A selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4, 6 dual inhibitor, Ribociclib (LEE011) inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in aggressive thyroid cancer

Lee, Hyun Joo,Lee, Woo Kyung,Kang, Chan Woo,Ku, Cheol Ryong,Cho, Yoon Hee,Lee, Eun Jig Elsevier 2018 Cancer letters Vol.417 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The RB-E2F1 pathway is an important mechanism of cell-cycle control, and deregulation of this pathway is one of the key factors contributing to tumorigenesis. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Cyclin D have been known to increase in aggressive thyroid cancer. However, there has been no study to investigate effects of a selective CDK 4/6 inhibitor, Ribociclib (LEE011), in thyroid cancer. Performing Western blotting, we found that RB phosphorylation and the expression of Cyclin D are significantly higher in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cell lines as well as anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell lines, compared with normal thyroid cell line and follicular thyroid cancer cell line. LEE011 dose-dependently inhibited RB phosphorylation and also decreased the expressions of its target genes such as <I>FOXM1, Cyclin A1,</I> and <I>Myc</I> in ATC. Furthermore, LEE011 induced cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase and cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation in ATC. Consistently, oral administration of LEE011 to ATC xenograft models strongly inhibited tumor growth with decreased expressions of pRB, pAKT and Ki-67, and also significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis. Taken together, our data support the rationale for clinical development of the CDK4/6 inhibitor as a therapy for patients with aggressive thyroid cancer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> pRB and Cyclin D were expressed high in aggressive thyroid cancer. </LI> <LI> LEE011 suppressed pRB and also decreased the expressions of its target genes in ATC. </LI> <LI> LEE011 induced cell cycle G1 arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation. </LI> <LI> LEE011 inhibited in vivo tumor growth with decreased expressions of pRB and Ki-67. </LI> <LI> We could explain the anticancer effects with the RB-E2F pathway. </LI> </UL> </P>

Reported speech in conversation : A discourse analytic approach

Lee, Eun-Joo 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2003 East west education Vol.20 No.-

The study examines two different types of reported speech: explicit reported speech and nonexplicit speech in an attempt to analyze how reported speech is produced and interpreted in daily conversations. The results of the analysis clearly support the claim that what is reported in the reported speech is not only the speech itself but also the mental state description. The analysis also shows that factors such as linguistic and paralinguistic features as well as circumstances in which conversation takes place all play an important role in correct interpretation of the reported speech in natural conversations.

I'll be like Princess Pari, and I’ll rescue you: Beccah’s Development into a Postcolonial Female Writing Subject in Comfort Woman

( Lee¸ Eun-joo ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2015 영어권문화연구 Vol.8 No.2

This essay discusses Beccah’s development into a postcolonial female writing subject represented in Nora Okja Keller’s Comfort Woman, to which critics have hitherto less paid their critical attention. Based on major theories concerning the Bildungsroman and the postcolonial female Bildungsroman, the essay begins its discussion by defining the novel as a postcolonial female Bildungsroman. The essay then investigates why her mother’s shamanism, which is the symbol of her postcolonial female legacy, functions as Bildung for Beccah’s development. Building on this investigation, the essay discusses not only what Beccah learns from Bildung from her mother’s postcolonial female shamanism but also how her development is differentiated from her mother’s shamanism. The later part of this essay dedicates itself to analyzing Beccah’s narrational strategies implied from formal and thematic characteristics of her narrative. It can be implied from this analysis that her authorship of the novel is her own way of realizing justice for her mother and other Korean comfort women. The ultimate purpose of this essay is to prove that Beccah’s writing Comfort Woman is itself not only the evidence of her development but also one example of a mature and responsible attitude as a writing subject.

Repellent efficacy of essential oils and plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum and Plodia interpunctella

Lee Hwa‐Eun,Hong Su Jung,Hasan Najmul,Baek Eun Joo,Kim Jun Tae,Kim Young‐Duk,Park Mi‐Kyung 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.9

This study was conducted to investigate the repellent efficacy of essential oils (Origanum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, and Tanacetum cinerariifolium) and four plant extracts (Agastache rugosa, Capsicum annuum, Citrus reticulata, and Ginkgo biloba) against Tribolium castaneum (adults and larvae) and Plodia interpunctella (larvae). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of carvacrol, anethole, and jasmolin I as the predominant constituent in O. vulgare, P. anisum, and T. cinerariifolium, respectively. Furthermore, ethyl hexopyranoside, 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid, cyclopentanol, and 2‐cresol were identified in A. rugosa, C. annuum, C. reticulata, and G. biloba, respectively. The repellent efficacy of each essential oil, plant extract, and the combination of oils was evaluated using a specially designed cylinder trap for 120 h. Among the three oils, O. vulgare and T. cinerariifolium had greatest repellent efficacy against P. interpunctella larvae. T. cinerariifolium exhibited effective repellence against the adults and larvae of T. castaneum. Therefore, O. vulgare (O) and T. cinerariifolium (T) were selected for further investigation of combined effects. Two essential oils were mixed in three different ratios of OT1 (1:3), OT2 (1:1), and OT3 (3:1). The repellent efficacies of OT1 and OT2 against the adults of T. castaneum were significantly greater than that of OT3. OT1 was effective against the larvae of T. castaneum, whereas OT2 was effective against the larvae of P. interpunctella. OT1 enhanced the repellent efficacy by approximately five times against larvae of T. castaneum, compared with that of T. cinerariifolium. Overall, OT1 was selected as the best repellent substance against all the tested insects.

조선시대 품대의 구조와 세부 명칭에 관한 연구

이은주(Eun Joo Lee) 한국복식학회 2011 服飾 Vol.61 No.10

The ranking belts for Joseon dynasty officials that are based on references and relics are studied in this paper in terms of architecture, detailed names, and structural changes according to different time. Officials` uniforms consist of hats, clothes, belts, and shoes. Among these, the belt is an important sign that represents the wearer`s ranking. The ranking belts of the Joseon dynasty which were brought from Ming at the late stage of the Koryo dynasty became classified as the following four classes : Seo-dai(a rhinoceros` horn, 犀帶), Gum-dai(gold, 金帶), Eun-dai(silver, 銀帶), and Heug-gag-dai(black horn, 黑角帶). A ranking belt consists of a basic belt body(程) and a plaque that represents the wearer`s rank. A plaque consists of 20 plates: three front-center plates that represent the Sam-tai(三台) constellation, six front-side plates that represent the Namduyug constellation(南斗六星), seven back plates that represent the Big Dipper(北斗七星), left side Bo(輔), right side Pil(弼), and a couple of Tamie at both ends. The architecture of the belt body; the basic frame for ranking belts, shows some differences between the former and the latter periods of the Joseon dynasty. In the former period, the belt had a pair of a buckle so that the wearers were able to adjust the belt size. But later, the belt didn`t have the buckles to adjust the belt size and consequently it only performed a locking or unlocking function. Therefore, the belts in the latter period were longer than normal and one size fit all. In addition to the functional change of buckles, the shapes of the ranking belts show changes from the round shape to the square shape as time goes on.

李應台(1556~1586) 묘 출토 상의류의 분류와 구성법

이은주(Lee Eun-Joo) 한복문화학회 2002 韓服文化 Vol.5 No.3

This study proposes a classification standard of the upper garment based on the excavated costume from the grave of Eung- T ae Lee(1556-1586) found at JeongSang-dong, Andong, KyungBuk province, Korea on APril 1998. This study also classifies the remaining clothes by the proposed standard and shows their characteristics and constructive methods.<br/> The first classification standard of the upper garment is based on the assumption that the clothes cover the upper<br/> body are the male upperwears.<br/> The second classification standard is based on the whole scale such as back length, width, and sleeve length and the third one is based on the other components including the shape of collar, length of side-open, armpit gusset. materials. arrangement of color.<br/> The upperwears from the grave of Yeung- Tae Lee consist of 7 pieces for male, 3 pieces for female. and 1 piece for children. Jukori. Hansam. and Jucksam are classified into male upperwear category, Jangjugori without side-open and Danjugori without side-open are classified into female upperwear category.<br/>

1800년 정조(正祖) 국장(國葬) 재현을 위한 의장군(儀仗軍) 복식 연구

김은진(Kim Eun-Jin),이은주(Lee Eun-Joo) 한복문화학회 2016 韓服文化 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine Uijang-gun(儀仗軍) costume that directly designates guards for the king to enable an appropriate reenactment of a national funeral for King Jeongjo(正祖) in 1800. Through field investigations of such representative royal ritual events as Royal Cultural Festival and “King Danjong’s(端宗) Cultural Festival”, it was found that the historical research was mostly reliable, but that there were a few differences between the reenactments and the historical event. These errors were caused by the consultation of Uigwe and ceremonial books and a failure to refer to details that reflect circumstances of the time before relying too heavily on the contents of Banchado(班次圖) and ceremonial books. As the national funeral given to King Jeongjo was the first funeral for a king after the massive overhaul of ancestral rites in the late Joseon dynasty, it carries significance. In particular, since “Jeongjo-Gukjang-Dogam-Uigwe (正祖國葬都監儀軌)” describes matters related to ceremonial equipages in great detail compared to other Uigwe(儀軌), it is likely to be useful in studying ceremonial equipages and ceremonial regiment costume in 1800. The details of Banchado can be checked through official documents exchanged among government offices such as Gyesa(啓辭), Imun(移文), Pummok(稟目) and Gamgyeol(甘結). Ceremonial regiment costume can be divided into three types according to its classification. Uijanggi-gun(儀仗旗軍) wore Cheong-ui(靑衣) and Pi-rip(皮笠), and San-seon-si-wi(繖扇侍衛) and Eun-ma-gwe-gun(銀馬机君軍) wore Cheong-ui and Ja-geon(紫巾) and Uijang-mul(儀仗物) and Gimul-gun(器物軍) wore Hong-ui(紅衣) and Ja-geon. Cheong-ui and Hong-ui took the form of So-chang-ui(小氅衣) made with cotton, which is a long gown with a side slit and narrow sleeves. Pi-rip is a red hat in the form of Cho-rip(草笠), and Ja-geon is a rectangular hat made with cotton. In addition to these, Hong-mok-dae(紅木帶) was worn, and Cheong-saek-Je-bi-haeng-jeon(靑色耳行纏) is applied to complete the ceremonial regiment costume.

Predicting postoperative total calcium requirements after parathyroidectomy in secondary hyperparathyroidism

( Byung Heon Kang ),( Soon Young Hwang ),( Jeong Yeop Kim ),( Yu Ah Hong ),( Mi Yeon Jung ),( Eun Ah Lee ),( Ji Eun Lee3 ),( Jae Bok Lee ),( Gang Jee Ko ),( Heui Jung Pyo ),( Young Joo Kwon ) 대한내과학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.30 No.6

Background/Aims: To prevent hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy (PTX), parenteral calcium is required in addition to oral calcitriol and calcium. After switching to oral calcium, patients can be discharged from the hospital. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of PTX performed at a single Korean center and to investigate the associated laboratory factors used to analyze the total amount of postoperative calcium required. Methods: We enrolled 91 hemodialysis patients undergoing PTX from November 2003 to December 2011. We collected clinical and laboratory data preoperatively, 12 and 48 hours postoperatively, at discharge, and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: In total, 59 patients underwent PTX with autotransplantation (AT), 6 underwent total PTX without AT, 11 underwent subtotal PTX, and 15 underwent limited PTX. Total PTX without AT showed the lowest recurrence rate. At all postoperative time points, the mean levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) decreased significantly, compared with preoperative levels; however, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly from 48 hours postoperatively to discharge (p < 0.001). On multiple linear regression analysis, the total amount of injected calcium during hospitalization showed a significant correlation with preoperative ALP (p < 0.001), preoperative iPTH (p = 0.037), and Δphosphorus at 48 hours (p < 0.001). We developed an equation for estimating the total calcium requirement after PTX. Conclusions: Preoperative ALP, preoperative iPTH, and Δphosphorus at 48 hours may be significant factors in estimating the postoperative calcium requirement. The formula for postoperative calcium requirement after PTX may help to predict the duration of postoperative hospitalization.

맞벌이 가정 아동의 스트레스와 문제행동 감소를 위한 미술치료 사례연구

천혜경(CHun, Hye-koung),이은주(Lee, Eun-Joo) 한국미술치료학회 2021 美術治療硏究 Vol.28 No.5

본 연구는 맞벌이 가정 아동을 대상으로 미술치료가 스트레스와 문제행동 감소에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 데 목적을 두었다. 연구 대상자는 맞벌이 가정 아동으로, 주로 가정에서 문제행동을 보이며 본인 스스로는 스트레스가 많다고 호소하고 있다. 아동은 S 시에 소재한 D 초등학교 4학년에 재학 중인 여자아이로, 매주 1회 50분씩, 총 20회기로 프로그램을 진행하였다. 측정 도구는 K-CBCL 6-18로 학령기 아동과 청소년의 문제행동을 측정하는 검사와 주은숙(2005)이 사용한 스트레스 지각검사, 투사검사로는 빗속의 사람 그림 검사로 손무경(2007)이 번안한 채점 체계를 사용하여 사전․사후 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스트레스 검사의 하위영역 점수가 전체적으로 감소하여 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 둘째, 문제행동 검사의 하위영역 중 규칙 위반, 불안 우울 점수가 감소하여 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 이는 가정 내에서보다 원활한 상호작용이 이루어지도록 하고 올바른 정서 인식 표현과 자유로운 감정 발산을 통해 부정적인 감정을 해소하고, 자신의 감정 또는 분노를 잘 다룰 수 있는 능력을 길러주어 아동의 스트레스 및 문제행동 감소에 긍정적인 변화가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대하여 논의하였다. This study aimed to investigate the effects of art therapy on the reduction of stress and abnormal behaviors of children in dual-income families. The subject of this study was a child of a dual-income family who is mainly having abnormal behaviors at home and complains of a high level of stress. The client, a fourth-grade girl at D Elementary School in S. City, participated in the program for 50 minutes once a week for 20 sessions. The measurement tools were K-CBCL 6-18, which was used for the test to measure the abnormal behavior of school-aged children and adolescents, the stress perception test used by Joo Eun-sook (2005), and the projection test for the person in the rain. The results of this study were as follows: First, all of sub-criteria of the stress test were reduced as a whole, in a positive way. Second, the sub-criteria of the abnormal behavior test showed a decrease in violation and anxiety depression scores. These results show that the reduction of stress and abnormal behaviors in children can be achieved through art therapy so that children have smoother interactions with their families and can express and stay aware of their own emotions. In other words, art therapy helps children develop the ability to deal with their anger, stress, and abnormal behavior. Based on these results, the implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

소아 IgA 신병증의 예후와 관련한 임상병리학적 고찰

권재훈,최은나,박지민,정현주,이재승,Kwon Jae-Hun,Choi Eun-Na,Park Jee-Min,Jeung Hyeun-Joo,Lee Jae-Seung 대한소아신장학회 2003 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.7 No.1

목적 : IgA 신병증으로 진단된 소아환자를 대상으로 질병의 예후와 관련된 연구는 부족한 상태이다. 이에 저자들은 조직생검을 통해 확진된 IgA 신병증 환아의 임상경과를 관찰함으로써 소아들에서 장기 예후에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자들의 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1981년부터 2000년까지 연세의료원에서 신생검을 시행하여 병리 소견상 IgA 신병증으로 확진된 15세 이하의 57명 환아에서 후향적 방법으로 자료 분석을 시행하였다. 모든 환아들은 조직 생검 당시 혈뇨나 무증후성 단백뇨($<40\;mg/m^2/day$)를 보였으며 정상 신기능 및 혈압을 유지하였다. 진단 당시의 임상검사소견, 병리소견 등을 바탕으로 IgA 신병증의 합병증인 심한 단백뇨(${\ge}40\;mg/m^2/day$), 약물복용을 요하는 고혈압. 만성 신부전 등의 발생에 대해 관찰하였다. 결과 : 대상 환아들의 진단 시 평균 연령은 4세에서 15세까지 $9.5{\pm}2.8$세였으며 42명(74%)이 남자였다. 단독 육안적 혈뇨는 20명(35%), 단독 현미경적 혈뇨는 3명(5%)이며 단독 단백뇨는 15(26%)이었다. 육안적 혈뇨와 단백뇨를 같이 동반한 경우는 15명(26%)이며 현미경적 혈뇨와 단백뇨는 15명(26%)에서 보였다. $7.0{\pm}3.5$년의 평균추적 관찰 기간동안 전체 57명의 환아 중 단백뇨 및 혈뇨가 완전히 소실된 경우는 38명(67%)이었고 진단 당시처럼 혈뇨나 단백뇨가 지속되나 IgA 신병증의 부작용은 발생하지 않은 경우는 12명(21%)이었다. 반면, 단지 7명(12%)의 환아에게서 IgA 신병증의 합병증이 발생하였는데 이 중에서 신증후군 정도의 단백뇨는 4명(7%), 약물복용을 요하는 고혈압은 1명(2%)이었고 2명(4%)의 환아는 말기 신부전으로 이행하였다. 발병 연령을10세 전후로 나누었을 때(P<0.01)와 Lee와 Haas의 병리조직학적인 분류(P<0.05)는 IgA 신병증의 합병증 발생과 밀접한 연관을 보인 반면, 진단당시 증상이나 성별은 통계적 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 57명 중 7명의 환아에서 평균 $3.4{\pm}3.5$년후에 신조직검사를 재실시하였다. 이 중 3명의 환아는 처음 class와 같았으며, 1명의 환아는 class III에서 class IV로 진행된 반면, 3명의 환아는 class IV에서 각각 class I, class II 및 class III로 변하였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 소아의 IgA 신병증은 더 이른 시기에 진단 받았을 때 합병증의 발생 및 궁극적인 신부전으로의 이행이 적게 나타났다. 또한 추적 신조직 검사상 조직의 변화소견을 볼 때, 소아 IgA 신병증이 성인에서의 것보다 더 좋은 예후를 보이는 근거가 될 수 있다. Purpose : This study was performed to determine the natural history of histologically confirmed IgA nephropathy in pediatric patients who presented with hematuria and proteinuria. Patients and Methods : We reviewed the clinical course of 57 patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy at the age of 15 years or younger from 1981 to 2000. All patients presented with hematuria or minimal proteinuria($<40\;mg/m^2/day$) and had normal renal function and blood pressure at the time of renal biopsy. Based on the clinical and pathological findings at the time of diagnosis, we sought for complications of IgA nephropathy such as heavy proteinuria(${\ge}40\;mg/m^2/day$), hypertension, and chronic renal failure. Results : The mean age at presentation was $9.5{\pm}2.8$ years(4 to 15 years) and 42(74%) were male. Isolated gross hematuria was observed in 20 patients(35%), microscopic hematuria in 3(5%), minimal proteinuria in 4(7%), both gross hematuria and minimal proteinuria in 15(26%), and both microscopic hematuria and minimal proteinuria in 15(26%). During a median follow-up of $7.0{\pm}3.5$ years, 38(67%) had complete resolution of hematuria and proteinuria, 12(21%) had persistently abnormal urinalysis without development of adverse events. Only 7(12%) developed adverse events : 4(7%) developed severe proteinuria, 1(2%) became hypertensive, and 2(3%) developed Impaired renal function. By univariate analysis using the chisquare test, the age at presentation(>10 years)(P<0.01) and poor histological classes of the Lee or Haas classification at onset(P<0.05) were significantly correlated with adverse events, whereas sex and clinical signs at onset were less concordant. Conclusion : We can conclude that the prognosis of IgA nephropathy diagnosed in early childhood is better and a good correlation exists between the clinical manifestations of this disease and the histological classes.