Tissue Specific Expression of Wound-Inducible RCaM-2 Promoter in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

최영주,Choi Young Ju Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

To study calmodulin (CaM) gene expression and its regulation, rice CaM promoter (RCaM-2) was isolated and fused to $\beta-glucuronidase$ (GUS), reporter gene. X-Glue staining patterns revealed that GUS localization is high in meristemic tissues such as the stem apex, stolen tip, and vascular regions. GUS staining in the transverse sections of stem and petiole was restricted to the inside of the vascular system, and cortex and epidermis located outside of the vascular system usually did not show GUS staining even a plant that expressed strong activity. GUS activity was found to be tissue specific expressed and exhibited a dramatic transient increase in response to wounding. These results suggest that the 5'-flanking region of RCaM gene regulates wound-inducible expression. Calmodulin 유전자의 발현 조절을 연구하기 위해, 벼 calmodulin promoter (RCaM-2)를 분리하여 GUS (report 유전자)에 융합하였다. GUS 활성은 정단조직, 근단 및 관다발 영역과 같은 성장조직에서 높게 발현되었다. 줄기와 페티올의 transverse 절단부위 GUS 활성은 관다발계의 안쪽에 제한되었으며 관다발계의 외부에 위치한 피층과 표피에서는 강하게 발현된 식물에서도 GUS 활성이 나타나지 않았다. GUS 활성은 어린 조직에서 특이적으로 발현되었으며 상처에 의해서 신속하게 증가하였다. RCaM-2 promoter는 세포분열이 왕성한 어린조직이나 생장점에서 강하게 발현되며 mechanical 신호에 의해서 현저히 유도되었다. 이러한 결과는 RCaM-2 유전자의 5'-flanking 영역이 상처에 의해서 유도되는 발현을 조절하는 것으로 추정된다.

안구운동장애를 동반한 눈꺼풀처짐 환자에서 실리콘줄을 이용한 이마근걸기술

최영주,김윤덕,Young-Joo Choi,Yoon-Duck Kim 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of frontalis sling operation with silicone rods in patients with compromised corneal protective mechanisms. Methods: The authors retrospectively studied 6 consecutive patients (7 eyelids) with severe blepharoptosis with poor ocular motility who had undergone frontalis sling operations using silicone rods. Results: Preoperative diagnoses included third nerve palsy in 4 patients, double elevator palsy in 1 patient, and suspicious oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy in 1 patient. With a mean follow‐up of 27.7 months, a good final lid height was achieved in all 7 eyelids. Mild exposure keratopathy occurred postoperatively in 3 patients. During the follow-up period, no other significant complications, such as extrusion of the sling or infection, occurred. Conclusions: Silicone rods are effective and safe materials for use in frontalis suspension in treating blepharoptosis in patients with inadequate or absent Bell’s phenomenon, resulting in poor eye protective mechanisms associated with an increased incidence of corneal exposure. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(4):548-554, 2008

간접 광대전에 의한 서브 마이크론 입자의 단극하전 특성

최영주,김상수,Choi, Young-Joo,Kim, Sang-Soo 대한기계학회 2003 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.27 No.6

A new unipolar aerosol charger was developed by using an indirect photoelectric charging. The charger consists of two coaxial tubes, the inner UV lamp wrapped with stainless mesh and the outer Al cylinder. In this study, the effects of flow rate, particle size, and electric field were examined to search the optimal charging conditions with experimental and numerical methods. Monodisperse NaCl particles were fed into an annular space and the particles were charged by negative ions generated from Al plate exposed to the UV light. According to experimental results, the average number of elementary charge on particles increases from 2.5 to 5.5 as particle size increases from 50nm to 130nm at 2.5 L/min and 100V. The average number of elementary charge on particles was maximized at 25V as the electric potential between the stainless mesh and Al plate was varied from 0V to 400V.

아파트 거주자의 커뮤니티센터 시설 및 프로그램 만족도 -광주광역시 아파트를 중심으로-

최영주,김미희,Choi, Young-Joo,Kim, Mi-Hee 한국주거학회 2009 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.5

The purpose of this study is to suggest the design guide-lines for the community center through the analysis of users' satisfaction on the community facilities and programs. This study was approached by using theoretical investigation, a field survey and a questionnaire survey. The field survey was analyzed the current situations by conducting a housing managers' interview and viewing a blueprint of the community center. The questionnaire survey was tested by examining five different apartment complexes of over 500 households in Gwang-ju, which were all built between 2005 and 2007, 268 users were interviewed for the questionnaire survey. After all the questionnaires were collected, the data was coded and analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. Statistics used from data analysis were frequencies, means, standard deviations, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and correlation analysis. To conclusion, the satisfaction and usage of community facilities and programs shows higher for the indoor exercise/sports; such as, yoga, golf, and health programs than others. There is no strong correlation between the location and layout of community facility in apartment complex. However, this study could be a reference data when planning a new community center where plans to have community facilities and programs to satisfy its future users.

질소고정균의 성장과 질소고정력에 대한 osmoprotectant 의 영향

최영주,갈상완 ( Young Ju Choi,Sang Wan Gal ) 한국응용생명화학회 1998 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.41 No.1

The Rhizobium and Azospirillum spp. were isolated from the root nodules of several leguminous plants and rhizosphere of various paddy rice varieties. The growth of the nitrogen-fixing strains isolated was largely inhibited in yeast extract-mannitol medium (AMA) containing 0.6 M NaCl. In response to osmotic stress, the nitrogen-fixing strains accumulate intracellular free glutamate. The growth and nitrogenase activity of Rhizobium and Azospirillum were increased by addition of osmoprotectants such as proline, glycine betaine, and glutamate during salt stress. Glycine betaine was the most effective among exogenous osmoprotectants tested. In the absence of sodium chloride, nitrogenase activity seem to be slightly decreased by the presence of the proline or glycine betaine. These results revealed that nitrogenase activity was repressed by fixed nitrogens such as proline or glycine betaine.

Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction Characteristics of Indigenous Soybean Rhizobia Distributed in Korea Soils

최영주,최용락,윤한대,유진창,이상규,조무제,Choi, Young-Ju,Choi, Yong-Lark,Yun, Han-Dae,Ryu, Jin-Chang,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Cho, Moo-Je 한국응용생명화학회 1986 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.29 No.2

연속적으로 대두를 재배한 토양과 신개간지 토양에서 재배한 대두 품종 단엽의 근류로부터 토착대두 근류근 87종을 분리하고 이들을 생장속도에 따라 Bradyrhizobium japonicum (slow-grower) 및 Rhizobium fredii (fast-grower)로 분류한 결과 전자가 55종, 후자가 32종이었다. 이두그룹의 대두 근류균을 질산염 환원특성에 따라 denitrifying fast-grower(F-1), nitrate respiring fast-grower(F-II), denitrifying slow-grower(S-I), 및 nitrate respiring slow-grower (S-II)로 세분 되었으며, 분리균주 총 87종중 S-I, S-II, F-I 및 F-II의 수는 각각 10, 22, 48 및 7종이었다. 이들 각 group 대두 근류균의 균체단백질의 전기영동 pattern상의의 차이를 1차 및 2차원 전기영동으로 분석한 결과 slow 및 fast-grower간에는 현저한 차이를 관찰할 수 있었으나 동일 생장속도를 가진 것 중 denitrifer와 nitrate repirer간에는 큰 차이가 없었다. Eightyseven strains of indigenous Rhizobia were isolated from the nodule of soybean cultivar, Danyup, cultivated in four different soils sampled from continuously soybean cultivated and newly reclaimed fields. The strains were grouped into Bradyrhizobium japanicum (slow-grower:55 strains) and Rhizobium fredii (fast-grower: 32 strains). The both groups could be divided into two sub-groups according to the denitrification characteristics, that is, denitrifying fast-grower (F-I), nitrate respiring fast-grower (F-II), denitrifying slow-grower (S-I). and nitrate respiring slow-grower (S-II). Among the 87 isolates, F-I, F-II, S-I and S-II sub-groups were 10, 22, 48 and 7 strains, respectively. The one-and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern of the four sub-groups were compared and discernible difference was observed between fast and slow-grower, but the difference was not discernible between subgroups within the same growth rate group.

안와 병변에 대한 감마나이프 방사선수술

최영주,이정일,김윤덕,Young-Joo Choi,M,D,Jung-Il Lee,M,D,Yoon-Duck Kim,M,D 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treating orbital lesions with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS). Methods: Between April 2004 and January 2006, ten patients who had orbital tumors or vascular lesions and who underwent GKS were included in this retrospective study. Results: Ten patients with orbital lesions were treated with GKS. The group of orbital lesions consisted of 5 meningiomas, 2 schwannomas, 1 cavernous hemangioma, 1 arteriovenous fistula, and 1 adenoidcystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. The most common symptom was proptosis. The tumors were located at the orbital apex in eight patients, and five of these patients were treated with fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery. The mean cumulative marginal dose was 17.0 Gy (12-20 Gy), and the mean cumulative maximal dose was 30.8 Gy (16.2-40.4 Gy). The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 25 months (mean 13.9 months). During the follow-up period, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a decrease of tumor volume in 3 patients with symptomatic improvement. In two patients, tumor volume increased. No radiation-induced optic neuropathy, retinopathy, or cataract was observed in any of the 10 patients during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Gamma knife radiosurgery is an effective and relatively safe treatment when orbital lesions have a high risk of neurosurgical deficits with surgery, when they recur after incomplete resection, or when complete removal of tumor is impossible.

Two Types of Verbs Created with Concrete Nouns

Yoon-kyoung Joh(조윤경),Youngju Choi(최영주) 언어과학회 2017 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.82

Clark and Clark (1979) claim that innovative denominal verbs in English select their meanings uniquely in a given context. However, recently, Choi (2016) suggests that Korean concrete-noun- hata verbs, which correspond to English denominal verbs, possibly select multiple meanings in one context. Adopting the relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson (1986) and Wilson and Sperber (2006), the paper demonstrates that Choi"s suggestion can also be applied to English denominal verbs. This paper also explains why most innovative denominal verbs in English seem to choose a single meaning in a given context. When verbs created with concrete nouns are less stable, they try to maximize cognitive effects by strengthening previously held assumptions and by eliminating false assumptions rather than adding more meanings.

탈경계적 글쓰기: 크림프(Martin Crimp)의〈그녀의 삶에 대한 시도들〉(Attempts on her Life)에서 본 시네마토그라피적 글쓰기

최영주 ( Young Joo Choi ) 한국드라마학회 2011 드라마연구 Vol.- No.34

Since the 1990s, postmodern performance or postdramatic theatre have explored the possibility to present the real here and now. Their methodologies focused on the way howto reject the conventional representation and its dramatic formor subvert them. Instead, they have struggled with the limits of the representation or with the newvisual images employing the media. Here arose the problems. They would consciously or unconsciously have ignored the social reality being immersed with creating or mixing audio-visual images. At the same time, they were suppressing playwright`s earnest creative writing. In this situation, writing for the performance faced a crisis to survive. Cross-boundary writing could lead to an escape route. Writing for the performance had to face the present theatrical condition that the theatre performance was intentionally marginalizing the writing practice. This paper suggests to cross the boundary, to overcome the limits, and to innate the social reality within theatrical frames as well as critical perspectives. If directors or practicers are suppressing the writing, then what is the alternative? How can the writing achieve the literary, performative, and media mediated writing? This paper suggests the cross-boundary writing method could be an option to be taken by to disturb, to escape, and to enlarge the boundaries. Nonetheless, the concept as the words implicated could be an empty slogan because it could not define its form and its limit. So, it would be useful to explore its possibility by analyzing the text as an example. Though, it could not but provide one directional possibility rather than comprehensive ones. This paper has chosen Crimp`s Attempts on her Life as an example focusing on the stylistic characteristic and cinematographic writing. As a result, this paper found the possibilities; multiple scenes could be constructed as a collage; fragmented narratives could be mixed within the montage; narrator could build the characters in their verbal space; the characters freed from the representation could achieve schizophrenic and could transform their egos; the alienation between the text and the stage could open the possibility of the performance; the audience could posit themselves as a conscious and recognizing subject; the reality could be inserted within the fragmented phrases or the scenes. 90년대 이후 확산되고 있는 포스트모던 퍼포먼스나 포스트드라마 연극은 그것이 기존의 드라마 중심의 연극 보다 실재(reality)를 포착하는 데에 있어 더욱 용이하다는 점에서 주목받고 있다. 지금ㆍ이곳의 사건으로서 퍼포먼스 연극은 종래의 드라마 형식을 거부하거나 그 한계에 도전하던지 또는 전복시킴으로써 탐색되어 왔다. 무대는 공공연히 ``작가의 죽음``을 선포하며 연출가의 실험과 도전의 영역으로 전용되었던 것이다. 이 경우, 문제는 이미지의 복제와 유희에 치우치거나 기존의 재현의 한계에 도전하여 시청각적 이미지를 만들어내는 데에 몰두함으로써 현실의 문제를 외면한다는 데서 파생한다. 또한 작가의 진지한 글쓰기가 억압되었다는 것도 간과할 수 없는 문제이다. 이 같은 상황에서 글쓰기의 문제는 기존의 재현의 한계를 극복하고, 연출가의 글쓰기나 텍스트 구성이 간과하고 있는 현실의 문제를 통찰하며, 나아가 동시대의 공연 양식에 적합한 글쓰기 방식을 계발함으로써 문제를 극복할 수 있게 된다. 연출가와 실천가들이 임의적으로 만든 공연 텍스트가 작가의 진지한 글쓰기를 통해 완성된 문학적 텍스트를 억압하고 있다면, 그 대안은 무엇인가? 보들리야리가 주장하듯이 가상현실이 실재를 주장하는 상황에서 ``드라마적 문학과 예술을 통합``하면서 새로운 매체를 수용한 글쓰기란 가능한가? 탈경계적 글쓰기는 글쓰기의 범주를 교란하고 끝없이 확장해가며 경계를 이탈하는 데서 그 대안이 될 수 있다. 그러나 탈경계적 글쓰기란 언어의 의미가 함축하듯이 범주와 형태를 규정할 수 없음으로 해서 공허한 개념으로 머무를 가능성이 다분하다. 때문에 하나의 전례를 택해 그 글쓰기의 방식을 살펴보는 것은 탈경계적 글쓰기의 실천적 사례를 통해 그 가능성을 탐색하는 하나의 방법이 될 수 있을 법하다. 다만, 하나의 텍스트에 내재하는 글쓰기의 가능성은 제한된 것이기에 포괄적인 대안으로 볼 수 없다는 한계를 지닌다. 이 글은 크림프의〈그녀의 삶에 대한 시도들〉을 통해 그 가능성을 살펴보았다. 그리고 그 서사의 방식과 구성 방식이 텔레비주얼 이미지를 내재하는 데 초점을 두고 있다는 데에 착안하여 시네마토그라픽적 글쓰기의 실천 사례로 파악하였다. 분석 결과, 콜라주처럼 분절된 서사의 몽타주가 다중 장면을 구성하는 표현 가능성, 등장인물 대신 화자가 관객과 대면하여 등장인물을 구성할 수 있다는 가능성, 동시에 분열된 다중적 자아와 변신을 통한 인물 구성의 가능성, 텍스트와 무대의 분리로 인한 퍼포먼스의 표현 가능성, 인식 주체로서의 관객의 위치와 현실 문제의 내장 가능성을 확인하였다.

은유적 함의의 부분성: [삶은 야구] 은유를 중심으로

최영주(Youngju Choi) 현대문법학회 2019 현대문법연구 Vol.103 No.-

Metaphor is a mapping between elements of source and target domains. When the mapping arises, rich background knowledge of source elements, which is called metaphorical inference, is mapped onto a target domain, resulting in metaphorical entailment. Since Lakoff and Johnson (1980), the mapping has been considered as being partial. It has been claimed that some of the elements are highlighted in the mapping and others are hidden. However, the partial nature of the metaphorical entailment has not been discussed so far. Bridging the gap, this paper observes the partial nature of metaphorical entailment, conducting the case study with the metaphor LIFE IS A BASEBALL GAME. The detailed investigation of the metaphor reveals that there are four different types of the partial entailment and that the partial nature of the entailment is due to the metonymic highlighting of various inferences.