중국영화의 전통 수묵화 촬영기법 연구 - 장이머우 영화 < 삼국-무영자(Shadow) 2018 > 중심으로

장서붕 ( Zhang Ruifeng ),양윤호 ( Yang Yun-ho ) 부산대학교 영화연구소 2020 아시아영화연구 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구는 장이머우(張藝謀) 감독의 작품< 삼국-무영자(Shadow, 影), 2018 >에 나타난 중국 전통 수묵화 기법의 대표적인 촬영장면과 영상기법에 대하여 분석하고자 한다. 이 영화를 대표 사례로 선정한 이유는 중국에서 색채를 이용하는 대표적인 감독이라 알려진 장이머우 감독이 시도한 최초의 중국 전통 수묵화 스타일의 영화이기 때문이다. 이는 중국 영화 역사상으로도 주목할 만한 첫 번째 도전이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 장이머우 감독의 촬영 스타일에 관한 논문 및 인터뷰 등의 자료들을 바탕으로 중국영화의 전통 수묵화(水墨畵) 촬영기법 분석을 구체적으로 분석하기 위해 먼저 회화기법과 중국영화, 장이머우 감독 영상의 특징을 고찰하고 중국 전통 수묵화 기법의 특징을 여백(餘白)과 색채, 구도로 구분하여 고찰하고자 한다. 이러한 선행연구를 바탕으로 영화 <삼국-무영자>에서 활용된 중국 전통 수묵화 촬영기법을 분석함으로써 효과와 결론을 제시하고자 한다. 중국의 대표적인 감독인 장이머우의 중국 전통 수묵화 기법의 운용과 효과에 대한 분석은 향후 중국영화 촬영연구에 있어 새로운 계기가 될 것으로 보인다. First of all, this paper aims to confirm the utilization of Chinese traditional Ink-and-Wash painting skill through the analysis of the filming skills of director Zhang Yi-mou's film Shadow(影, 2018). Specifically, it will be the work of analyzing and interpreting the Ink-and-Wash painting skill of Shadow shooting skills through composition, color, etc. These traditional Chinese Ink-and-Wash painting skills are currently used in Chinese film making. While verifying how it is utilized, director Zhang Yi-mou of filming is aimed at verifying the practice of traditional Chinese Ink-and-Wash painting skills. Zhang Yi-mou's film features a Chinese-style not only in narrative, but also in screen composition. It is clear that Zhang Yi-mou represents a generation in the Chinese film industry, so the author hopes this article will provide a point of view that can be applied in the application of Chinese-style filming skills in Chinese film. The method and procedure of this study are as following. First and foremost, analyze the Zhang Yi-Mou's film Shadow by referring to the papers and interviews of filming style. In his film, traditional Chinese Ink-and-Wash painting skills are realized in any way, and the reason why chose this film because that was the Chinese commercial film which first made by Chinese Ink-and-Wash painting skills. Next, in the main part, director Zhang Yi-Mou, who naturally applies Ink-and-wash painting skills in the screen, examines the characteristics and meaning of the combination of Ink-and-Wash Painting skills and shooting through the composition, space, movement, color, and costume of a specific scene. Finally, the author plans to derive how to use the unique skills contained in traditional culture in the film making process.

Stability of Partial Nitrification and Microbial Population Dynamics in a Bioaugmented membrane Bioreactor

Yun Xia Zhang,Yan Li Xu,Ming Jia,Ji Ti Zhou,Shou Zhi Yuan,Jin Song Zhang,Zhen Peng Zhang 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2009 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.19 No.12

Effectiveness and Safety of Dabrafenib in the Treatment of 20 Chinese Children with BRAFV600E-Mutated Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Ying Yang,Dong Wang,Lei Cui,Hong-Hao Ma,Li Zhang,Hong-Yun Lian,Qing Zhang,Xiao-Xi Zhao,Li-Ping Zhang,Yun-Ze Zhao,Na Li,Tian-You Wang,Zhi-Gang Li,Rui Zhang 대한암학회 2021 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.53 No.1

Purpose We sought to investigate the effectiveness and safety of dabrafenib in children with BRAFV600E-mutated Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 20 children with BRAFV600E-mutated LCH who were treated with dabrafenib. Results The median age at which the patients started taking dabrafenib was 2.3 years old (range, 0.6 to 6.5 years). The ratio of boys to girls was 2.3:1. The median follow-up time was 30.8 months (range, 18.9 to 43.6 months). There were 14 patients (70%) in the risk organ (RO)+ group and six patients (30%) in the RO– group. All patients were initially treated with traditional chemotherapy and then shifted to targeted therapy due to poor control of LCH or intolerance to chemotherapy. The overall objective response rate and the overall disease control rate were 65% and 75%, respectively. During treatment, circulating levels of cell-free BRAFV600E (cfBRAFV600E) became negative in 60% of the patients within a median period of 3.0 months (range, 1.0 to 9.0 months). Grade 2 or 3 adverse effects occurred in five patients. Conclusion Some children with BRAFV600E-mutated LCH may benefit from monotherapy with dabrafenib, especially high-risk patients with concomitant hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and intolerance to chemotherapy. The safety of dabrafenib is notable. A prospective study with a larger sample size is required to determine the optimal dosage and treatment duration.

Study on economic performances of multi-span suspension bridges part 2: parametric study

Zhang, Li-Wen,Xiao, Ru-Cheng,Sun, Bin,Jiang, Yang,Zhang, Xue-Yi,Zhuang, Dong-Li,Zhou, Yun-Gang,Tu, Xue Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.47 No.2

Economic performances of consecutive multi-span suspension bridges are studied. The material amount and cost estimation formulas of the bridges have been derived in the part 1 of the study. A parametric study is carried out based on the formulas for investigating the different factors' effect on the bridge cost. The factors include the bridge sag, the bridge span, the bridge foundation and the environment condition, etc. Then, an economical layout of the bridges is proposed for different conditions. Lastly, a selection of suspension bridge types is discussed based on the economy of bridges.

Effects of gelation temperature, water, polyethylene glycol on morphology of ZrB2 particles synthesized by sol-gel method

Yun Zhang,Hong·Sun 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2018 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.19 No.4

Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) ceramic material has many excellent properties and gains great importance in variety ofapplications. In the present work, the influence of the gelation temperature, H2O, and polyethylene glycol on the morphologyof ZrB2 particles was investigated. Increasing the gelation temperature, the particle shapes changed from sphere-like particlesat 65 oC to a particle chain at 75 oC, and then form rod-like particles at 85 oC. Moreover, different concentration ofpolyethylene glycol with 1 and 3 M was added, the morphology of ZrB2 particles was prism and sphere-like, respectively. Whenthe polyethylene glycol was added with 3M, the reunion between particles was obviously lowered. Furthermore, differentamount of water with 4, 6, and 10 ml was added, the shape of ZrB2 particles was sphere-like and the average grain diameterwas changed from 65, 25, to 20 nm.

Synergy of propylene-based copolymer in high-melt-strength polypropylene for extrusion foaming process

Yun Zhang,Dayong Tian,Lijun Wang 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.4

Propylene-ethylene (PPE) copolymer was added to high melt-strength polypropylene (HMS PP) for extrusion foaming. PPE postpones polypropylene (PP) crystalization and decreases the optimum foaming temperature. The blend maintains good melt strength and pronounced strain hardening(less than 30%) for a low melt mass flow rate (MFR) of PPE. The small phase separation of PPE (high ethylene content) and PP also favors cell nucleation during foaming. Thus, at lower foaming temperature, the small crystals may function as physical crosslinking, which can help to maintain melt strength and strain hardening behavior around the foaming window. The better cell nucleation and finer cells with higher expansion ratio (ER) in the foam sample were achieved. Combining the advantage of resin elasticity and better foam structure, better toughness was achieved with elongation at break as high as 150%, while maintaining the stiffness.

High Ratio Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with a Synchronous Rectification H-Bridge for Hybrid Energy Sources Electric Vehicles

Zhang, Yun,Gao, Yongping,Li, Jing,Sumner, Mark,Wang, Ping,Zhou, Lei The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.6

In order to match the voltages between high voltage battery stacks and low voltage super-capacitors with a high conversion efficiency in hybrid energy sources electric vehicles (HESEVs), a high ratio bidirectional DC-DC converter with a synchronous rectification H-Bridge is proposed in this paper. The principles of high ratio step-down and step-up operations are analyzed. In terms of the bidirectional characteristic of the H-Bridge, the bidirectional synchronous rectification (SR) operation is presented without any extra hardware. Then the SR power switches can achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on and turn-off during dead time, and the power conversion efficiency is improved compared to that of the diode rectification (DR) operation, as well as the utilization of power switches. Experimental results show that the proposed converter can operate bidirectionally in the wide ratio range of 3~10, when the low voltage continuously varies between 15V and 50V. The maximum efficiencies are 94.1% in the Buck mode, and 93.6% in the Boost mode. In addition, the corresponding largest efficiency variations between SR and DR operations are 4.8% and 3.4%. This converter is suitable for use as a power interface between the battery stacks and super-capacitors in HESEVs.

REPRESENTATION OF BOUNDED LINEAR OPERATORS WITH EQUAL SPECTRAL PROJECTIONS AT ZERO

Zhang, Yun,Chen, Dong-Jun Korean Mathematical Society 2010 대한수학회논문집 Vol.25 No.4

In this paper, we present the reprentation of all operators B which are Drazin invertible and sharing the spectral projections at 0 with a given Drazin invertible operator A. Meanwhile, some related results for EP operators with closed range are obtained.

Receptor-mediated delivery of an antisense gene to human brain cancer cells

Zhang, Yun,Lee, Hwa Jeong,J. Boado, Ruben,M. Pardridge, William 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2002 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.11

Background The goal of this work was the development of a gene targetingtechnology that will enable the delivery of therapeutic genes to brain cancercells in vivo following intravenous administration. High-grade brain gliomasoverexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFR anti-sense gene therapy could reduce the growth of EGFR-dependent gliomas. Methods A human EGFR antisense gene driven by the SV4O promoter ina non-virat plasmid carrying elements that facilitate extra-chromosomalreplication was packaged in the interior of 85 nm pegylated immuno-liposomes (PILs) . The PILs were targeted to U87 human glioma cells withthe 83-14 murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the human insulin receptor(HIR). Results Confocal fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that the unconju-gated HIR MAb is rapidly internalized by the glioma cells. Endoytosisfellowed by entry into the nucleus was also demonstrated for the HIR MAbconjugated PILs carrying fluorescein-labeled plasmid DNA. The PILs deliveredenogenous genes to virtually all cells in culture, based on β-galactosidasehistochemistry. The targeting of a luciferasr gene to the U87 cells with thePILs resulted in luciferase levels in excess of 150 pg/mg protein after 72 h ofincubation. The level of luciferase gene expression in the U87 cells acHievedwith the PIL gene targeting system was comparable to that with lipo-fectamine. Targeting the EGFR antisense gene to U87 glioma cells with thePILs resulted in more than 70% reduction in [^3H]thymidine incorporationinto the cells; this was paralleled by a 79% reduction in the level ofimmunoreactive EGFR. Conclusion The present work describes the targeting of an EGFR antisensegene to human brain cancer cells, which results in a 70-80% inhibition incancer cell growth. PILs provide a new approach to gene targeting that iseffective in vivo following intravenous administration without viral vectors.

연구논문 : Research on the Physical Characteristics of the Elder People and Park Design

( Yun Ji Zhang ),( Yong Ji Piao ),( Tae Dong Cho ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.6

This article reveals the relationship between the body characteristics of the elder people and the size of park facilities during utilization of parks by scientific investigation, The experiment involves 540 elder people, and offer concrete evidence for park design in ageing society, These evidences mainly consists of the following aspects: First, the relation between physical situation of elder people and their using parks. Secondly, the relation between the hearing status and exchange circle diameter in elders. The last is the relation between the distance visual acuity and designing the scene. Finally we get the most suitable step length range, stairs height, road slope, communication space diameter and general formulas about the best vision distance for elder people.