측정오차와 외란을 고려한 유도전동기의 강인한 속도제어에 관한 연구

蔡英茂,尹炳道,金燦起,鄭憲主 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1995 産業科學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

It is difficult to control industrial drive systems because of load disturbance, parameter variation and measurement noise. So a theorem is required to have robustness for the measurement noise and disturbance. This paper is among the researches of solving these problems. Sliding mode state observer is robust for measurement noise, modeling-error and load disturbance. The pole of sliding mode state observer can be placed at (0,0) in Z-plane for fast response. This method is, namely, deadbeat control. One side, sliding mode state observer output is discontinuous on a switching hyperplance, that causes harmful effects such as current harmonics and speed oscillation. In this paper, also the reducing method of the chattering of sliding mode state observer output is proposed. In this paper, the method of designing a robust sliding mode state observer taking account of the ability of disturbance and noise attenuation is proposed. Also, the proposed control system is digitally implemented with TMS320C31.

관상동맥질환의 중증도와 혈중지질치 및 아포지단백과의 상관관계

임현주,황종현,류재근,정병천,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.1

목적 : 관상동맥질환의 위험인자로서 혈청지질 및 혈장 지단백에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있고 또 아포지단백이 관상동맥 질환을 일으키는데 다른 지질보다 더 중요하다는 연구가 많이 발표되고 있으나 우리나라에서는 아포지단백에 대한 연구가 그리 많지 않은 편이다. 이에 저자등은 혈중지질치와 새로운 위험인자로 알려지고 있는 아포지단백치를 측정하고 이들과 관상동맥질환 중증도와의 상관 관계를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 관상동맥질환이 의심되어 관상동맥조영술을 실시한 69명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 12시간 이상 공복후 혈청을 채취하여 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL-콜레스테롤, 아포지단백 AI (ape AI), 아포지단백 B (ape B)를 측정하였다. 관상동맥조영상 50%이상의 협착이 있는 혈관의 수 (lesion number), 최대협착을 합한 값 (lesion score), 각 분절의 최대협착을 합한 값 (total score), 가장 심한 협착 값 (peak stenosis) 등으로 관상동맥 중증도를 알아본 다음 이들과 혈청지질치, 아포지단백과의 상관 관계를 비교해 보았다. 상관 관계는 Spearman's correlation coefficient를 구하였다. 결과 : 관상동맥질환의 중증도와 각 지질치 간의 상관 관계를 비교해 보았을때 lesion number와 관계있는 것은 연령 (r=0.2789), 중성지방치 (r=0.2829)이며 lesion score와 관계있는 것은 연령(r=0.2911), 중성지방치0 (r=0.3316), 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비 (r=0.2361), apo B 치(r=0.2759), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (-0.3154)로 나타났다. Total score는 연령 (r=0.3100), 총콜레스테롤치 (r=0.2452), 중성지방치 (r=0.3022), 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비 (r=0.2770), apo B치 (r=0.2927), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3408)와 연관이 있었고 peak stenosis는 중성지방 치(r=0.3305), ape B 치 (r=0.2968), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3977)와 관계가 있었다. 연령으로 조정하여 partial correlation을 좌면, 관상동맥조영술상 중증도는 중성지방치 (r=0.3408), apo B 치(r=0.2877), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3460)와 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다. 이중 ape AI과 ape B의 비는 lesion score (r=-0.2640), total score (r=-0.3057), peak stenosis (r=-0.3460)와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 보아 apo B치 그리고 apo AI과 apo B의 비가 관상동맥 중증도의 예견인자로 다른 혈중 지질 치보다 더 유용하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : Recently, it was reported that the measurements of apolipoprotein levels may be valuable in the clinical assessment of coronary artery disease severity. However there are a few reports regarding to the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and apolipoprotein levels in Korea. Thus, we measured serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels and studied the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and serum lipids and apolipoproteins levels. Subjects and Methods : The 69 patients who underwent coronary angiography to evaluate chest pain were subjected to this study. We measured the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI(apo AI) and apolipoprotein B(Apo B) and measured the severity of coronary artery disease by lesion number, lesion score, total score and peak stenosis. Then, we studied the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and apolipoproteins and calculated the correlation coefficient. Results : The results were as follows. There are significant correlation(r=0.3) between age, triglycerides, apo B levels, apo AI/B ratio and coronary artery disease severity. In controlling for age, tyiglycerides, apo B levels and apo AI/B ratio shows significant correlation(r=0.3) with coronary artery disease severity. Especially, apo AI/B ratio shows significant correlation(r=0.3) with lesion number, total score and peak stenosis. Conclusion : These results suggest that the apo B levels and the ratio of apo AI/B can be used as significant independent predictor for coronary artery disease severity rather than other serum lipid levels.

국내 주요호수의 육수학적 조사 (1) : 옥정호

김범철,박주현,이병진,허우명,황길순,최광순,채기숙 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

The limnological survey of Lake Okjong was conducted for one year from June 1993 to May 1994 on the monthly basis. The loading of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic carbon from the watershed into the lake were monitored at the main in flowing sites. Secchi disc transparency , epilimnetic chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus concentration and primary production were in the range of 1.3~4.H m, 2.4~ 18.7 mg Chl/m³. 1.25~2.87 mg N/l, 7~65 mg P/m³, 325~2,113 mg C/m²/day, respectively. TN/Tl atomic ratio varled from 129 to 443. N/P ratio decreased in summer because phosphorus concentration was higher than in winter, while nitrogen did not vary much. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton was distinct. In winter and spring, diatoms, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima and Aulacoseira italica were dominant while cyanobacteria, Microcystis sp.,M. ichthyovlabe, Phormidium sp. and P.valderianum var. tenuis were dominant in warm seasons. The dominant zooplankton species were Thertmocyclops taihokuensis in warm seasons while Boosmina longirostris were dominant in cold seasons. The organic carbon, nirtogen and phosphorus content of lake sediment were 8.0~14.8, 0.59~0.71, 1.14~1.87 ng N/g, respectively. The sediment of Lake Okjong can be classified as oligohumic based on C/N ratio. The total phosphorus loading from the watershed and fishfarm were estimated to be 2.7g P/m²/yr, which far exceeded the critical loading for eutrophication. The organic carbon loading from the watershed and primary production were determined to be 998t C/yr, 6,348t C/yr, respectively. Most of organic carbon was contributed by autochthonous primary production of phytoplankton. Trophic state of Lake Okjong can be classified as eutrophic

Original Articles : Macular Gradient Measurement in Myopic Posterior Staphyloma Using Optical Coherence Tomography

( Ju Byung Chae ),( Byung Gil Moon ),( Sung Jae Yang ),( Joo Yong Lee ),( Young Hee Yoon ),( June Gone Kim ) 대한안과학회 2011 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.25 No.4

Purpose: To evaluate clinical characteristics and the macular gradient in myopic posterior staphyloma with time domain (TD) optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: Sixty-four staphyloma eyes of 40 patients were examined. Macular gradient (tangent θ) and the location of staphyloma were assessed with OCT imaging. The macular gradient was measured at points 1 mm and 2 mm distant from the fovea. The relationships of the macular gradient with age, axial length, and spherical equivalent were analyzed. Results: In 8 eyes (12.5%), the bottoms of the staphylomas were in the fovea, and there was no macular gradient. However, in the other 56 eyes (87.5%), the bottoms of the staphylomas were not in the foveal area, and macular gradients existed. Staphylomas were commonly located in the infero-nasal retinal area. The mean macular gradient (tangent θ) was 0.26 ± 0.08 at 1 mm distance from the fovea and 0.28 ± 0.10 at 2 mm. No significant relationships were observed between macular gradient and axial length, patient age, or spherical equivalent. Conclusions: TD OCT reveals staphyloma location. If the location is outside of the fovea, a macular gradient exists and can be measured by OCT. Axial length measurement error may occur in eyes with poor visual fixation and steep macular gradients.

Time-Lag between Subretinal Fluid and Pigment Epithelial Detachment Reduction after Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Treatment

Chae, Ju Byung,Lee, Joo Yong,Yang, Sung Jae,Kim, June-Gone,Yoon, Young Hee The Korean Ophthalmological Society 2011 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.25 No.2

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>The goal of the present research was to study post-treatment changes in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) shown by optical coherence tomography (OCT).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The study included 12 patients with naive PCV. Photodynamic therapy and 3 consecutive intravitreal bevacizumab injections at 6-week intervals were given. Best corrected visual acuity, subretinal fluid (SRF), pigment epithelium detachment (PED), central macular thickness (CMT), and total macular volume (TMV) were measured before and after treatment as assessed by Stratus OCT3.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>After treatment, the SRF height decreased earlier than the PED height. The SRF diameter decreased with statistical significance. However, the PED diameter did not show a statistically significant improvement, persisting at pre-treatment levels. Both CMT and TMV decreased significantly after treatment.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>After PCV treatment, SRF and PED stabilized, as shown by OCT. However, the PED treatment response was both delayed and refractory compared to the SRF response. The small change in post-treatment PED diameter may suggest the possibility of PCV recurrence.</P>

Original Article : Time-Lag between Subretinal Fluid and Pigment Epithelial Detachment Reduction after Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Treatment

( Ju Byung Chae ),( Joo Yong Lee ),( Sung Jae Yang ),( June Gone Kim ),( Young Hee Yoon ) 대한안과학회 2011 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.25 No.2

Purpose: The goal of the present research was to study post-treatment changes in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) shown by optical coherence tomography OCT).Methods: The study included 12 patients with naive PCV. Photodynamic therapy and 3 consecutive intravitreal bevacizumab injections at 6-week intervals were given. Best corrected visual acuity, subretinal fluid (SRF), pigment epithelium detachment (PED), central macular thickness (CMT), and total macular volume (TMV) were measured before and after treatment as assessed by Stratus OCT3. Results: After treatment, the SRF height decreased earlier than the PED height. The SRF diameter decreased with statistical ignificance. However, the PED diameter did not show a statistically significant improvement, persisting at pre-treatment levels. Both CMT and TMV decreased significantly after treatment. Conclusions: After PCV treatment, SRF and PED stabilized, as shown by OCT. However, the PED treatment response was both delayed and refractory compared to the SRF response. The small change in post-treatment PED diameter may suggest the possibility of PCV recurrence.

Effects of aroclor 1254 on the expression of the KAP3 gene and reproductive function in rats

Lee, Chae Kwan,Kang, Han Seung,Kim, Ju Ran,Lee, Byung Ju,Lee, Jong Tae,Kim, Jeong Ho,Kim, Dae Hwan,Lee, Chang Hee,Ahn, Jin Hong,Lee, Chae Un,Yu, Seong Jin,Kang, Sung Goo CSIRO Publishing 2007 Reproduction, fertility, and development Vol.19 No.4

<P> The present study investigated the effects of aroclor 1254 (A1254) on the expression of the kinesin superfamily associated protein 3 (KAP3) gene in F1 rat brain during brain sexual differentiation and puberty. In addition, the effects of A1254 on reproductive function were examined. The KAP3 gene is involved in the neurogenesis and synaptogenesis of sexual differentiation in rats and also during puberty. In the present study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats each received a daily dose of A1254 (0, 10, 50 mg kg-1) dissolved in 1.0 mL corn oil by gavage, from gestational Day (GD) 8 to postnatal Day (PD) 21. The mRNA levels of the KAP3 gene in hypothalamic tissues were analysed by northern blot hybridisation during the critical periods of brain sexual differentiation (GD18 and PD5) and puberty (PD28). Variables affecting reproduction in F1 female rats, such as vaginal opening (VO), vaginal oestrus (VE) and oestrous cyclicity, were recorded. Depending on the sex and A1254 exposure (control or 50 mg kg-1 day-1), F1 rats were divided into three mating groups, namely control male-control female, control male-A1254-treated female and A1254-treated male-control female. During the critical periods of brain sexual differentiation (GD18, PD5) and puberty (PD28), KAP3 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in A1254-treated fetal and pubertal rat brains relative to those of control groups. In A1254-treated F1 female rats, VO and VE were delayed, the percentage of irregular oestrous cycles was increased and the duration of the oestrous cycle was extended in a dose-dependent manner compared with control groups. Treatment with a high dose of A1254 significantly impaired the reproductive function of both male and female F1 rats, including mating and pregnancy indices and the number of live fetuses. These data suggest that A1254 disrupts transcriptional regulation of the KAP3 gene in fetal and pubertal rat brains and that these effects may be related to A1254-induced abnormal brain sexual differentiation and lowered reproductive function in F1 rats. </P>

A Randomized Feasibility Study of ¹⁸F-Fluoroestradiol PET to Predict Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Estrogen Receptor–Rich Postmenopausal Breast Cancer

Chae, Sun Young,Kim, Sung-Bae,Ahn, Sei Hyun,Kim, Hye Ok,Yoon, Dok Hyun,Ahn, Jin-Hee,Jung, Kyung Hae,Han, Sangwon,Oh, Seung Jun,Lee, Sang Ju,Kim, Hee Jeong,Son, Byung Ho,Gong, Gyungyub,Lee, Hyo Sang,Mo Society of Nuclear Medicine 2017 The Journal of nuclear medicine Vol.58 No.4

<P>The aim of this study was to explore the ability of F-18-fluoroestradiol (F-18-FES) PET/CT imaging to predict pathologic response to neo-adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER)-rich breast cancer. Methods: This was a prospective, single center study conducted as a substudy of the neoadjuvant study of chemotherapy versus endocrine therapy in postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer (NEOCENT) trial. Patients with ER -rich breast cancer were randomized to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) or neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET). The baseline SUVmax of F-18-FES PET/CT was measured. The pathologic response was assessed by the Miller-Payne system as nonresponse (grades 1 and 2) and response (grades 3-5). Results: Twenty-six patients were enrolled, with pathologic response achieved in 25 (NC, 12; NET, 13). Two patients achieved pathologic complete response after NC, but the remaining 23 patients had residual disease after NC or NET. Eight of 12 patients responded to NC, and 4 of 13 to NET; the difference was marginally significant (P = 0.07). In the NC group, the 2 patients with F-18-FES-negative tumors and none of the 10 patients with F-18-FES-avid tumors achieved pathologic complete response (P = 0.02). No difference in the SUVmax between responders and nonresponders was observed in either group. However, 5 of 7 NC patients with a baseline SUVmax of less than 7.3 achieved pathologic response, whereas none of the 5 NET patients with an SUVmax of less than 7.3 were responders (P = 0.03). The SUVmax values of the NC group were negatively correlated with percentage reduction of tumor cellularity (r = -0.63, P = 0.03), whereas those of the NET group showed positive correlation (r = 0.62, P = 0.02). During the median follow-up of 74 mo (range, 44-85 mo), recurrence occurred in only 4 NET patients. In patients with an SUVmax of less than 7.3, recurrence occurred in none of the 8 NC patients and 2 of the 5 NET patients (P = 0.13). Conclusion: Postmenopausal women who are ER-positive, but F-18-FES-negative, may benefit from NC rather than NET. F-18-FES PET/CT has the potential to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with ER -rich breast cancer.</P>

Diagnostic accuracy and safety of 16α-[¹⁸F]fluoro-17β-oestradiol PET-CT for the assessment of oestrogen receptor status in recurrent or metastatic lesions in patients with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study

Chae, Sun Young,Ahn, Sei Hyun,Kim, Sung-Bae,Han, Sangwon,Lee, Suk Hyun,Oh, Seung Jun,Lee, Sang Ju,Kim, Hee Jeong,Ko, Beom Seok,Lee, Jong Won,Son, Byung Ho,Kim, Jisun,Ahn, Jin-Hee,Jung, Kyung Hae,Kim, Elsevier 2019 LANCET ONCOLOGY Vol.20 No.4

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>A biopsy of first recurrence or metastatic disease is recommended to re-evaluate oestrogen receptor status in patients with breast cancer and to select appropriate treatment. However, retesting for oestrogen receptor status with rebiopsy is not always feasible, depending on lesion location and the risk associated with biopsy, and in these cases clinicians continue to treat patients according to the oestrogen receptor status of the primary tumour. Consequently suboptimal therapy might be offered to these patients. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy and safety of 16α-[<SUP>18</SUP>F]fluoro-17β-oestradiol (<SUP>18</SUP>F-FES) PET-CT to assess oestrogen receptor status in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We did a prospective cohort study at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. Eligible patients had breast cancer, with first recurrence or metastatic disease at presentation, were 19 years or older, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2. The primary objective was to show the agreement between qualitative <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES PET-CT interpretation and the results of oestrogen receptor expression by immunohistochemical assay, a non-reference standard test. Whole-body <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES PET-CT imaging was done after intravenous injection of 111–222 MBq of <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES, with dosing primarily determined by radiation dosimetry analysis. <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES uptake above background intensity was interpreted as positive. Efficacy was assessed in all patients with histologically confirmed recurrent or metastatic breast cancer who received <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES and had PET-CT images available (intention-to-diagnose analysis), and safety was assessed in all patients who received <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01986569.</P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P>Between Nov 27, 2013, and Nov 10, 2016, 93 patients were enrolled. Of the 85 patients included in the efficacy analysis, 47 (55%) were oestrogen receptor-positive and 38 (45%) were oestrogen receptor-negative. Positive status percent agreement between the <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES PET-CT results and oestrogen receptor status by immunohistochemical assay was 76·6% (95% CI 62·0–87·7) and the negative status percent agreement was 100·0% (90·8–100·0). Patients who were oestrogen receptor-positive and had a positive <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES PET-CT result had a significantly higher progesterone receptor expression than those who were oestrogen receptor-positive and had a negative <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES PET-CT result (23 [68%] of 34 patients <I>vs</I> 0 of 11 patients; p<0·0001). The most common adverse event was procedural pain in nine (10%) of 90 patients injected with <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES. No adverse events were related to the study drug except injection site pain in one (1%) patient. No serious adverse events were recorded.</P> <P><B>Interpretation</B></P> <P>The high negative percent agreement between <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES PET-CT and oestrogen receptor status by immunohistochemical assay in this cohort suggests that positive <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES uptake by recurrent or metastatic oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer lesions could be an alternative to oestrogen receptor assays in this setting. Staging assessment should include <SUP>18</SUP>F-FES PET-CT when retesting oestrogen receptor status is not feasible.</P> <P><B>Funding</B></P> <P>Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Ministry of Health and Welfare, South Korea.</P>

Thematic Poster : TP-27 ; The Failure of High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy May Cause Delayed Intubation and Mortality

( Byung Ju Kang ),( Younsuck Koh ),( Chae Man Lim ),( Jin Won Huh ),( Myong Ja Han ),( Hyun Suk Seo ),( Sang Bum Hong ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2014 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.118 No.0

Background: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) provides a high flow of humidified and heated oxygen. The use of HFNC allows respiratory failure patients required mechanical ventilation a chance to delay intubation. We compared the hospital outcomes of critical ill patients with HFNC therapy, early failure or late failure. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of patients receiving HFNC therapy in a tertiary hospital between January 2013 and March 2014. We selected intubated patients for the failure of HFNC therapy and classified the patients into two groups depending on the timing of intubation, intubation before and after 48 hours. Results: A total of 615 patients receiving HFNC therapy were enrolled in our study. Among them, 175 patients clinically deteriorated despite HFNC therapy and finally received endotracheal intubation. Before 48 hours, 130 patients (74.3%) were intubated and after 48 hours, 45 patients (25.7%) were intubated. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between two groups except higher diabetes mellitus (33.85% vs. 15.56%, p=0.02) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score day 1 (9.81±3.82 vs. 8.07±3.85, p=0.009) in the patients with intubation before 48 hours. The patients with intubation before 48 hours had higher extubation (37.69% vs. 15.56%, p=0.006) and ventilator weaning rate (55.38% vs. 28.89%, p=0.002), lower ICU mortality (39.23% vs. 66.67%, p=0.001), and longer ventilator free days (8.58±10.06 vs. 3.62±7.48, p=0.011). Conclusions: In a patient with clinically deterioration during HFNC therapy, delayed failure may cause bad outcome and harmful.