Combining Timber Production and Wood Processing for Increasing Forestry Income: A Case Study of 6th Industrialization in Korean Forestry

Won, Hyun Kyu,Jeon, Hyon Sun,Han, Hee,Lee, Seung Jung,Jung, Byung Heon Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.4

This study was aimed to analyze the increased forestry incomes by combining timber production and wood processing, which is one of 6th industrialization types in Korean forestry. The selected household has been engaged in forestry for two generations and they produce timber and associated wood products in their own facility. The wood products include dimension lumber, interior wood material, cutting board, and cube chips, the household also utilize logging and sawmill residues as well as seed and seedlings as by-products. Incomes and expenses that have been incurred on individual processes of the sequential timber production and wood processing were surveyed, and we analyzed the economic outcomes of entire business. The results of this study indicate that the gross income of the household is 122.3 million Korean won and the net income is 93.6 million Korean won. The net income of the household is approximately 2.8 times higher than the average net income of whole households in the forestry of Korea in 2016, which is approximately 4.3 times higher than that of households that have been particularly engaged in timber production over the country. We found that the 6th industrialization by combining the two sequential processes creates approximately 3.2 times as much added value compared to the case relying on timber production only.

하수처리장 적용을 위한Semi-카플란 수차가 장착된 마이크로수력발전 시스템

채규정(Kyu Jung Chae),김동수(Dong Soo Kim),천경호(Kyung Ho Cheon),김원경(Won Kyoung Kim),김정연(Jung Yeon Kim),이철형(Chul Hyung Lee),박완순(Wan Soon Park) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.5

소수력발전은 하수처리장 에너지 자립을 위한 효과적인 대안이다. 본 연구는 유량변동이 크고 유효낙차가 낮은 중소형하수처리장(기흥레스피아) 적용을 위해 피치조절형 세미카플란(semi-kaplan) 마이크로수력발전의 적용 타당성을 평가하였다. 가변피치 semi-kaplan 수차는 유량조절을 위한 가이드베인은 생략하고 피치조절형 런너를 장착하여 기계적 결함은 줄이면서 유량변동이 큰 처리장에 특화된 기술이다. 마이크로수력발전 시스템은 설계조건(유량 0.35 m3/s, 유효낙차 4.7 m)에서 90.2%의 수차효율 달성이 가능하였고 발전용량은 13.4 kW로 산정되었다. 설비가동률 74%로 가동 시 연간 약 86.8 MWh 에너지 생산을 통해 2.1%의 에너지 자립이 가능하고 이는 연간 49톤의 CO₂ 감축효과와 맞먹는다. 경제성 평가결과 초기 건설공사비가 200,000,000원 이하인 경우에는 내부수익률은 6.1%, 순현가는 15,539,000원, 편익-비용률은 1.08, 투자회수년은 15.5년으로 경제성이 충분한 것으로 나타났다. Small scale hydropower is one of most attractive and cost-effective energy technologies for installation within sewage treatment plants. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of a semi-kaplan micro-hydropower (MHP) system for application to sewage treatment plants with high flow fluctuations and a low head. The semi-kaplan MHP is equipped with an adjustable runner blade, and is without a guide vane, so as to reduce the incidence of mechanical problems. A MHP rating 13.4 kWp with a semi-kaplan turbine has been considered for Kiheung Respia sewage treatment plant, and this installation is estimated to generate 86.8 MWh of electricity annually, which is enough to supply electricity to over 25 households, and equivalent to an annual reduction of 49 ton CO₂. The semi-kaplan turbine showed a 90.2% energy conversion efficiency at the design flow rate of 0.35 m3/s and net head of 4.7 m, and was adaptable to a wide range of flow fluctuations. Through the MHP operation, approximately 2.1% of total electricity demand of Kiheung Respia sewage treatment plant will be achievable. Based on financial analysis, an exploiting MHP is considered economically acceptable with an internal rate of return of 6.1%, net present value of 15,539,000 Korean Won, benefit- cost ratio of 1.08, and payback year of 15.5, respectively, if initial investment cost is 200,000,000 Korean Won.

흉선종 제거후에 발생한 재생 불량성 빈혈 : 증례보고

전원선,이상철,김현정,배상병,김찬규,이남수,박노진,이규택,박성규,홍대식,박희숙,원종호 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.2

Thymoma is associated with myasthenia gravis, Pure red cell aplasia, and autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. It's association with aplastic anemia is rare and aplastic anemia appearing after surgical removal of thymoma is especially rare. The authors hereby report a case of aplastic anemia occuring in a patient who was diagnosed with thymoma and myasthenia gravis and had the tumor surgically removed. The patient was treated with anti-thymocyte globulin, cyclosporin, and prednisolone, and showed partial remission with hematologic improvements after 12 months.

Combining Timber Production and Wood Processing for Increasing Forestry Income : A Case Study of 6th Industrialization in Korean Forestry

Hyun Kyu Won,Hyon Sun Jeon,Hee Han,Seung Jung Lee,Byung Heon Jung 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.4

This study was aimed to analyze the increased forestry incomes by combining timber production and wood processing, which is one of 6th industrialization types in Korean forestry. The selected household has been engaged in forestry for two generations and they produce timber and associated wood products in their own facility. The wood products include dimension lumber, interior wood material, cutting board, and cube chips, the household also utilize logging and sawmill residues as well as seed and seedlings as by-products. Incomes and expenses that have been incurred on individual processes of the sequential timber production and wood processing were surveyed, and we analyzed the economic outcomes of entire business. The results of this study indicate that the gross income of the household is 122.3 million Korean won and the net income is 93.6 million Korean won. The net income of the household is approximately 2.8 times higher than the average net income of whole households in the forestry of Korea in 2016, which is approximately 4.3 times higher than that of households that have been particularly engaged in timber production over the country. We found that the 6th industrialization by combining the two sequential processes creates approximately 3.2 times as much added value compared to the case relying on timber production only.

우리나라 노인여성의 골다공증성 척추골절로 인한 경제적 부담 추계

강혜영,강대룡,장영화,박성은,최원정,문성환,양규현,Kang, Hye-Young,Kang, Dae-Ryong,Jang, Young-Hwa,Park, Sung-Eun,Choi, Won-Jung,Moon, Seong-Hwan,Yang, Kyu-Hyun 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Objectives : To estimate the economic burden of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) from a societal perspective. Methods : From 2002 to 2004, we identified all National Health Insurance claims records for women ${\geq}50$ years old with a diagnosis of VF. The first 6-months was defined as a "clearance period," such that patients were considered as incident cases if their first claim of fracture was recorded after June 30, 2002. We only included patients with ${\geq}$ one claim of a diagnosis of, or prescription for, osteoporosis over 3 years. For each patient, we cumulated the claims amount for the first visit and for the follow-up treatments for 1 year. The hospital charge data from 4 hospitals were investigated to measure the proportion of the non-covered services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 patients from the 4 study sites to measure the out-of-pocket spending outside of hospitals. Results : During 2.5 years, 131,453 VF patients were identified. The patients had an average of 3.38 visits, 0.40 admissions and 6.36 inpatient days. The per capita cost was 1,909,690 Won: 71.5% for direct medical costs, 20.6% for direct non-medical costs and 7.9% for indirect costs. The per capita cost increased with increasing age: 1,848,078 Won for those aged 50-64, 2,084,846 Won for 65-74, 2,129,530 Won for 75-84and 2,121,492 Won for those above 84. Conclusions : Exploring the economic burden of osteoporotic VF is expected to motivate to adopt effective treatment options for osteoporosis in order to prevent the incidence of fracture and the consequent costs.

李朝後期의 在來金融機構와 그 實態

鄭原圭 釜山敎育大學 1973 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.9 No.1

In discussing the traditional banking system of Korea which had been existing until the time when the modern banking system started, the writer has divided the period concerned into two parts: the stage before the Port Opening Era in the Late Lee-Dynasty and the stage after it. The writer has already discussed Bo, Joe-jug, and Kae as the traditional banking system during the former stage in the paper titled "The Conditions of the Traditional Banking System in Korea". And in this study, the writer will discuss the actual status of Kaek-ju, Jeondang-po (the pawn shop), and the financing institutions prevailed in Kaesong area; which were kinds of banking institutions during the latter stage. Bo and Joe-jug had started in their original sense as the organizations aiming the relief of the poor and social welfare, but they were finally changed into the profiteering and exploiting organizations on account of the political and socail corruption, under such circumstances, Kae alone played its destined role as a common people's financing institution of mutual assistance. Kaek-ju; whose main business was a commission purchase and sale; was engaged in various side works such as transportation; ware house; hotel; and financial business of loaning, deposit, check issuing, etc. At the time of port opening, it was also in charge of the foreign trade. Seebyun, Kanbyun, Chege, etc., that were prevailing in Kaeseong area, were perfect financing institutions of special type. Jeondang-po, having been differentiated from the state of undifferentiation of commerce and finance, was specializing in finance. However, it emerged from the state of common people's financing system and was finally changed by Japanese into an institution of robbing Korean people of their land and property by a vicious means. So that in Korea; Kae and Kaekju, which had been doing the financing work, not as their main business, but as their side business; and Seebyun, Kanbyun, Chege, etc., that were popular financing systems in Kaeseong area; were playing the role of the common people's financing institution at the time when no banking system in modern sense was existing.

유전정보 보호에 관한 법적 고찰

정규원 한림대학교 법학연구소 2001 한림법학 FORUM Vol.10 No.-

Recent development of genetic technologies has gives rise to the concept of genetic privacy. Not only ethics but also law concerns about genetic informations and the use and abuse of them. Recent concerns about genetic informations includes several issues;Genetic privacy in the workplace and in the insurance, abortion, DNA data bank. The systematic collection of genetic information by the employers or the insurance companies can increase the abuse of genetic informations and man can be discriminated due to his genetic informations. And if the parents, their relatives or the insurance companies could be acquainted with the genetic information of fetus, abortion could be increased. DNA data bank-repositories of genetic information about individuals obtained from the analysis of DNA samples-can be useful for many purposes, like finding missed kids, arrest the criminals. But the management of DNA data bank by the government can give harms to individuals. If the government would use the genetic informations of individuals for the purpose of controlling the people, these behaviors can threaten people`s privacy and freedom. Legal regulation of the abuse of genetic informations can be designed in the various forms. But overuse of legal regulation for these issues can make many problems and I think we must distinguish legal arguments from ethical arguments. The benefits of genetic technologies must be promoted but the abuses of genetic informations and other side-effects of the genetic technologies must be regulated by the law. So legal regulation of these issues must aim to decrease undesirable results of the genetic technologies. And regulation of the genetic technologies by the criminal law might be allowable only when the other legal methods are not effective to control the side-effects of these technologies.

Method for Protection of Single‑Line‑Ground Fault of Distribution System with DG Using Distance Relay and Directional Relay

Jung‑Hun Lee,Min‑Su Park,Hong‑Seon Ahn,Kyung‑Won Park,Jun‑Seok Oh,Seung‑Gyu Jeon,Dong‑Kyu Kim,Jae‑Eon Kim 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.4

When large scales DG are connected to the distribution system of unidirectional power currents, bi-directional power currents are formed, making it impossible to use conventional overcurrent protection methods alone to detect and isolate fault sections for ground and short-circuit faults. To solve these problems, this study proposed the method of protection against single-line-ground fault of common neutral line multi-contact local power distribution system using distance relay and directional relay. The proposed protection method was applied to the common neutral multi-ground distribution system to validate the protection against single-line-ground fault through the PSCAD/EMTDC software package and efectively detect and isolate only the zone of single-line-ground fault without malfunctions.

HELP Model을 이용한 매립지 침출수 발생량 예측

정규호,서상원,황선진 경희대학교 환경연구소 2001 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

Estimation of landfill leachate generation is main issue that determain leachate collection system and scale of disposal system. Other reason is indirect estimation of damage of collection, drainage and disposal system for generation difference and control. The subject of this study is that Sudogwon landfill site #1 is landfill closure site. Actual leachate start 493 m^(3)/day at Jan. 1993 and maintain 5,000∼7,000 m^(3)/day after 1997. The other side estimation from HELP Model is 3,000∼6,000 m^(3)/day for same period. But concerned with condensation water and compression by increased layers, historical actual leachate geneation and estimation from HELP Model are similar.

韓國 在來金融機構의 諸樣狀(上)

鄭原圭 釜山敎育大學 1972 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.8 No.1

It was in 1878 that the bank system as a modern financial organ was first introdueed in Korea that is, the first bank in Korea was started when the Japanese National First Bank opened its branch in Pusan in 1878. Any form of bank didn't exist before. However, there had operated some kinds of financial organs such as Bo, Joe-Jug and Kae including factor or pawnshop, which dealt with spot trading and money lending. These organs didn't aim at financing when they were established but they incidentally functioned as a financing organ. Bo was founded on the fields and spot goods contributed to Buddhist temples. The temples loaned their possessions by means of Bo, and by the interests occurring from such a loan they could relieve the poor, promote the public welfare, and observe various kinds of Buddhist services. But it was degenerated into usury and eventually exploited the farmers and the public in general in the reign of Korea Dynasty when The Buddhism was so powerful and sophiscated that the temples were occupied in the business transactions. The objects of Joe-jug was principally to relieve the poor by loaning provisions to the exhausted farmers in spring-time and collecting them in harvest, but it was afterwards degenerated into an exploiting agancy like Bo due to the corruption of government officials. On the ofher hands, Kae was different from the others in originating from the necessities of the people themselves. The people oppressed by the government officials and the nobility was obliged to organize an association for the purpose of mutual assistance. The members of Kae were supposed to contribute a certain amount of cash and other possessions to help one another when necessary. Kae helped to liberate the people in general from susry as a popular financial organ. I'd like to touch on the factor and the relevant organs next time, but there can be no doubt that the above-mentioned organs played the same part as the bank as there had been no banks at that time, though they checked the modernization and capitalistic system of Korea.