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강철구,윤일현 한국일본근대학회 2013 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.41
대기업에 의한 경제력집중 문제가 한국사회에서 이슈가 되고 있다. 그런데 이러한 이슈는 각국의 정치적 상황이나 국민의식, 그리고 대기업을 어떻게 바라보느냐에 따라 다르게 해석할 수 있는 문제이다. 그런 점에서 우리나라보다 60여년 앞서 경제민주화를 실천했던 일본을 뒤돌아보는 것은 상당한 의미가 있다고 하겠다. 일본은 1945년 패전 이후 GHQ가 경제민주화를 실현하기 위해 재벌을 해체하는 과정이 있었지만, 결국 ‘기업집단’ 혹은 ‘계열’로 이름만 바뀌었을 뿐 그 명맥을 그대로 유지해 왔다. 본 연구에서는 한일 간 재벌의 형성과정에서 기업지배구조를 통해 경제성장에 끼친 영향력을 비교해 봄으로써 시사점을 얻고자 하는 목적을 갖고 있다. 나아가 한일 간에 경제력집중과 관련된 문제를 바라보는 시각이 다른 이유는 무엇이며 과연 최적의 기업지배구조가 존재하는지에 대해서도 검토하였다. 본 연구는 일본이 패전 후 주식상 호보유를 통해 주식의 법인화현상이 실현되는 독특한 일본형 기업지배구조를 형성해 나갔듯이, 우리나라 기업집단의 소유구조 및 기업지배구조 역시 개선의 필요성은 있다고 하더라도 궁극적으로는 우리의 현실에 맞는 한국 특유의 기업지배 구조로 정착할 필요성이 있다고 보고 있다. Concentration of economic power by big business groups has become an issue in Korea. It results from the difference in views and interpretations from the politicians, the public, and the conglomerates. The difference is due to the sensitive response to the stream of societies without objective facts. Japan has the history of planning to achieve economic democracy through the process of the GHQ breaking up businesses and dismantling the Zaibatsu Headquarters after the 1945 defeat in the Second World War. However, it must be recognized that after its dismantlement, the Zaibatsu Headquarters has ultimately contributed to Japan`s economic growth with changed names such as ‘Japan`s Business Group’ or ‘Keiretsu’. Therefore, by comparing the business groups between Korea and Japan, this research examines what influence the business groups have on the country`s economy in the rapid economic growth period through corporate governance. Furthermore, it tries to identify how the difference of viewpoints between Korea and Japan concerning concentration of economic power were formed and if optimal corporate governance exists. This reaches the conclusion that the ownership structure and corporate governance in Korea`s big business groups must be developed as the Korean model of corporate governance fit for Korea`s situation, as Japan developed a unique Japanese model of corporate governance which made corporate capitalism after the defeat in the Second World War.
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강철구,강은하,송미영,이정임,전소영,정복선,김은영,오미현,정경민,이창호 경기연구원 2019 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
The Suwon city and nearby four municipalities including Hwaseong, Ansan, Uiwang and Siheung have a population of 3.45 million people, and the necessity of solving environmental problems through joint cooperation is increasing due to the increase in development and environmental demand. Currently, five cities have large and small inter-regional environmental conflicts, and the need for inter-regional environmental administration is emerging to solve these problems. In particular, air pollution, PM10 management conflicts, odor problems, management conflicts between upstream and downstream regions, cooperative problems due to deterioration of the ecological belt, and living environment complaints in neighboring areas due to various developments need to be resolved through cooperation among local governments. Most residents of the Suwon city and nearby four municipalities agree on the need for inter-regional environmental administration to improve their quality of life and enhance their urban competitiveness. This study suggests findings and cooperation of inter-regional environmental problems centering on air, water, waste, and natural ecology. In the case of the atmospheric sector, the cases and issues of inter-regional environmental administration related to environmental damage due to the development of industrial complexes and housing sites, selection of the location of the environmental infrastructure, and management of the air emission plant were highlighted. As a cooperative alternative, the PM10 NGO network and the road pollution source solution was proposed. In the area of water and water ecology, the issues related to water source protection zone conflict, river water quality management upstream and downstream conflict such as Hwanggu stream, lake management conflict such as Wangsong Lake, and location of public sewage treatment facility appeared. As a result, it proposed concrete measures for mutual improvement of the lake and streams, and suggested joint management plans for watershed units. In the case of waste, issues of conflict over the location of environmental infrastructure such as food resource recycling facilities and resource recycling complexes and waste treatment methods were analyzed as inter-regional environmental problems. To this end, we proposed a joint cooperation plan for the operation of consultation structure, conservation of environmental damage and economic support. In the case of the management of natural ecosystem, we analyzed the cooperative measures related to prevention of damage to Gwanggyosan and Chilbosan. Major cooperation measures were proposed, including the formation of a consultative body, coordination of guidelines on ecological belt, joint biodiversity survey, expansion of protected areas at the Gyeonggi-do level, and the preparation of urban biotop maps. It is important to play a role of coordinator as a superior organization through financial support, such as contribution of regional environmental administration activation fund, and various laws and institutions of central and Gyeonggi-do as a role plan of Gyeonggi-do, a higher local government. The strategies to develop inter-regional environmental administration in the Suwon city and nearby four municipalities are as follows: 1) promoting joint investigation and data sharing, 2) revitalizing inter-regional environmental administration council with five cities, 3) organizing and co-operating with private sectors including NGOs, 4) enacting win-win development ordinances with five cities, 5) establishing a joint fund to revitalize inter-regional environmental administration, 6) activating the inter-regional administration method such as ‘entrustment’ to expand of joint installation and use of environmental infrastructure, 7) systematic promotion of discovery and selection of target projects for five cities, 8) promoting information sharing and performance PR through joint seminar, and 9) promo
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강철구 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2010 社會科學硏究 Vol.36 No.2
As Japan proceeded the financial liberalization and the change of the financing structure in the 80’s along with invest in equipment, they were able to do direct financing through the financing market for companies to raise funds in order to investment equipment, rather than the indirect financing from the mainbank like they did before. Due to that fact, the importance of the mainbank, Japans leading financial system, is losing its credibility. The transitional process of the mainbank system and cross-shareholding relationship is studied through the corporate governance structure, which appeared in the progress of rapid economic growth in Japan. And the goal is to analyze the changes in evaluations, especially on the mainbank. For this the precedent study will be analyzed and the general concept of what the mainbank is explained. Along with that, the changes in corporate governance in Japan are investigated by the relationship it was formed with the mainbank and cross-shareholdings. After that, the change of corporate governance in Japan was researched through the positive and negative evaluations of the mainbank. In conclusion, the mainbank system in Japan used the before and after function of corporate governance to ease financing constraints and led the rapid economic growth in Japan by even reducing the under and over-investments as well. 일본이 80년대 들어와 금융의 자유화ㆍ글로벌화가 진행되면서 기업이 설비투자를 위한 자금을 조달할 때 예전처럼 메인뱅크로부터의 간접금융보다는 자금시장을 통한 직접금융이 가능해 졌다. 그러다 보니 일본의 대표적인 금융시스템으로 평가받아 왔던 메인뱅크에 대한 중요성이 점차 저하되고 있다는 평가가 대두되고 있는 상황이다. 따라서 본 논문은 일본의 고도경제성장 과정에서 나타난 기업지배구조를 메인뱅크시스템(mainbank system)과 상호주식보유(cross-shareholding) 관계를 통해 그 변천과정을 살펴보고, 특별히 메인뱅크에 대한 평가가 어떻게 변했는지에 대해 분석하고자 하는 목적을 가지고 있다. 이를 위해 선행연구를 분석한 후 메인뱅크란 무엇인지 일반적 개념을 설명하고 일본 기업의 지배구조의 변화를 메인뱅크 및 상호주식보유와 관련하여 어떤 관계를 형성해 왔는지를 조사했다. 그 후 메인뱅크의 긍정적 평가와 부정적 평가를 통해 일본 기업지배구조의 변화를 알아보았다. 결과적으로 일본의 메인뱅크시스템은 전후 일본 기업을 지배하는 기능을 가지고 자금제약의 완화 및 과소ㆍ과잉투자문제를 경감하면서 일본의 고도경제성장을 이끌어 왔다고 할 수 있다.
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