing, and 3) curing with 2% trehalose before drying. The cured meats were placed at $2^{\circ}C$ for 7 d and then transferred to a natural drying spot located in Injae City, Gangwondo, Korea. The experiment was conducted from January to March in 2008. The average temperature, RH, and wind speed were $-1.5^{\circ}C$, 63%, and 1.8 m/sec, respectively. The cured treatments showed higher pH, lower Aw and lower shear force value compared with the control. Based on the results of TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) level and volatile basic nitrogen value, lipid oxidation and protein deterioration were inhibited in curing treatments during drying. Trehalose acted as a humectant because it maintained a lower water activity despite the relatively higher moisture content during drying. The polyunsaturated fatty acids content and sensory attributes were higher in cured treatments than in the control during drying. Most of the bacterial counts in the treated groups were lower by 2 Log CFU/g after 1 mon of drying, and Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. were not found in any treatment. There was also no microbial safety problem associated with dried meat products. Based on the results of this experiment, dried meat products could be manufactured from precured spent layer chickens by natural freeze-drying during winter.