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( Ming-lung Yu ),( Ming-lun Yeh ),( Chi-yi Chen ),( Pin-nan Cheng ),( Ming-jong Bair ),( Jyh-jou Chen ),( Ching-chu Lo ),( Chi-ming Tai ),( Ching-yang Tsai ),( Kuo-chih Tseng ),( Chien-hung Chen ),( C 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Insufficient data regarding the treatment strategy for partial response to nucleot(s)ide analogue (NUC) raised the aim of investigating tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) switching for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with advanced fibrosis and partial response to other NUCs. Methods: CHB patients with advanced fibrosis (stage 3 or 4) and under NUC (except TAF) therapy with detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA for >52 weeks are enrolled to TAF 25 mg/day for 96 weeks. The objectives are viral suppression, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization and safety. Results: From Feb. 2019, 34 patients, including 21 (61.8%) with entecavir, 10 (29.4%) TDF and 3 (8.8%) lamivudine or adefovir, were enrolled (15 [44.1%] male, median 53 years). The fibroscan demonstrated a mean of 10.5 kPa (7 [20.6%] cirrhotic). Sixteen (47.1%) patients were HBV e antigen positive, seven (20.6%) had YMDD mutation. The median HBV DNA level declined from 68.5 IU/mL at enrollment to 27.0 IU/mL at 4<sup>th</sup> week, and undetectable at 12<sup>th</sup>, 24<sup>th</sup>, 36<sup>th</sup> week, respectively, after TAF switching, with undetectable HBV DNA in 14/34 (41.2%), 17/33 (51.5%), 15/25 (60.0%), and 9/15 (60.0%) patients and rate of ALT normalization (≤40 U/L) of 85.3%, 85.3%, 84.8%, 92.0%, and 80.0%, respectively, after TAF switching. (figure 1) Two patients experienced transient virological breakthrough and another one developed at the final time follow up. Serum creatinine and eGFR levels were stable after TAF switching (figure 1). Two patients early terminated including one at 12<sup>th</sup> week due to personal reason, and another one accidently died at 20<sup>th</sup> week due to acute heart attack. Others suffered only mild degrees of adverse events which were considered unrelated to treatment. Conclusions: The preliminary results demonstrated the TAF switching is effective and safe in viral suppression for CHB patients with advanced fibrosis and partial virologic responses to other NUCs.
Hypoglycemia Revisited in the Acute Care Setting
Shih-Hung Tsai,Der-Ming Chu,Yen-Yue Lin,Chin-Wang Hsu,Chien-Sheng Cheng 연세대학교의과대학 2011 Yonsei medical journal Vol.52 No.6
Hypoglycemia is a common finding in both daily clinical practice and acute care settings. The causes of severe hypoglycemia (SH) are multi-factorial and the major etiologies are iatrogenic, infectious diseases with sepsis and tumor or autoimmune diseases. With the advent of aggressive lowering of HbA1c values to achieve optimal glycemic control, patients are at increased risk of hypoglycemic episodes. Iatrogenic hypoglycemia can cause recurrent morbidity, sometime irreversible neurologic complications and even death, and further preclude maintenance of euglycemia over a lifetime of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that hypoglycemia is associated with adverse outcomes in many acute illnesses. In addition, hypoglycemia is associated with increased mortality among elderly and non-diabetic hospitalized patients. Clinicians should have high clinical suspicion of subtle symptoms of hypoglycemia and provide prompt treatment. Clinicians should know that hypoglycemia is associated with considerable adverse outcomes in many acute critical illnesses. In order to reduce hypoglycemia-associated morbidity and mortality, timely health education programs and close monitoring should be applied to those diabetic patients presenting to the Emergency Department with SH. ED disposition strategies should be further validated and justified to achieve balance between the benefits of euglycemia and the risks of SH. We discuss relevant issues regarding hypoglycemia in emergency and critical care settings.
Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of SOF/LDV for Pa-tients with Chronic Hepatitis C in Taiwan
( Ching-chu Lo ),( Pin-nan Cheng ),( Chi-yi Chen ),( Chung-feng Huang ),( Hsing-tao Kuo ),( Kuo-chih Tseng ),( Yi-hsiang Huang ),( Chi-ming Tai ),( Cheng-yuan Peng ),( Ming-jong Bair ),( Chien-hung Ch 대한간학회 2021 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2021 No.1
A 4Gb/s CMOS Multiplexer Circuit
Parng,Tai Ming,Liu,Wen Tai,Chu,Hung Chi 대한전자공학회 1997 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.5 No.1
Based on a special multiplexing technique and delay locked loop, a high-speed CMOS multiplexer circuit is proposed for increasing the output data bit rate of CMOS multiplexers. Its data bit rate can be several times higher than the maximum clock frequency (FQx} imposed by the intrinsic speed performance of CMOS circuits. A 4-to-1 multiplexer, implemented in a 0.8 ㎛ CMOS process technology, has been designed based on the proposed circuit scheme. Spice simulation results show that the circuit, running at F_(max) = 1 GHz, can achieve a maximum output data bit rate of 4 Gb/s.
Shu Yi Chu,Ji Bo Xiao,Guang Ming Tian,Ming Hung Wongb 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5
Preparation of activated carbon from Thalia dealbata was carried out. The T. dealbata-derived activated carbon (TDAC) was characterized by BET, SEM and FTIR. The potential of TDAC to remove reactive brilliant blue from aqueous solutions was investigated under varying conditions of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. Adsorption equilibrium, and kinetics were further studied. Adsorption was favored under acid conditions, and the process attained equilibrium in 30 min. The pseudo-second-order model could best describe the adsorption kinetics. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the maximum capacity was 555 mg g-1.
( Jhen-jia Guo ),( Ching-lu Hsieh ),( Ming-hung Chu ),( Chia-sheng Chen ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Hay quality is an important factor that affects yield and quality of animal products. It also influences its market price. Therefore, it is crucial to have quantitative value on hay quality. Conventionally hay quality is judged manually by its appearance, smell, and chemical composition that needs tedious laboratory analysis. Spectroscopy in near infrared, digital image technique, and electronic smell senor are techniques that have been broadly studied in agricultural field. They contain many advantages, such as, simple preparation for samples, non-destructive on samples, and quick detection. This study applied these three techniques in hay quality evaluation. Seventy Pangola hay samples were randomly collected from Kenting, a southern town in Taiwan. Each sample was scanned by a monochrometer (microPHAZER) to record its reflective spectrum at 1600~2400 nm. Its digital color image was taken by a commercial camera in a small chamber after a calibration process was performed. And the response curve of electric resistance change detected by three SiO<sub>2</sub> gas sensors of MQ5, TGS800, and TGS 822 were recorded for 15 minutes. These records were used to calibrate a prediction/classification model for hay quality evaluation. Among these sample data, 2/3 of them were used as calibration set while the rest were used as test set. For spectroscopy to predict composition, PLSR (Partial least square regression) and MLR (Multiple linear regression) models were tested to predict CP (Crude protein), NDF (Neutral detergent fiber) and ADF (Acid detergent fiber). Results showed the best model was found at PLSR that had correlation coefficient (R) on prediction and measurement on test set of 0.89, 0.80, and 0.71 for CP, NDF and ADF respectively and with RMSEP (root mean squared error of prediction) value of 1.04, 1.34, and 2.30. For digital image, expert score on each sample was calibrated with LDA (linear discriminant analysis) model and 79 features extracted from image were used. Results indicated that two groups classification accuracy was 100% in color for test set. For smell detection, four features were extracted from the response curve and LDA for two groups was tested. The classification accuracy was about 87% in test set. The study developed a GUI (Graphic user interface) to integrate these three quality evaluations for field application. In terms of contribution, this study developed a hay quality evaluation system that offers quick and nondestructive method. The system is portable and can be carried and operated in field.
Po-Han Chou,Yen-Feng Lin,Ming-Kuei Lu,Hsin-An Chang,Che-Sheng Chu,Wei Hung Chang,Taishiro Kishimoto,Alexander T. Sack,Kuan-Pin Su 대한정신약물학회 2021 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.19 No.2
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) are evidenced-based treatments for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who fail to respond to standard first-line therapies. However, although various TMS protocols have been proven to be clinically effective, the response rate varies across clinical applications due to the heterogeneity of real-world psychiatric comorbidities, such as generalized anxiety dis-order, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, or substance use disorder, which are often observed in patients with MDD. Therefore, individualized treatment approaches are important to increase treatment response by assigning a given patient to the most optimal TMS treatment protocol based on his or her individual profile. This literature review summarizes different rTMS or TBS protocols that have been applied in researches investigating MDD patients with certain psychiatric comorbidities and discusses biomarkers that may be used to predict rTMS treatment response. Furthermore, we highlight the need for the validation of neuroimaging and electrophysiological biomarkers associated with rTMS treatment responses. Finally, we discuss on which directions future efforts should focus for developing the personalization of the treatment of depression with rTMS or iTBS.
Chung-Lin Lee,Ying-Hsu Chang,Chung-Yi Liu,Ming-Li Hsieh,Liang-Kang Huang,Yuan-Cheng Chu,Hung-Cheng Kan,Po-Hung Lin,Kai-Jie Yu,Cheng-Keng Chuang,Chun-Te Wu,See-Tong Pang,I-Hung Shao 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.5
Purpose: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has a poor prognosis. Abiraterone acetate (AA), enzalutamide, and chemotherapy are first-line treatments for patients with mCRPC. This study examined prognostic factors for AA response in the form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics throughout androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in chemonaïve patients with mCRPC. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively included data from 34 chemonaïve patients with mCRPC who had received AA at some point between January 2017 and December 2018. We separated patients into two study arms according to the decrease in PSA percentages after use of AA for 3 months. We correlated PSA kinetics parameters with response and compared the two study groups with respect to PSA kinetics. Results: The patients’ median age was 77 years. In the total group of patients, 64% had a response to AA, whereas 35% did not. The ratio of the PSA level at nadir to the level during ADT was significantly higher in the AA-sensitive group (19.78 vs. 1.03, p=0.019). Conclusions: Patients who experienced a dramatic change in PSA level during ADT were more likely to be resistant to AA after progression to mCRPC. Chemotherapy rather than AA might be more suitable as a first-line treatment for these patients.