Feasibility of Calibrating Smartphone to Access Physical Activity

이정민(Jung Min Lee),김영원(Young Won Kim),권이석(Yi Suk Kwon),Timothy R. Derrick,Gregory J. Welk 한국체육측정평가학회 2015 한국체육측정평가학회지 Vol.17 No.3

대부분의 신체활동측정을 위해 연구들은 가속도계를 이용하여 측정되어져 왔다. 하지만, 스마트폰이 대중화 되면서스마트폰에 내장된 가속도계를 이용하여 신체활동을 측정 할 수 있는 에플리케이션들이 빈도 높게 늘어나고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 스마트폰에 내장되어 있는 가속도계를 이용하여 에너지 소비량을 구하는 공식을 만들고 그 공식을 현재 연구중심으로 많이 사용되는 가속계와 비교하고 교차분석을 통하여 정확성과 실용성을 검증하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 건강한 성인 44명을 편의추출 하여 가속계와 스마트폰을 착용시켜 69분 동안 다양한 일상생활 활동을 시켰으며 신체활동 측정의 준거검사인 간접열량계(Oxycon Mobile)가 사용되었다. 회귀분석을 통하여 만들어진 연산은 교차 타탕도 분석을 통하여 정확도를 검증하였고 검사도구의 정확성은 절대오차율(%)을 계산하고 검사도구간 상관계수 (r), Bland-Altman plot 과 equivalence testing 사용하여 검증하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 스마트폰을 통해 얻어진 절대오차율은 (42.4%)를 보였고 Freedson`s 기준치와 비교했을 때는 (38.2%)를 보였다. 그러나 스마트폰을 통해 만들어진 연산은 걷기 와 달리기의 에너지 소비량은 측정하는데 유의하다는 결과가 나왔다. 추후, 스마트폰만을 이용한 신체활동 측정이 다양하게 필요하고 그 정확성을 검증하는 연구들도 필수적으로 요구된다. The purpose of the study was to develop algorithms to predict energy expenditure (EE) and to evaluate their utility compared to existing accelerometer technology. Forty-four participants wore an Actigraph GT3X (AG3X) and the Samsung Galaxy S2 Smartphone (SP) over a 69 min period. Oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) was simultaneously measured by a portable indirect calorimetry system. EE prediction equations for the SP were developed from the walking and running activities using standard regression methods. The equation was then cross-validated on a separate holdout sample (n=22) using equivalence testing to evaluate accuracy. The overall mean absolute percentage errors were large for both the SP algorithm (42.4%) and the Freedson`s AG3X algorithm (38.2%). However, the estimated METs from the SP was statistically equivalent to the measured METs for the two activities used in calibration: walking (90% CI: 2.85, 3.50 kcal·min-1) and running (90% CI: 7.64, 8.25 kcal·min-1). Other activities were not accurately assessed with the SP but none of the estimates from the AG3X met the statistical criteria for equivalency. The study demonstrates that data from SP can be easily calibrated to estimate EE and that accuracy is comparable to the common research-grade monitors.

이온 플레이팅법으로 제조한 TiN 박막의 미세구조

권순영,김민호,이해석,손창헌,김규호 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.1

Hard coating의 일종인 TiN 피막을 PVD 법으로 제조할 경우, 이온 충돌 양상을 조절할 수 있는 기판 Bias와 질소 분압 등이 미세 구조와 피막 특성에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 실험에서는 Ion plating에 의한 TiN 피막 제조에서 기판 바이어스 전압과 질소 분압을 변화시키면서 TiN 피막을 제조하고, 미세 구조를 조사하였다. 공정 변수에 관계없이 얻어진 모든 피막은 δ-TiN 단일상이었다. 질소 분압이 높아짐에 따라 우선배향은 (111)면에서 (200)면으로 바뀌었으며, (111)회절상과 (222) 회절상의 반가폭의 비는 감소하였다. 그리고 결정의 크기는 감소하는 거동을 보였으며 피막의 격자 상수는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 기판 바이어스 변화에 대해서는 전압이 증가함에 따라 (111) 회절상의 반가폭은 -100V 가지 증가하다 그 이상에서는 다시 감소하였으며, 그 때 결정이 크기는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 피막의 격자 상수는 기판 바이어스가 증가함에 따라 150V까지 증가하다 그 이상에서는 다시 감소하였다. The action of ionized particles has to be controlled properly in ion plating method, because the action of ionized particles has an effect on the microstructure of the thin film. In this pointview, we investigated microstructure of TiN thin film that was deposited with variables of N₂partial pressure is increased, the prefered orientation was changed(1110 plane to (200) plane, the ratio of FWHM of (222) to FWHM of (111)was decreased, grain size was decrease and lattice parameter was increased. As bias voltage was increased, the FWHM of (111) peak was increased to-100V, and then decreased with the grain size was increased. Lattice parameter of film was increased to-150V, and then decreased

악교정 환자의 악교정 수술전후 발음양상에 대한 비교연구

권경환,김수남,이동근,조용민,이숙향 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was undertaken to determine the effects of orthognathic surgery on speech. The hyposis stated herein is that functional behaviors of the dentofacial complex, such as speech production, may be adversely affected by deviations of a structural nature(especially, Class III malocclusion) . Twenty adults with Class III malocclusion(13 female and 7 male) were studied preoperative, immediate postoperative and either 6 or 12 months postoperative lateral cephalograms. They had mandibular prognathism and had undergone mandible setback operation. The position of tongue, soft palate(Uvula), hyoid bone, respiratory track width, and pharyngeal depth were assessed on lateral cephalograms with 23 cephalometric variables, ANOVA, Paired t-tests and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient tests were used to evalute the operative changes in all cephalometric parameters. A experienced speech and language pathologists performed narrow phonetic transcriptions of tape-recorded words and sentences produced by each of the ninth patients and the recording tapes were analyzed by phonetic computer program(Computerized Speech Lab(CSL) Model 4300BI(U.S.A.)) These judges also recorded their ratings of each patient's overall consonants, hypernasality, hyponasality, and articulation proficiency. The results obtained are as follows ; 1.There were significant changes in distance of posterior pharyngeal wall to tongue (TI-TW2, TS-TW3) after the surgery at 6 months postoperatively(each p<0.01 p<0.05) 2.The posterior tongue point(TI, TS, PPT) moved posteriorly after surgery and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05) . The displacement of tongue was correlated with the movement of mandibular setback amount(p<0.05). The hyoid bone moved posteriorly superiorly after immediate postoperative period. There was significant changes in hyoid bone movement after immediated post-operative period(p<0.05), but returned to its original position during the follow-up period(p>0.05) 3.The soft palate was displaced posteriorly superiorly after immediated operative period and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05) ANS-PNS-SPT angle increasing, PPU-PPPo distance narrowing was showed after surgery, and remained its appearance 6 months postoperactively (p<0.05) 4.There were significant changes in formant value and squre diagram of vowel sound after the orthognathic surgery and the follow-up period. There were significant changes in /ㅅ/sound and posterior tongue sound. 5.The posterior movement of tongue and the posteriosuperior movement of soft palate was correlated with mandibular setback amount after orthognathic surgery. On the vowel squre diagram, the author found that the place of articulation after operation moved downward, backward, upward. 6.In assessing speech abnormalities, dental occlusion should be considered as a contributing factor. The vast majority of subjects with preoperactive misarticulations eliminated or reduced their errors following orthognathic surgery. There was significant difference in speech impovement between pre- and post-operation.

急性骨髓性 白血病에서의 試驗管內 集落細胞 形成에 관한 연구

고석만,조덕연,박철신,강원권,김민범,김삼용,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2

To evaluate the in vitro granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in acute myfloblastic leukemia and the prognostic implications of these results, the author performed the in vitro agar culture of bone marrow cells in 10 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and 5 control subjects. Culture medium was composed of 20% fetal calf serum(FCS), 50% Iscove's medium, 0.3% agar, 10% colony stimulation factor (CSF), and 2 × 10 exp (5) cells/ml. Human placental conditioned medium (HPCM) and phytohemagglutinin-leukocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) were used as colony stimulating factor. Colony counting was done on 7th day of culture. Colony was defi ned as containg 20 or more cells, and cluster was defined as containing 3-19 cells. The results were as followings, 1. In control subjects, the number of clusters formed was 3-47/2 × 10 exp (5) cells (20±19)and that of colonies was 5-24/2 × 10 exp (5) cells (14±9) when stimulated with HPCM. When stimulated with PHA-LCM, the number of clusters formed 5-39/2 × 10 exp (5) cells(18±16) and that of colonies was 6-13/2 × 10 exp (5) cells (9±3). 2. In AML patients, 3 groups were recognized according to pattern of colony formation: 1) non-forming 2) cluster forming 3) both cluster and colony forming. Of 10 cases, 5 cases Were `non-forming', 2 cases were `cluster forming'; and 3cases wer cluster and `colony forming'; 3. All 5 cases 'non-forming' cases, one of 2 cases of `cluster forming'; and none of 3 cases of `cluster and colony forming' achieved complete remission. So, there was significa nt difference in remission rate in the different growth types. These results suggest that granulopoiesis in AML patients is impaired and the pattern of in vitro CFU-L(colony forming unit-leukemia) formation has prognostic significance.

그레이브스병에서 방사성 요오드 치료에 따른 갑상선 자극 호르몬 수용체 결합억제 면역글로불린(Thyrotropin Binding Inhibitory Immunoglobulin, TBII)의 변화

조영석,권기현,이준철,나소영,이효진,홍우정,이유선,김군순,송민호,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Prediction of thrapeutic response to radioiodine in Graves' disease is poorly understood. Although thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin(TBII) level is a strong index for relapse after antithyroid drug medication, conflicting results are reported regarding its prognostic significance in Graves' disease treated with RAI. This study is dengned to evaluate possible relationship between post-treatment hypothyroidism and TBII in Graves' disease treated with RAI. Fourty two patient with Graves' disease after radioiodine treatment were studied retrospectively. The subject were divided into hypothyroid group and euthyroid or hyperthyroid group. We evaluated the association of hypothyroidism and TBII with radioiodine treatment dose. The mean age of hypothyroid group was 48±11 years and euthyroid or hyperthyroid group was 47±12 years. There was no difference in two groups. And there was no significant difference in post- treatment TBII between two groups(49.9±28.5%, 29.9±14.3%, p-value >0.05). The treatment-dose had no influence on post-treatment thyroid state. Euthyroid or hyperthyroid group was done with 13.6±6.9mCi and hypothyroid group was 17.0±10.4mCi(p-value > 0.05). TBII had no prognostic significance on long-term hypothyrodism in Graves' disease treated with radioiodine. And, treatment-dose had no influence on post-treatment thyroid state.

急性骨髓性 白血症에서의 試驗管內 集落細胞 形成에 관한 연구

고석만,조덕연,박철신,강원권,김민범,김삼용,노흥규 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1991 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.1 No.1

To evaluate the in vitro granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in acute myeloblastic leukemia and the prognostic implications of these results, the author performed the in vitro agar culture of bone marrow cells in 10 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and 5 control subjects. Culture medium was composed of 20% fetal calf serum(FCS), 50% Iscove's medium, 0.3% agar, 10% colony stimulation factor (CSF), and 2×105 cells/ml. Human placental conditioned medium (HPCM) and phytohemagglutinin-leukocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) were used as colony stimulating factor. Colony counting was done on 7th day of culture. Colony was defined as containg 20 or more cells, and cluster was defined as containing 3 - 19 cells. The results were as followings, 1. In control subjects, the number of clusters formed was 3-47/2×10^(5) cells (20±19)and that of colonies was 5-24/2×10^(5) cells (14±9) when stimulated with HPCM. When stimulated with PHA-LCM, the number of clusters formed 5-39/2×10^(5) cells(18±16) and that of colonies was 6-13/2×10^(5) cells (9±3). 2. In AML patients, 3 groups were recognized according to pattern of colony formation : 1) non-forming 2) cluster forming 3) both cluster and colony forming. Of 10 cases, 5 cases were 'non-forming', 2 cases were 'cluster forming'; and 3cases wer cluster and 'colony forming'; 3. All 5 cases 'non-forming' cases, one of 2 cases of 'cluster forming'; and none of 3 cases of 'cluster and colony forming' achieved complete remission. So, there was significant difference in remission rate in the different growth types. These results suggest that granulopoiesis in AML patients is impaired and the pattern of in vitro CFU-L(colony forming unit-leukemia) formation has prognostic significance.

急性骨髓性 白血病에서의 試驗管內 集落細胞 形成에 관한 연구

고석만,조덕연,박철산,강원권,김민범,김삼용,노홍규 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1991 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.1991 No.-

하부팽창형 임프란트의 유한요소 분석 및 골형성에 대한 연구

한석환,김영규,민경기,조완석,권종진 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.3

The aim of this study was to evaluate by finite element analysis influence of investigated expanding implant on stress distribution and to observe biocompatibility, bone formation feature and change in the bone contact area around the explanding implant through experimental animal study. FEA models of the mandible were constructed based on three-dimensional graphic data of the bone structure around an osseointegrated implant, analysis of stress distribution followed by 100N vertical, 50N horizontal was done. And in the animal study, expanding implant were placed in the mandibles of eight Korean mongrel dogs and analyzed the results with histomorphometric measurements. In finite element analysis, compressive stresses are produced at the bone tissue surrounding the implant, and the contact area between the implant and the bone tissue is increased, which result in increased resistance to horizontal and vertical pressure loads. In the histomorphometric analysis, the measured ratio of the contact surface and bon density between implant and bone was similar to those of the controlled group from 6 weeks. It is thought that increased horizontal and vertical resistance is a great help to the immediate loading on expanding implant and that there needs standardizing quantitative measurement of implant stability and osseointegration to determine whether or not to use the functional loading and to reduce the total treatment period reliably by placing functional loading on each implant based on both bone quality and implant stability.

교육사회학의 연구 동향 분석

김경식,권민석,김병규,박형진,송승면,황정희 경북대학교 사범대학부속 중등교육연구소 2005 중등교육연구 Vol.53 No.3

한국, 일본, 미국, 영국의 교육사회학 학술지 논문을 주제별 내용분석을 통해 각각의 하위개념을 도출하고 개념의 유사성의 정도에 따라 다시 상위개념으로 분류하여 교육사회학의 주요 연구영역을 탐색하였다. 학술지에서 가장 많이 다루어진 영역은 교육과 평등/지위획득, 교육정책과 제도, 교육사회학의 성격/이론, 학교사회와 학업성취, 페미니스트(여성), 청소년 문제와 문화, 교사교육/교직사회, 공교육의 문제/교육개혁 등의 순으로 나타났다. 특히 교육정책과 제도 문제는 한국과 일본에서, 교육사회학의 발달과 정체성 문제는 영국에서, 학업성취 관련 내용은 미국에서 가장 많이 다루어졌다. The purpose of this study was to explore the research trend in sociology of education. To conduct the purpose of this study, the Korean Journal of Sociology of Education(KJSE), the Journal of Educational Sociology(JES), Sociology of Education(SOE), and Bitish Journal of Sociology of Education(BJSE)'s articles were analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows: First, though the major categories(major domains) of research areas were a few differences among nations, they were education & equality, educational policy, sociology of education theory, school society & academic achievement, feminism, adolescent problem & culture, teacher education, school crisis & education reform, course education, sociology of curriculum, and etc. Second, the most frequent research area was the educational policy & system problems in Korea and Japan; the development and identity of sociology of education in Britain; The school society & academic achievement in U.S.A.

Effect of tetravalent ions dopants and CoO<i> _x </i> surface modification on hematite nanorod array for photoelectrochemical degradation of Orange-II dye

Meshram, Nagsen,Mahadik, Mahadeo A.,Jeong, In-Kwon,Seo, Young Seok,Cho, Min,Jang, Jum Suk ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V.; AMSTERDAM 2019 JOURNAL- TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Vol.97 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The surface modified tetravalent ions doped hematite nanorod photoanodes has been synthesized by successive hydrothermal and spin coating approaches. The effect of tetravalent ion (Sn, Ti, and Zr) doping and high temperature annealing on to the morphological, structural and photoelectrochemical properties has been investigated. Photoelectrochemical analyses indicate tetravalent doping (Sn, Ti, and Zr) and high-temperature annealing (800 °C) showed higher photocurrent and improved activity towards Orange-II dye degradation, compared to the pristine hematite film. Amongst tetravalent dopants, Zr<SUP>4+</SUP> doped hematite can significantly enhance the photocurrent density (1.37 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at 1.23 V <I>vs.</I> RHE) as well as the Orange-II dye degradation activity (93% under one sun illumination in 270 min). Kinetic parameters are also investigated by first-order rate equation. Further, Zr–Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> photoanode modified with the appropriate composition of CoO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I> and specific structural features demonstrated improvement in photocurrent from 1.6 to 1.78 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> (at 1.4 V <I>vs.</I> RHE). The efficient charge carrier separation and generated hydroxyl radicals led to enhancements of the Orange-II dye degradation efficiency up to 97% within 270 min. The significant decrease in chemical oxygen demand values suggests the removal of Orange-II dye. This work demonstrates that enhancement in photoelectrochemical activity is due to the combined effect of passivation of surface states and the formation of CoO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I>/Zr–Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> heterojunction.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Tetravalent ion doped Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> photoanodes were fabricated using hydrothermal method. </LI> <LI> Zr–Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> exhibits improved <I>J</I> <SUB>ph</SUB> = 1.37 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> than (Sn and Ti) doped samples. </LI> <LI> CoO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I> modification exhibits highest <I>j</I> <SUB>ph</SUB> = 1.78 mA cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 97% degradation efficiency. </LI> <LI> Possible charge transfer mechanism during dye degradation is proposed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>