기관지내 전이암

김현수,이상수,오미희,이재갑,원구태,홍희승,용석중,신계철 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.40 No.4

The lung is the most common site of metastasis of extrapulmonary malignant tumor. According to past reports, metastatic cancer of the lung has been found in about 2% of all patients at autopsy. But these days, a diagnosis of endobronchial metastatic cancer utilizing bronchoscopy only is not easy. Thus we need other means of gathering more informaction, such as past history, discovery of other metastatic sites, and pathologic findings with special staining and electronmicroscope, especially in cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and epidermoid cancer, which are common types of primary lung cancer. We present 5 cases of endobronchial metastatic cancer. We found endobronchial metastatic cancer 2 cases of cervix cancer (epidermoid, adenocarcinoma), 1 case of colon cancer (adenocarcinoma), hypernephroma (renal cell carcinoma), and bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma). Since it was impossiole to diagnose the metastatic adenocarcinoma from the cervix only with lightmicroscopic findings, we could use past history and unusual radiologic and bronchoscopic findings which was thought to be the specific endoscopic finding of metastic endobronchial cancer. The interval between the diagnosis of the primary cancer and endobronchial metastatic cancer was 25.7 months. In the future, development of immunohistochemistry, monoclonal antibody, and molecular biologic techniques will give us diagnostic clue for differential diagnosis of metastatic endobronchial cancer from primary bronchogenic lung cancer.

역사의 대상인가 전제인가 ?

달하우스,이석원 한국음악사학회 1992 韓國音樂史學報 Vol.8 No.1

원자력발전소 인간신뢰도 분석의 한계점 분석과 차세대 방법을 위한 요건 개발

김재환,정원대,장승철,하재주 한국산업안전학회 1999 한국안전학회지 Vol.14 No.2

More than twenty methods were suggested for Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) in the field of safety analysis for Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). However, there is still a high uncertainty on the analysis and a difficulty in performing HRA. New methods and approaches are under studying to overcome such limitations of current HRA. This paper presents some results of study to analysis limitations of current HRA in viewpoint of user, i.e., HRA analyst. The limitation analysis was based on 89 human error events modeled in a Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) project for NPPs in Korea. Total 17 specific limitations were identified and categorized into seven groups. Important analysis has also been undertaken to assess the order of priority among those limitations. Finally, seven requirements with priority ranking were generated for an advanced framework and methodology of HRA.

농후사료 급여수준이 비거세 한우의 증체와 부위별 지방조직의 지방산 조성에 미치는 효과

송만강,김내수,정정수,최양일,원유석,정재경,최성호 ( M . K . Song,N . S . Kim,C . S . Chung,Y . I . Choi,Y . S . Won,J . K . Chung,S . H . Choi ) 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.5

The study was conducted with 63 Hanwoo bull calves of 193 days old for 19 months(up to 26 month of age) to examine the effect of feeding level of concentrate on the body weight gain, feed requirements and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of various locations(subcutaneous, abdominal, kidney, intermuscular and intramuscular fats). The calves were allotted into 3 treatments according to the feeding level of concentrate(85, 100 and 115%), and fed concentrates of Grower(7∼10 month of age), Finisher I(11∼16 month of age), Finisher II (17∼20 month of age) and Finisher III(21∼26 month of age). The feeding levels of concentrates for the cattle of 85% and 115% were decreased or increased by 15%, respectively, up to 15 month of age based on the similar body weight to the cattle of 100%. The feeding levels of the concentrates for the cattle of 85% and 100% were continuously increased for the next 2 months, to make same levels as for the cattle of I15%, thereafter amount of concentrate were continuously increased based on the rate of body gain for all the cattle. The cattle were fed in a individual feeding system through the experimental period. The cattle were slaughtered at the ages of 6, 14, 18 and 24 month and adipose tissues were collected to analyze long chain fatty acids. Results observed from the study were summarized as follows Overall mean dry matter intake and body gain per day and feed requirements of Hanwoo bulls during the 19 months of feeding from 193 day old calves were 6.69㎏, 0.95㎏ and 7.06, respectively. Body gain of the Hanwoo bulls during experimental period was greatly affected by the feeding level of concentrate, but feed requirement was improved up to 20 month of age with the decreased feeding level of concentrate. Fatty acids of C_(16:0) C_(18:0) and C_(18:1) in the adipose tissues at various locations of Hanwoo bulls were dominated. The feeding level of concentrate did not affect the fatty acid composition except for C_(16:1) and C_(18:1) in subcutaneous fat, and C_(18:1) and C_(18:2) in intramuscular fat of the cattle that were fed at the level of 85% at the age of 14 month(P$lt;.05). No differences were observed in fatty acid composition of adipose tissues of each location for the cattle of 18 and 24 month of age among treatments. There were tendencies of greater C_(16:1) and C_(18:1) in subcutaneous and intramuscular fats while higher C_(18:0) in abdominal fat. There were also trends of greater unsaturated fatty acid compositions in subcutaneous and intramuscular fats and higher saturated fatty acids in abdominal, kidney and intermuscular fats. Percent C_(18:0) tended to be decreased while C_(16:1) C_(18:1) and C_(18:2) increased with the age of Hanwoo bulls.

C-dump Converter에 의한 차량용 스위치드 릴럭턴스 전동기 구동 시스템의 고성능 제어

김도군(D.K. Kim),윤용호(Y.H. Yoon),이태원(T.W. Lee),원충연(C.Y. Won),김영렬(Y.R. Kim) 전력전자학회 2003 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.7(2)

Recently, SRMs are used in automobiles for power assistant steering, accessory motion control and traction drives. Especially in the motion control and traction drives, safety and efficiency are of paramount important. The paper describes the essential elements, faced in designing and constructing drive circuits for a switched reluctance motor for automobiles<br/> These converters will be referred to as energy efficient C-dump converter and modified C-dump converter. Energy efficient C-dump converter topology eliminate all the disadvantages of the C -dump converter without sacrificing its attractive features, and also provide some additional advantages that have lower number of power devices, full regenerative capability, free-wheeling in chopping or PWM mode, simple control strategy, and faster demagnetization during commutation. The experiments are performed to verify the capability of proposed control method on 6/4 salient type SRM.<br/>

Data Build-up for the Construction of Korean Specific Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory in Livestock Categories

Won, S.G.,Cho, W.S.,Lee, J.E.,Park, K.H.,Ra, C.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.3

Many studies on methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from livestock industries have revealed that livestock production directly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through enteric fermentation and manure management, which causes negative impacts on animal environment sustainability. In the present study, three essential values for GHG emission were measured; i.e., i) maximum $CH_4$ producing capacity at mesophilic temperature ($37^{\circ}C$) from anaerobically stored manure in livestock category ($B_{0,KM}$, Korean livestock manure for $B_0$), ii) $EF_{3(s)}$ value representing an emission factor for direct $N_2O$ emissions from manure management system S in the country, kg $N_2O-N$ kg $N^{-1}$, at mesophilic ($37^{\circ}C$) and thermophilic ($55^{\circ}C$) temperatures, and iii) $N_{ex(T)}$ emissions showing annual N excretion for livestock category T, kg N $animal^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$, from different livestock manure. Static incubation with and without aeration was performed to obtain the $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ emissions from each sample, respectively. Chemical compositions of pre- and post- incubated manure were analyzed. Contents of total solids (% TS) and volatile solid (% VS), and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) decrease significantly in all the samples by C-containing biogas generation, whereas moisture content (%) and pH increased after incubation. A big difference of total nitrogen content was not observed in pre- and post-incubation during $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emissions. $CH_4$ emissions (g $CH_4$ kg VS-1) from all the three manures (sows, layers and Korean cattle) were different and high C/N ratio resulted in high $CH_4$ emission. Similarly, $N_2O$ emission was found to be affected by % VS, pH, and temperature. The $B_{0,KM}$ values for sows, layers, and Korean cattle obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ are 0.0579, 0.0006, and 0.0828 $m^3$ $CH_4$ kg $VS^{-1}$, respectively, which are much less than the default values in IPCC guideline (GL) except the value from Korean cattle. For sows and Korean cattle, $N_{ex(T)}$ values of 7.67 and 28.19 kg N $yr^{-1}$, respectively, are 2.5 fold less than those values in IPCC GL as well. However, $N_{ex(T)}$ value of layers 0.63 kg N $yr^{-1}$ is very similar to the default value of 0.6 kg N $yr^{-1}$ in IPCC GLs for National greenhouse gas inventories for countries such as South Korea/Asia. The $EF_{3(s)}$ value obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ were found to be far less than the default value.

Sol-gel-modified titanium with hydroxyapatite thin films and effect on osteoblast-like cell responses

Kim, Hae-Won,Kim, Hyoun-Ee,Salih, Vehid,Knowles, Jonathan C. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A Vol.a74 No.3

<P>Titanium (Ti) surface was coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) films via the sol-gel method. The coating properties, such as crystallinity and surface roughness, were controlled and their effects on the osteoblast-like cell responses were investigated. The film crystallinity was controlled with different heat treatment temperatures (400, 500, and 600°C): Also the surface roughness was changed by using different heating rates (1 and 50°C/min). The obtained sol-gel films had a dense and homogeneous structure with a thickness about 1 μm. The film heat-treated at higher temperature had enhanced crystallinity (600 > 500 ≫ 400°C), while retaining similar surface roughness. When heat-treated rapidly (50°C/min), the film became quite rough, with roughness parameters being much higher (4–6 times) than that obtained at a low heating rate (1°C/min). The dissolution rate of the film decreased with increasing crystallinity (400 ≫ 500 > 600°C), and the rougher film had slightly higher dissolution rate. The attachment, proliferation, and differentiation behaviors of human osteosarcoma HOS TE85 cells were affected by the properties of the films. On the films with higher crystallinity (heat treated over 500°C), the cells attached and proliferated well and expressed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) to a higher degree as compared to the poorly crystallized film (heat treated at 400°C). On the rough film, the cell attachment was enhanced, but the ALP and OC expression levels were similar as compared to the smooth films. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005</P>

Association of −31T>C and −511 C>T polymorphisms in the interleukin 1 beta ( <i>IL1B</i> ) promoter in Korean keratoconus patients

Kim, So-Hee,Mok, Jee-Won,Kim, Hyun-Seok,Joo, C.K. Molecular Vision 2008 Molecular vision Vol.14 No.-

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To investigate the genetic association between unrelated Korean keratoconus patients and interleukin 1 alpha (<I>IL1A</I>), interleukin 1 beta (<I>IL1B</I>), and IL1 receptor antagonist (<I>IL1RN)</I> gene polymorphisms.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We investigated the association between <I>IL1A</I> (rs1800587, rs2071376, and rs17561), <I>IL1B</I> (rs1143627, rs16944, rs1143634, and rs1143633), and <I>IL1RN</I> (rs419598, rs423904, rs424078, and rs315952, variable number tandem repeat [VNTR]) polymorphisms in 100 unrelated Korean keratoconus patients. One hundred control individuals without any corneal disease were selected from the general population. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and direct sequencing were used to screen for genetic variations in the <I>IL1</I> gene cluster. Haplotypes for the <I>IL1</I> gene cluster were constructed using Haploview version 4.0.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We analyzed a total of 12 polymorphic sites in the <I>IL1</I> gene cluster. Among them, the −511 (rs16944) and −31 (rs1143627) positions in the promoter region of <I>IL1B</I> were significantly different between patient and control groups. The C allele of rs16944 (−511C>T, p=0.022, odds ratio of risk [OR]=1.46, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.94<2.27) and the T allele of rs1143627 (−31T>C, p=0.025, OR=1.43, 95% CI 0.92<2.22) were associated with a significantly increased risk of keratoconus in Korean patients. Linkage of the two alleles, −31*C and −511*T, was associated with an increased risk for keratoconus with OR=2.38 (p=0.012, 95% CI=1.116–5.046). The *C/*A genotype of rs2071376 in <I>IL1A</I> intron 6 was significantly different between the keratoconus patients and control subjects (p=0.034, OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.32<1.11). Other polymorphisms did not show an association with keratoconus risk.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>This is the first report of <I>IL1</I> gene cluster mutation screening in Korean keratoconus patients. Significant differences in allelic frequency of <I>IL1B</I> between keratoconus patients and the control group suggest that <I>IL1B</I> polymorphisms may play a role in the susceptibility of unrelated Koreans to develop keratoconus.</P>

SRM 구동을 위한 Energy Efficient C-Dump 컨버터에 관한 연구

최준혁(J.H. Choi),윤용호(Y.H. Yoon),송병섭(B.S. Song),원충연(C.Y. Won),김규식(G.S. Kim),최세완(S.W. Choi) 전력전자학회 2001 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.-

This paper compared a Modified C-dump converter and energy efficient converter topologies, derived from the conventional C-dump converter, for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives The proposed topologies overcome the limitations of the conventional C-dump converter, and could reduce the whole cost of the SRM drive. Also, the above converters have simple control requirements, and allow the motor phase current to free wheel during chopping mode. Specially, the voltage ratings of the dump capacitor and some of the switching devices in the proposed an Energy efficient C-dump converter is reduced to the supply voltage (V-dc) level compared to twice the supply voltage (2V-dc) in the conventional C-dump converter. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed converters are presented and verified.<br/> <br/>

Korean Byungkyul - Citrus platymamma Hort.et Tanaka flavonoids induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, regulating MMP protein expression in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Hong, G. E.,Lee, H. J.,Kim, J. A.,Yumnam, S.,Raha, S.,Saralamma, V. Venkatarame Gowda,Heo, J. D.,Lee, S. J.,Kim, E. H.,Won, C. K. Lychnia 2017 International journal of oncology Vol.50 No.2

<P>Citrus platymamma Hort.et Tanaka is an indigenous fruit of Jeju island in Korea. In this study the bioactivity of C. platymamma flavonoids were evaluated on human hepatoma Hep3B cell lines. Eleven flavonoids were identified from the peels of C. platymamma Hort.et Tanaka through high-performance liquid chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry and the anticancer effect of these C. platymamma flavonoids on human hepatoma Hep3B were studied. Chromatin condensation was observed in Hep3B cells treated with C. platymamma flavonoids. DNA fragmentation was confirmed through agarose gel electrophoresis and TUNEL assay. An increase in the total apoptotic cells and G2/M cell cycle arrest with decreased protein expression of CDC25C, CDK1, cycl in B1 and p21 were observed in Hep3B cells treated with flavonoids of C. platymamma. Further, protein expression of Bcl-XL, Bax, caspase-3 and -9 were also modulated by C. platymamma flavonoids treatment indicating that cell death is through intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, C. platymamma flavonoids also regulated the phosphorylation of MAPKs, PI3K, and Akt in Hep3B cells. Relevant to inhibiting metastasis, C. platymamma treatment reduced wound closure of Hep3B cells and the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 were reduced in C. platymamma treated cells. The results show that C. platymamma flavonoids induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following activation of MAPKs and suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway which eventually inhibits cell migration in Hep3B cells. The finding provides evidence on biochemical activities of C. platymamma Hort.et Tanaka, which would be an essential agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment.</P>