한국인 소아의 rotavirus성 설사증에 관한 연구

강정옥,김기홍,이근수 한양대학교 의과대학 1984 한양의대 학술지 Vol.4 No.1

Six hundred and fourteen infants and children, who were hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis to the Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital between March 1982 and February 1983, were examined for human rotavirus by ELISA and for bacterial pathogens. Among 614 stool samples 217 were randomly selected for both ELISA and EM examination to compare the efficiency of detection of human rotavirus in stool by both methods. Human rotavirus was detected by ELISA in the stools of 161(26.2%) among 614 patients. Campylobacter jejuni were isolated in the stools of 33(5.4%), Shigella species 30(4.9%), and Samonella species 3 patients(0.5%). Although human rotavirus was detected throughout the year, the incidence began to increase significantly from September (16 patients) and peak incidence observed in October (55 patients). The seasonal incidence of rotavirus diarrhea was significantly higher in autumn(106 patients) than that winter (30 patients). Among 579 diarrheal patients whose date of birth were known, 500 (86%) were under 24 months of age. Among 147 rotavirus detected patients, 124(84%)were between 6 and 24 months of age. The youngest rotavirus positive patient was 33 days of age and that of oldest was 7 years of age. The efficiency of detection of human rotavirus in stool specimens by ELISA was compared with EM. Among 217 stools examined, rotavirus was detected in 69(31.8%) by ELISA and 62(28.6%) by EM. Concordance was found in 192(88%) of 217 patients examined by both methods and there was no statisically significant difference in the detection rate (p=0.23). However 16 ELISA positive, but EM negative stool specimens were reexamined by EM after ultracentrication and found to be EM positive in 6 stool specimens.

서평: “미생물의 참모습: 마이크로바이옴에서 크리스퍼까지”

강정옥 대한임상미생물학회 2022 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.25 No.2

At the time when owing to COVID-19 pandemic, the public is more interested in infectiousdiseases and pathogens than in any other period, a book titled “The New Microbiology: FromMicrobiomes to CRISPR” by the renowned microbiologist Pascale Cossart was translatedand published by our colleague. In this book, the author describes important discoveriesand new conceptual advances in the field of microbiology over the past century. The authoremphasizes that bacteria form a microbiome and lead a social life and explains the impactand importance of the microbiome on human health and ecosystem. Further, the discoveryof ‘CRISPR,’ which led to the era of genome editing and gene therapy, has been describedin details. This book will dramatically change our perspective regarding all living things,including bacteria, plants, animals, and even insects, as well as our eating habits and dailylife, based on the new understanding of microorganisms. I recommend reading this bookas I am sure that it will broaden the perspectives of both clinical microbiologists and healthcare workers.

국내 의료기관의 호흡기바이러스 검사현황 및 5개 대학병원에서검출된 호흡기바이러스 역학

강정옥,김의종,이규만,이남용,이창규 대한임상미생물학회 2007 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.10 No.2

Background: Respiratory viruses (RV) are important pathogen in both children and immunocompromised hosts. Rapid diagnosis of RV is important to manage patients and to implement infection control measures. To investigate the testing situation in Korea, we performed surveillance for the 95 medical institutions. Due to the paucity of long-term, multi-center data on RV epidemiology in Korea, we analyzed data from 5 university hospitals. Methods: Surveillance questionnaires were sent to 95 members of the Korean Society for Clinical Microbiology. The RV data from 5 university hospitals, 2001 through 2005, were collected retrospectively and analyzed for the isolation rate of each virus. Results: Among the 63 institutions, who replied, 49% performed RV testing and 84% of the testing institutes were university hospitals. A hundred percent institutes tested for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), whereas 81% tested for influenza virus (Flu), 74% for parainfluenza virus (PIV) and adenovirus each, 32% for rhinovirus, 23% for coronavirus, and 36% for metapneumovirus. PCR and/or culture were employed in 42% of the institutes, immunochromatography 29%, immunofluorescent assay 23%, and enzyme immunoassay 7%. Among the total 11,131 specimens received, virus was detected in 22%, ranging from 12% to 28% by hospital. The most frequently detected virus was RSV (54%) and followed by PIV (18%), Flu (15%), and adenovirus (13%). But species distributions of these viruses were quite different by hospital or by year. Conclusion: It is necessary for more active implementation of the RV testing because only 55% of university hospitals and 17% of general hospitals performed this test.

각종 간 질환에서의 혈청 총 LD활성 및 LD isoenzymes의 분획비 측정#

강정옥,박승함,김기홍 대한병리학회 1981 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.15 No.1

김치의 혈전용해작용

강정옥,정영기,김정옥,양웅석,공인수 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Fibrinolytic activity of fermented kimchi and ingredients used for the preparation were assayed by measuring the lysis area on plasminogen-rich fibrin plate. Fermented kimchi and pickled fish sauces from changlan, prwan, and anchovy showed the activity, and the activity of pickled fish sauces were high in the order of pickled changlan, pickled anchovy(pickled mulchi), and pickled prawn. However, the activity of kimchi may not be attributed to pickled fish sauce because kimchi containing fish sauce did not possess activities before fermentation. To investigate fibrinolytic agents in the kimchi if protein, the activities were determined from the samples heated for 30min at 100℃. There was no changes in the activities before and after heat treatment indicating the agents may be components other than protein. Since major changes occur during kimchi fermentation were increased sour taste due to production of organic acids such as lactic, citric, oxalic, and succinic acids, the authentic organic acids present were examined for fibrinolytic activities. The results indicates that the major component posses the activity is lactic acid.

Evaluation of the VIDAS CDAB Kits for the Detection of the Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B

강정옥,신보문,한동수,최태열 대한임상미생물학회 2008 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.11 No.2

Background: Since the emergence of variant Clostridium difficile strains that fail to produce detectable toxin A, diagnostic kits targeted to detect toxin A only showed a considerable rate of false negative results. The aim of this study was to evaluate a toxins A and B (toxins A/B) detection kit recently marketed in Korea, and to compare toxin positive rates before and after introduction of the new kit. Methods: The results of 5,783 toxin A assays performed during the 7-year period from 2001 through 2007 were analyzed and compared them to the toxins A/B assay data of 519 samples obtained from January to June 2008 in a university hospital. An enzyme- linked fluorescent immunoassay for toxins A/B (VIDAS C. difficile Toxin A & B, bioMerieux SA, France: VIDAS CDAB) and PCR for toxin genes A/B were performed directly in 102 stool samples from hospitalized patients. Results: The positive rates of toxin A assays tended downward annually from 2001 to 2007 (16.3%, 17.8%, 13.9%, 11.4%, 13.8%, 8.2%, and 5.8%, respectively), but increased to 12.1% in 2008 after changing to the toxin A/B detection kit. The concordant rate of the VIDAS CDAB kit with the PCR method was 82.4%. Compared to the PCR method, the sensitivity and specificity of the toxin A/B kit were 60.7% and 90.5% respectively. Conclusion: Testing kits for C. difficile toxin A only could result in a misdiagnosis more frequently than the testing kit for toxins A/B. The sensitivity of the newly launched toxin A/B detection kit from bio- Merieux SA needs to be improved, but it showed a good specificity.

유전 알고리즘을 이용한 동적시스템의 TSK 퍼지 모델링

강정옥(Jeong-Ok Kang),이상민(Sang-Min Lee),조중선(Joong-Seon Joh) 한국지능시스템학회 2001 한국지능시스템학회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.11 No.2

수종 잎식품 건조물의 급이가 고Cholesterol 혈증 흰쥐의 혈청지질에 미치는 영향

강정옥(Jeong-Ock Kang),김경숙(Kyoung-Sook Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1995 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.24 No.4

식이섬유가 지질대사 개선작용에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 감잎, 뽕잎, 깻잎, 콩잎을 분말화하여 식이 중 총 식이섬유질 함량이 5%가 되도록 조제한 식이를 4주령된 SD계 수컷 흰쥐에게 3주간 급이하여 혈청의 지질성분을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 식이섭취량은 대조군이 가장 많았으며 기타 식이군에서는 유의적인 차이를 찾아볼 수 없었다. 식이효율은 감잎군에서 가장 높았고 깻잎, 뽕잎군이 낮았다. 2) 혈청 중의 총 cholesterol 농도는 콩잎군과 깻잎군에서 낮았고 HDL-cholesterol 농도는 깻잎군이 매우 높았으며 동맥경화지수는 깻잎군과 콩잎군에서 낮았다. 3) 유리 cholesterol 농도는 감잎군에서 높았으며 총 cholesterol에 대한 cholesterol ester의 농도비는 76~80% 수준이었다. 4) LDL 및 LDL-cholesterol 농도는 콩잎과 깻잎군에서 기타 급이군에 비해서 현저히 낮았다. 5) 중성지질의 농도는 전 실험군에서 낮은 경향을 보였으나 특히 깻잎 급이군에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 체중이 증가하는 식이군에서 혈청 중의 중성지질 농도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 인지질의 농도는 뽕잎을 제외한 기타군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 6) 혈당 수준은 뽕잎군과 깻잎군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 7) 혈청 중의 Ca 농도는 깻잎, 뽕잎, 콩잎군에서 낮았고, Mg 농도는 뽕잎, 감잎군이 낮았으며, P의 농도는 콩잎군이, Fe의 농도는 깻잎과 콩잎군에서 낮았다. 이상의 연구 결과, 총 cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL, LDL-cholestrol, 중성지질, 인지질 농도, 동맥경화 지수, 혈당저하 등 여러 관점에서 볼 때 깻잎과 콩잎이 가장 우수한 지질개선효과를 나타내는 겻으로 보인다. 체중 증가량, 식이섭취량 등의 식이효율이 깻잎군에서 가장 낮은 것은 특이한 방향성분으로 인한 식이의 영향 때문일 것으로 추정되며 체중 증가와 중성지질 농도간의 상관관계가 인정되었다. In other to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of dry edible leaves on serum lipids, four kinds of powdered leaves (persimmom, mulberry, perilla, and soy bean) were added to experimental diets at the level of 5% (w/w). The diets were fed to 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 4 weeks and weighing 60±5g, for 3 weeks. Food intake was the largest in Group 1(control), with 5% of cellulose powder, while food efficiency was the highest in Group 2(persimmon). Total cholesterol level in serum was lower in Group 5(soybean) and Group 4(perilla) than the other groups. In comparison with Group 1, HDL-cholesterol level was very high in Group 4 and atherogenic index was low in Groups 4 and 5. Free cholesterol level was the highest in Group 2, and was the lowest in Group 1. Both LDL and LDL-cholesterol levels were the lowest in Group 1, while they were very high in Groups 2 and 3(mulberry). Triglyceride level was the lowest in Group 4, and the highest in Group 1. Except Group 3, all groups had lower phospholipid level than Group 1. Compared with Group 1, calcium level in serum was low in Groups 3, 4 and 5, magnesium level was low in Groups 2, 3 and 5, phosphate level was high in Group 4, and iron level was exceptionally low in Groups 4 and 5. In conclusion, Group 4(perilla) and Group 5(soybean) showed a favorable effect in atherogenic index and serum levels of various lipids.

실용적인 Helicobacter pylori 항균제감수성검사법의 확립을 위한 네 가지 검사법의 비교

강정옥,한동수,최태열 대한임상미생물학회 2005 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.8 No.1

Background: We compared currently available four antimicrobial susceptibility test methods for H. pylori to find out a practical method suitable for testing a few strains of H. pylori at a time in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Methods: With 37 clinical isolates of H. pylori, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed against amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLR), and metronidazole (MTZ) using disk diffusion method with egg yolk emulsion (EYE) media, E test with EYE and Mueller Hinton blood agar plate (MH BAP), and modified broth microdilution methods (mBMD). Results: The results of AMX and CLR showed a complete agreement between the four methods. For MTZ, however, a significant discrepancy was observed between the results obtained by the four methods. In four strains exhibiting high minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC, ≥ 32 mg/L) to MTZ, category agreement was excellent, but correlation was not good in 13 strains with the MTZ MICs of 8 to 16 mg/L. In 20 strains with MTZ MICs between 0.25 mg/L and 4 mg/L, category agreement was excellent, but correlation between MICs or inhibitory zone diameters was not good. Etest EYE and Etest MH BAP methods showed a 100% agreement in the susceptibility category of MTZ. Conclusion: In routine practice, the most practical method for testing susceptibility of H. pylorito AMX and CLR seems to be the disk diffusion method with EYE or MH BAP. But for MTZ, a duplicate test using both Etest and disk diffusion test is recommended until more standardized, economical, and technically easier test methods become available.

Session 2: 위장관 바이러스성 질환의 국내 역학 및 특성 : 로타바이러스의 분자역학 및 백신 도입 후 변화

강정옥 대한인수공통전염병학회 2013 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.1

로타바이러스는 5세 이하 소아 설사증의 가장 중요한 원인 인자로서, 전 세계적으로 매년 약 2억 4천만명의 로타바이러스 위장염 환자가 발생하며, 이 중 약 2300만명이 입원, 약 60만명이 사망하는 심각한 바이러스이다. 국내에서는 김 등이 정읍지역에서 최초로 유병률을 조사한 결과 5세미만 소아 1000명당 약 57명에서 로타바이러스 위장염이 발생하였고, 이중 약 20%가 입원한다고 보고하였다.로타바이러스는 일명 “democratic virus”라고도 하며, 상하수 시설이 잘 발달된 선진국에서도 발생률을 줄일 수 있는 효과적인 방법이 없는 실정이고, 백신 만이 해결책인 것으로 알려져 있다.로타바이러스위장염을 예방하기 위하여 1998년 Rotashield백신(Wyeth Laboratories, Marietta, PA)이개발되어 사용허가를 받았으나 장중첩증 부작용으로 인하여 사용이 중단되었다[2]. 이후 이 부작용 발생이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가되지 않는다는 2세대 백신이 2005년에 인가를 받았다. 국내에서도 2007년에 Rota Teq백신(Merck and Co. Inc, USA), 2008년에 Rotarix백신(Glaxo SmithKline Biologicals, Belgium)이인가를 받고 도입되어 사용되고 있다. RotaTeq은 human-bovine rotavirus re-assortantpentavalent vaccine (G1, G2, G3, G4/P8 strain)이고, Rotarix는 G1P8단일 strain으로 구성되어 있으므로 이 두 유형의 백신이 도입된 후 지역사회에 유행하는 로타바이러스 위장염의 발생률 감소에 어떤 차이가 있는지, 그리고 향후 로타바이러스 유전형에 어떤 변화를 일으키는지 추적해 볼 필요가 있다. 또한 백신 변이주가 지역사회에 유행하지 않는지 감시해 볼 필요도 있다. 로타바이러스 유전형은 대륙, 국가, 지역, 계절, 병원, 나이 등 여러 인자에 따라서 다양성을 나타내고 있다. 선진국에서는 G1P8 유전형이 주종을 이루고 있으나, G2P4, G3P8, G4P8 형도 흔한유행형으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 아프리카나 아시아 등 개발도상국의 유행 유전형은 상당한 차이를 나타내어 선진국에서 흔한 G1P8은 빈도가 낮고 선진국에서 드문 유전형이 높은 빈도로 분리되고 있다. 국내 입원환자에 대한 체계적인 전국규모의 유전형 조사는 강 등이 최초로 시행하였는데, 선진국에 비하여 G1P8의 빈도는 13%로 매우 낮았고, G4P6 유전형이 26% 분리되었는데, 이는다른 나라에서는 찾아보기 힘든 매우 특이한 유행 양상이다. 로타바이러스백신 도입 전후의 유전형 비교연구는 호주와 미국, 브라질 등에서 대규모로 이루어졌는데, 모든 국가에서 로타바이러스 위장염, 특히 입원을 요하는 심각한 위장염의 발생률은 현저하게 감소되었다. 브라질에서는 Rotarix (G1P8 strain) 도입 후 G2P4유전형이 유행했다는 보고가있고[], 호주에서도 유사한 결과가 보고되었다. RotaTeq (G1,2,3,4/P8)을 도입한 지역에서는 G3P8이 더 유행했다는 보고가 있으나, 확실한 인과관계를 증명하기는 힘들다는 결론이다. 국내에서는 질병관리본부의 위장염검사건수는 백신이 도입된 2007년 이후 지속적으로 감소하는 추세에 있다. 국내에서 백신 도입 전후의 유전형 변화에 관한 대규모 연구보고는 없으나, 질병관리본부 data를보면 뚜렷한 변화는 보이지는 않는다. 각 나라에 필요한 로타바이러스백신을 개발하기 위하여 또는 백신의 효능을 평가하기 위하여,각 나라마다 장기간에 걸친 전국적인 규모의 체계적인 유전형 조사가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.