An On-Machine and Vision-Based Depth-Error Measurement Method for Micro Machine Tools

Shih-Ming Wang,Han-Jen Yu,Shih-His Liu,Da-Fan Chen 한국정밀공학회 2011 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

The error measurement method is an essential for further enhancing the machining accuracy of a micro machine tool. An on-machine vision-based measurement method that can measure 2-D contouring-/tracking errors of a micro machining process had been previously developed. An on-machine depth-error measurement method was proposed in this study to fulfill the complete 3-D machining errors measurement. The method adopts image re-constructive technology and camera pixel correction to provide non-contact measurement capability. To improve the measurement limits due to the pixel resolution and the filler of view of a CCD, a 2-step measurement method with use of a depth model was developed. Because of the capability of eliminating the shadow effects caused by the tilting light source, the proposed method provides more accurate and reliable measurement results. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of the CCD setup errors on the measurement accuracy for implementation. Experiment was conducted and the results have shown the effectiveness and feasibility of the measurement method.

SEMA: A Site Equipment Management Assistant for Construction Management

Meng-Han Tsai,Cheng-Hsuan Yang,Chen-Hsuan Wang,I-Tung Yang,Shih-Chung Kang 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.3

Collecting construction equipment information such as the site equipment enter and exit date-time, driver's name, type, and quantity is essential in construction management. Most construction projects use paper to record the equipment access history. However, manual recording is always labour-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, this research aims to develop an assistant system, Site Equipment Management Assistant (SEMA), to automate the site equipment management processes. With the introduction of image recognition and multiple objects tracking technologies, the proposed system can extract equipment-related information from raw videos. SEMA is designed as a chatbot system that contains three major modules: data acquisition, information extraction, and information delivery. A deep learning-based model was first trained to automatically recognize and track construction equipment passing by the site monitor. Information such as equipment entering and exiting date-time, type, and quantity would be extracted and stored in a database. A chatbot interface was developed for users to obtain data from the database through an intuitive and easy-to-use interface. A system evaluation and usability test were conducted. The results showed that the system could effectively improve the construction equipment management process. SEMA can save 60.7% of users' operation time on obtaining related information.

Three-step in vitro digestion model for evaluating and predicting fecal odor emission from growing pigs with different dietary protein intakes

Lo Shih-Hua,Chen Ching-Yi,Wang Han-Tsung 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.10

Objective: The objective of this study was to select an effective in vitro digestion–fermentation model to estimate the effect of decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) on odor emission during pig production and to suggest potential prediction markers through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: In the in vitro experiment, three diet formulations with different CP contents (170 g/kg, 150 g/kg, and 130 g/kg) but containing the same standardized ileal digestible essential amino acids (SID-EAA) were assessed. Each diet was evaluated by two different in vitro gastric-intestinal phase digestion methods (flask and dialysis), combined with fresh pig feces-ferment inoculation. Eighteen growing barrows (31.9±1.6 kg) were divided into three groups: control diet (180 g CP/kg, without SID-EAA adjustment), 170 g CP/kg diet, and 150 g CP/kg diet for 4 weeks. Results: The in vitro digestion results indicated that in vitro digestibility was affected by the gastric-intestinal phase digestion method and dietary CP level. According to the gas kinetic and digestibility results, the dialysis method showed greater distinguishability for dietary CP level adjustment. Nitrogen-related odor compounds (NH3-N, indole, p-cresol, and skatole) were highly correlated with urease and protease activity. The feeding study indicated that both EAA-adjusted diets resulted in a lower odor emission especially in p-cresol and skatole. Both protease and urease activity in feces were also closely related to odor emissions from nitrogen metabolism compounds. Conclusion: Dialysis digestion in the gastric-intestinal phase followed by fresh fecal inoculation fermentation is suitable for in vitro diet evaluation. The enzyme activity in the fermentation and the fecal samples might provide a simple and effective estimation tool for nitrogenrelated odor emission prediction in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Objective: The objective of this study was to select an effective in vitro digestion–fermentation model to estimate the effect of decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) on odor emission during pig production and to suggest potential prediction markers through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Methods: In the in vitro experiment, three diet formulations with different CP contents (170 g/kg, 150 g/kg, and 130 g/kg) but containing the same standardized ileal digestible essential amino acids (SID-EAA) were assessed. Each diet was evaluated by two different in vitro gastric-intestinal phase digestion methods (flask and dialysis), combined with fresh pig feces-ferment inoculation. Eighteen growing barrows (31.9±1.6 kg) were divided into three groups: control diet (180 g CP/kg, without SID-EAA adjustment), 170 g CP/kg diet, and 150 g CP/kg diet for 4 weeks.Results: The in vitro digestion results indicated that in vitro digestibility was affected by the gastric-intestinal phase digestion method and dietary CP level. According to the gas kinetic and digestibility results, the dialysis method showed greater distinguishability for dietary CP level adjustment. Nitrogen-related odor compounds (NH₃-N, indole, p-cresol, and skatole) were highly correlated with urease and protease activity. The feeding study indicated that both EAA-adjusted diets resulted in a lower odor emission especially in p-cresol and skatole. Both protease and urease activity in feces were also closely related to odor emissions from nitrogen metabolism compounds.Conclusion: Dialysis digestion in the gastric-intestinal phase followed by fresh fecal inoculation fermentation is suitable for in vitro diet evaluation. The enzyme activity in the fermentation and the fecal samples might provide a simple and effective estimation tool for nitrogen-related odor emission prediction in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Advances in Medical Needle Technologies – Geometry, Mechanics, Design and Manufacturing

Yancheng Wang,Weisi Li,Peidong Han,Marco Giovannini,Kornel Ehmann,Albert Shih 한국생산제조학회 2014 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.9(2)

Distributed Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code for Four Transmit Antennas with Information Exchange Error Mitigation

( Shu-ming Tseng ),( Shih-han Wang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.10

In this paper, we extend the case of information exchange error mitigation for the distributed orthogonal space-time block code (DOSTBC) for two transmit antennas to distributed quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (DQOSTBC) for four transmit antennas. A rate 1 full-diversity DQOSTBC for four transmit antennas is designed. The code matrix changes according to different information exchange error cases, so full diversity is maintained even if not all information exchange is correct. We also perform analysis of the pairwise error probability. The performance analysis indicates that the proposed rate 1 DQOSTBC outperforms rate 1/2 DOSTBC for four transmit antennas at the same transmission rate, which is confirmed by the simulation results.

ANALYZING ISUAL SPECTROPHOTOMETER DATA USING A TWO-COLOR DIAGRAM METHOD

CHEN ALFRED BING-CHIH,CHIANG PO-SHIH,HUANG TIAN-HSIANG,KUO CHENG-LING,WANG SHI-CHUN,SU HAN-TZONG,HSU RUE-RoN,CHANG MING-HUI,CHANG YEOU-SHIN,LIU TIE-YUE,MENDE STEPHEN B.,FREY HARALD U.,FUKUNISHI HIROSH The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2

Transient luminous events (TLEs; sprites, elves, jets and etc.) are lightning-related optical flashes occurring above thunderstorms. Since the first discovery of sprites in 1989, scientists have learned a great deal about the morphological, spectroscopic and electromagnetic characteristics of TLEs through ground and spacecraft campaigns. However, most of the TLE studies were based on events recorded over US High Plains. To elucidate the possible biasing effects, space-borne observations are needed and have their merits. Imager of sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) on the FORMOSAT-2 satellite is the first instrument to carry out a true global measurement of TLEs from a low- earth orbit. In this short paper, we apply a common astronomical data analysis technique, two-color diagram, on the ISUAL spectrophotometer (SP) data. By choosing appropriated bandpasses and converting the measured flux of TLEs into the unit of magnitude, two-color diagrams of TLEs can be constructed. We demonstrate that two-color diagrams, which were constructed from the narrow-band spectrophotometer data, can be used to classify different types of TLEs and trace their temporal evolution. The amount of reddening due to Earth's atmosphere can also be estimated from two-color diagrams assembled from the broad-band spectrophotometer data.

고추 침수 내성 자원 선발을 위한 생육 특성 조사

강석범,양은영,조명철,Takeshi Tajima,Tsung Han Lin,Shih-Wen Lin,Yen-Wei Wang,Cynthia Kung Man Yee,Derek Barchenger,Roland Schafleitner 한국국제농업개발학회 2021 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 세계채소센터의 고추 유전자원들에 대한 침수조건에서 생육특성을 조사해 침수 저항성 자원을 선발하기 위해 수행하였다. 세계채소센터 유전자원센터에서 보유중인 4종의 고추 8자원을 선발하여 유리온실에서 종자를 파종하여 2개월 간 육묘한 후 본 실험을 위해 비닐하우스로 이동 후 침수시험을 수행하였다. 시험에 이용된 고추는 고온인 여름철에 시험이 수행되어 침수에 대한 반응이 매우 빠르게 나타났다. 1. 침수 처리구에서 생육이 전체적으로 감소 되었으나 저항성 자원들은 대조구와 비교하여 초장에 있어 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. 침수 처리 후 고추자원의 엽온 조사에서는 No. 29 (9656-13) 자원을 제외한 모든 침수구에서 엽온이 대조구에 비해 높게 유지되었다. 3. 감수성 자원들은 위조지수가 1.5 이상을 나타냈으나 내침 수성 자원들은 0.5로 낮게 유지되었다. 4. SPAD 값을 조사한 결과에 있어서는 침수로 인해 전체적으로 대조구에 비해 10% 낮은 수치를 나타냈다. 5. Proline 함량에 있어서는 침수구에서 전체적으로 Proline 함량이 높게 나타났으나 내침수성이 강했던 No. 8과 22는 대조구와 유의차가 없이 낮았다. 6. 침수자원들에 대한 침수와 고온에 따른 화분활력 조사에서는 침수에서 일부 자원의 화분활력 감소를 확인하였으며, 고온처리에서 처리구 대부분의 화분 활력이 유의하게 감소하는 결과를 나타냈다. 7. 본 시험을 통해 이번 시험의 고추자원 중 Capsicum bacatum 종인 No. 8 (VI028788), No. 12 (VI044312) 자원 이 침수저항성이 강한 자원으로 판단되어 1차 선발하였다. Chili pepper (Capsicum sp.) is an important crop across tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of Asia. There is interest in producing pepper in rice-based cropping systems, which are subjected to long periods of waterlogging conditions. The objective of our study was to characterize the response of previously reported tolerant and sensitive Capsicum accessions to waterlogging under subtropical conditions. We tested eight chili pepper accessions from four species (Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chacoense, and C. frutescens) for their response to waterlogging stress. Plants exposed to stress treatment were subjected to waterlogging in pots for 5 days from July 27, 2020 to July 31, 2020 after transplantation by placing the pots in trays filled with water up to a height of 20 cm, while control plants were normally irrigated. At five days after waterlogging, most accessions showed reduced plant width growth, while some accessions, No. 8 (VI028788) and No. 12 (VI044312) showed slight reduction compared to control plants. Leaf temperatures were significantly higher in flooded plants compared to the control plants, except in accession No. 29 (9656-13). The wilt index of waterlogging sensitive accessions was greater than 1.5, while tolerant accessions had wilt scores of less than 0.5. For all accessions, the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value was reduced by 10% under stress compared to control plants. Proline content in flooded plants was significantly higher than that in control plants with No. 8 (VI028788) and No. 22 (PBC481) showing the smallest increase. Pollen viability in some accessions was decreased after waterlogging. However, the effect of high temperature was much greater in most accessions as expected. Based on these results, waterlogging stress accessions No. 8 (VI028788) and No. 12 (VI044312) were identified as having the potential for tolerance to waterlogging stress.

Properties of Pepper Accessions under Flooding in Summer Season

Seok-Beom Kang,Seok-Beom Kang,Yun-Young Yang,Takeshi Tajima,Tsung Han Lin,Shih-Wen Lin,Yen-Wei Wang,Derek Barchenger 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.5

Properties of Pepper Accessions under Flooding in Winter Season

Seok-Beom Kang,Myeong-Cheol Cho,Yun-Young Yang,Tsung-Han Lin,Shih-Wen Lin,Yen-Wei Wang,Derek Barchenger 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.5

Properties of Pepper Accessions under Flooding in Summer Season

Seok-Beom Kang,Myeong-Cheoul Cho,Yun-Young Yang,Tsung-Han Lin,Shih-Wen Lin,Yen-Wei Wang,Derek Barchenger,Hyungmin Rho 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10

Pepper (Capsicum sp.) is one of the major vegetable crops in the world. Recently, flooding frequently occurs around the world as climatic change becomes more serious. Especially, damages of flooded pepper continuously increased in poorly drained cultivation areas and paddy upland soil of pepper. This experiment was carried out to investigate the flooding stress tolerance of pepper accessions among the World Vegetable Center collection during the summer growing season. We used 17 pepper accessions from five species, (C. annuum; C. baccatum; C. chacoense; C. Chinese, and C. frutescens) and grew the seedlings for two months in seven-inch pots filled with sterilized garden soil with four replications. After the two-month growth, flooding was imposed for five days by submerging the pots into water. Growth and stress responses were measured to evaluate tolerance to flooding stress of the accessions. Five days after the flooding treatment, the pots were drained and maintained for three days for recovery. Finally, three days after the water drainage, growth and stress responses were reevaluated to assess plant recovery from flooding stress. After five days of flooding, plant height decreased with the exceptions of PBC2029, VI028788, VI029116, VI057807, VI029485, and PBC 934, which were not significantly different from the control. Plant canopy width was significantly depressed by the flooding for all accessions. The number of flowering plants tended to be decreased by the flooding treatment but there was no significant difference. In the summer season, wilting quickly occurred all of the accessions; especially, C. chinense and C. frutescens accessions were sensitive to flooding stress but AVPP9824 (C. annuum), VI029119, and VI044312 (C. chacoense) showed resistant response to the flooding. In all flooded accessions, the leaf temperature of pepper significantly increased at five days compared to the first day of flooding. SPAD index of pepper tended to be decreased in most accessions but, AVPP9824 and VI013286 were not different compared to the control. Pollen viability was variable among the accessions of this experiment. Proline content significantly increased in all of the accessions by the flooding treatment. From the results, we found that AVPP9824 (C. annuum), VI029119, and VI044312 (C. chacoense) accessions exhibited tolerance characteristics to flooding stress in the measured variables, but further research is needed to confirm this finding.