Current Status of Industrial Waste Generation and Symbiosis Network in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea

( Jong-hun Park ),( In-gyung Jung ),( Jae-gun Seo ),( Sang-hyoun Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

This work aimed to analyze current status of by-products generation and industrial symbiosis network in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. Manufacturing sector of the province mainly consists of electronics, machinery, steel, metal-working industries. Gumi and Pohang have the 1st and 2nd largest worker population in the manufacturing sector. 21,950.7 ton/d of waste is generated from the industries in 2011, of which 82.2% is recycled. The industrial waste, which is not recycled, is mainly composed of sludge cake from domestic wastewater treatment plants, waste plastic, incinerator ash, and slag. Pohang is the largest generating city of both total and the non-recycled industrial waste in the province, and most of the waste is from Pohang steel industrial park. Symbiosis map in Pohang steel industrial park shows that most of the current material symbiosis in the industrial park is for waste refractories and slag.

Current Status of Industrial Waste Generation and Symbiosis Network in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea

Jong-Hun Park,In-Gyung Jung,Jae-Gun Seo,Sang-Hyoun Kim 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.05

This work aimed to analyze current status of by-products generation and industrial symbiosis network in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. Manufacturing sector of the province mainly consists of electronics, machinery, steel, metal-working industries. Gumi and Pohang have the 1st and 2nd largest worker population in the manufacturing sector. 21,950.7 ton/d of waste is generated from the industries in 2011, of which 82.2% is recycled. The industrial waste, which is not recycled, is mainly composed of sludge cake from domestic wastewater treatment plants, waste plastic, incinerator ash, and slag. Pohang is the largest generating city of both total and the non-recycled industrial waste in the province, and most of the waste is from Pohang steel industrial park. Symbiosis map in Pohang steel industrial park shows that most of the current material symbiosis in the industrial park is for waste refractories and slag.

김치유래 젖산균의 균체지방산 분석을 이용한 분류학적 연구

이정숙,정민철,김우식,이근철,김홍중,박찬선,이헌주,주윤정,이근종,안종석,박완,박용하,민태익 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.2

표준균주를 포함한 230여개의 김치유래 젖산균에 대한 균체지방산(FAMEs)을 분석하였다. FAMEs profiles는 Euclidian Distance 17.5에 의해 7개의 Major Cluster와 1개의 Single Cluster로 나뉘어졌다. 이중 A, B, C 및 Cluster는 Leuconostoc속으로 분석되어졌고, F는 Lactobacillus속으로 분석되어졌다. 그리고 E와 G cluster는 두개의 Genus가 혼재되어 나타났으며 보충적인 연구가 필요하다. 앞으로 김치유래 젖산균의 균체지방산 분석결과를 기반으로 한 데이타베이스에 95가지 탄소원을 이용하는 수치분류학적 접근방법 및 Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry 등의 화학적 분석 방법과 분자친화적 연구를 통한 종합적 분류정보 체계가 갖추어지면 젖산균의 신속, 정확한 동정 및 연구에 활발히 이용되어질 것이다. Two hundreds and thirty lactic acid bacteria, mostly isolated from Kimchi, including type strains were sued for analysis of cellular fatty acids. The 230 test strains were recoverd in 7 major and 1 single clusters defined a Euclidian distance of 17.5. These aggregate taxa were equivalent to the genus Leuconostoc (aggregate group A, B, C and D), and the genera Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus (aggregate group G). It is concluded as evident that FAMEs (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) profile of cell can be used as a criterion in classification of lactic acid bacterial from kimchi. Additional comparative taxonomic studies need to be carried out on well chosen representative strains to determine the most appropriate methods of value.

전기장 인가에 따른 DNA 신장에 관한 AFM 연구

박진영,한성웅,손세영,송성훈,김종민,Ohtani, Toshio,Muramatsu, Hiroshi,장상목 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.1

본 연구에서는 마이카 표면상에서 전기장에 의한 극히 낮은 농도의 DNA 신장에 대한 효율적인 방법론을 제시하였다. 전기장에 의한 DNA 신장을 AFM형상으로 분석한 결과, DNA 농도범위가 약 57×10 exp(-3)ng/mL-57×10 exp(-6)ng/mL일 때 매우 잘 적용되며, 신장된 DNA는 두 전극 중앙에 존재하였다. 또한, 일반 마이카, Mg^2+ 처리된 마이카, 그리고 AP-마이카 표면들에 대한 신장 효율의 차를 기술하였다. 동일한 실험조건 하에서 AP-마이카의 표면이 가장 좋은 효율의 DNA 신장 결과를 나타내었다. An effective method of DNA stretching using electric field on mica surface was proposed for extremely low solution concentration of DNA. DNA stretching based on electric field was observed by AFM and well applied on the concentration range from 57×10 exp(-3)ng/mL to 57×10 exp(-6)ng/mL. Stretched DNA existed in the middle of two electrodes. The difference in stretching efficiency for the different surfaces of bare mica, Mg^2+ soaked mica and AP-mica was discussed. The best performance of stretching was found from the surface of AP-mica under the same experimental condition.

영국 테니스의 기원과 발달과정

박종진, 황석훈 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 2014 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

Tennis has been developed in this way. There were many progresses even in our country. However, it is difficult now to find the accurate understanding about the origin or history. Examining the currently prior researches on tennis, the mainstream is being formed by those that were discussed from the psychological, sociological, and physiological perspective. However, it is the real situation that the research materials with discussion about humanistic characteristic, or value and history are nearly nonexistent. In light of this real situation, there is a need of offering accurate data through a research on the origin and the developmental process in tennis. As a result of considering the origin and the developmental process in tennis, which is the objective of this study of having been devised by this necessity of research, the following conclusions were elicited. First, the origin of tennis is not definite. However, many scholars are having the origin as Jeu de Paume around the 12th~13th century. However, it is not what a ball game had not existed even in the former ancient times. Still, it is being accepted now as an established theory for a reason of having likely been begun from a game that the French army returned with taking it to the homeland during The Crusades and called it as Jeu de Paume. Real Tennis or Royal Tennis, which is the predecessor of lawn tennis, is recorded to have been begun from Henry Ⅶ, Ⅷ in England. It is said that Henry Ⅷ performed a game in the form of having been introduced and transformed by France at court. This was called real tennis, namely, royal tennis. Ultimately, tennis appeared as a game of the early royal family in Tudor age and was begun as a game of royal families and aristocrats. This aristocratic propensity in tennis can be considered to have led to modern society. Second, tennis was a sport of royal families and aristocrats up until the Industrial Revolution, but was developed due to a rise in the middle class and an increase in leisure time following the industrial revolution. People had leisure and social party with cricket, but thought it not to be proper for a lawn field of a garden at that time. Tennis was developed that can be performed on a lawn by the Major Wingfield in 1874. As this was popularized, a prelude of lawn tennis came to be notified. A game, which had been performed only indoors, came to be performed at the outdoor lawn court by him, thereby having come to take a main road of popularization. Third, the British cricket club was established in 1868. However, tennis came to be the center in the early days. However, owing to an extension in tennis court in 1876, the name was changed into ‘All-England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club’ in 1877 that was the following year. As about 100 lawn tennis clubs established the British Tennis Association in 1888, it was acknowledged to be the first official organization and became an opportunity available for supplying tennis, which was formalized in many countries of the world now. With examining the origin of tennis and the evolutional process as the image of modern tennis, it comes to be dubious, too, about which the modern tennis has been developed henceforth with responding to which socio-cultural element until the present age. In addition, even a research on what was the important background that tennis in aristocratic propensity came to be spread even to general people is considered to be likely necessarily clarified through follow-up research. The outcome of this study is expected to be likely able to contribute to closely examining humanistically the relationship between history and cultural issue in the world tennis even if being a little. Furthermore, it is considered to be likely able to be utilized as basic data available for promoting humanistic understanding of modern physical education and is thought to likely contribute even to straightening error of tennis history in the academic circles of physical education history.

국내에서 분리된 canine parvovirus의 구조유전자 cloning과 염기서열 분석

박종현,송재영,이중복,현방훈,안수환,전무형 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1993 생물공학연구지 Vol.3 No.-

In this study gene encoding structural proteins of a CPV isolate was cloned and saquenced to elucidate the molecular genetical properties of the canine parvoviruses isolated from the field. Six recombinant plasmids of pEP3, p1471, p2070, pEP069, pEP338 and p14711p were constructed from the map positions 22 to 98 of RF DNA to clone the VP1 and VP2 genes of CPV-V20. Sequentialy the gene comprising 3780 nucleotides were sequenced by dideoxy chain termination method. When nucleotide sequence of gene encoding the structural proteins of CPV-V20 was compared with those of other strains, CPV-N, CPV-d and CPV-780929 published previously. DNA homologies to CPV-V20 were 99.87% with CPV-NM, 99.73% with CPV-d, 96.85% with CPV-780929 AND 98.4% with FPLV-Carl, respectively. The DNA sequence data of CPV-V20 showed seven point mutations and also deletion of 135 nucleotides from the nucleotide position 4745 to 4879 located in the 3-noncoding region of CPV-N.

인지기능 장애 진단 도구의 치매 진단 예측

박종한,이종훈,최순옥 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2

60세 이상 노인들에서 CIDI가 치매와 비치매를 얼마나 잘 예측할 수 있는가를 알아보기 위해서 시행되었다. 방법: 어느 대학병원 정신과 환자들 중에서 DSM-IV상 치매 환자 86명과 60세 이상의 비치매 환자 129명이었다. 여러 변수들 중에서 교정 연령(실제 연령 -59), 교육 구간(무학,초등 교육, 중등교육, 고등교육), 그리고 CIDI 총점을 독립 변수로 하고, 치매 유무를 종속 변수로 하여 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 결과: -2 log likelihood는 상수만 포함된 경우에는 289.395이었고, 교정 연령, 교육 구간, CIDI 성적 등의 독립 변수가 포함되면 102.773이었다(χ²=186.622, df=3, p=0.000), 적합도 통계는 156.798(χ²=6.5843,df=8, p=0.5821)이었다. 전박적 분류 일치율은 90.2%이었다. 세 독립 변수들의 통계값을 이용하여 로지스틱 회귀 방적식 y=7.5752 + 0.0940 * X₁+0.9820 * X₂-0.1811 * X₃(y=ln[π/(1-π)], X₁ :교정 연령, X₂: 교육 구간 X₃: CIDI 총점, π : 치매일 확률, 0.50 이상이면 치매, 미만이면 비치매)을 만들 수 있었다. 진단 예측에 영향을 끼치는 변수들 즉, 교정 연령, 교육 구간, 그리고 CIDI 총점의 □(95% C.I)는 각각 1.0985(1.0107 - 1.1940), 2.6699(1.4134 - 5.0436), 0.8344(0.7898- 0.8815)이었다. 결론: 회기분석 결과 CDIA는 치매 진단의 예측에 매우 유용한 인지기능 평가 도구임이 확인되었다. Objective: This study aimed at investigating the diagnostic predictability of Cognitive Impairment Diagnosing Instrument(CIDI) in diagnosing dementia of elderly people aged 60 years or more. Method: The subjects were 129 patients with other mental diseases than dementia whose ages were more than 60 years and 86 patients with dementia. Psychiatric diagnoses were made by according to the DSM-IV criteria. Converted age(chronological age minus 59) was employed for the statistical reason. The length of education was classified into 4 intervals : 1 for less than one year schooling, 2 for grade schooling, 3 for junior or senior high schooling and 4 for college or more schooling and each number espresses ordinal scale. The converted age, length of education expressed by one of 4 interval scores, and total CIDI score were independent variables while the diagnosis(dementia vs nondementia) was dependent variable in the logistic regression analysis. Results: -2 log likelihood was 102.773 when the lenght of education, converted age and total CIDI score were included while it was 289.395 when only the constant was included(χ²= 186.622, df=3, p=0.000). The goodness-of-fit statistic was 156.798(χ²=6.5843, df=8, p=0.5821), and the overall conocordance of diagnostic classification was 90.2%. The logistic regression equation for the diagnosis of dementia was generated as follows : y=7.5752 + 0.0940 * X₁+0.9820*X₂-0.1811*X₃(y=1n[π/(1-π)], X₁ : converted age, X₂: education intervals, X₃:total CIDI score, π : possibility of dementia, ≥0.50 indicating dementia and < 0.50 ndicating nondementia). The ebs(95% C.I.) for the converted age, education interval and total CIDI score were 1.0985(1.0107 - 1.1940), 2.6699(1.4134 - 5.0436), 0.8344(0.7898 - 0.8815), respectively. Conclusions: The CIDI could be considered as a useful diagnostic tool for dementia using the logistic regression analysis.

1축 연신된 선형 저밀도 Polyethylene의 전기전도 특성

박재훈,이종규,김영전 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1987 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.14 No.1

The measurements of electrical conduction had been investigated as a function of time, applied electric field, and temperature to investigate the elongated effects of the Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLD-PE) films. The samples were drawn uniaxially at room temperature, and the rate of drawing was 13mm/mm. Films were fixed to metallic frames after elongation to maintain tension. As a result of elongation the rate of conduction decay current was increased and the electric conductivity and conduction activation energy were decreased. These results might be due to the generation of deep traps for electrons and the increase of trap sites by drawing. The decrease of activation energy was caused by the change of trap depth. These results might be due to as the changes of internal structure and morphology by the elongation of polymer.

벤처기업의 전략적 제휴에서 파트너특성, 제휴유형, 지배구조의 경영성과에 대한 효과

박종훈,윤채린 한국중소기업학회 2003 中小企業硏究 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 전략적 제휴를 수립하려는 벤처기업이 어떤 특성의 파트너기업을 선택하고 이들과 어떤 형태의 제휴와 어떤 방식으로 지배구조를 설계하는 것이 벤처기업의 성과 제고에 효과적인지를 분석하고자 한다. 이와 같은 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 코스닥에 상장된 78개의 벤처기업들이 추진한 153건의 전략적 제휴를 대상으로 실증분석하였다. 벤처기업들이 추진한 제휴를 분석한 결과 벤처기업이 상대적으로 더 큰 규모의 파트너와 전략적 제휴를 수립할수록 기업성과가 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 파트너의 상대적 규모가 가져오는 효과가 제휴의 유형에 따라 달라지는지를 고찰해본 결과 시장제휴와 기술제휴에 따라 그 효과에 있어서 유의한 차이가 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 제휴에 있어서 지분공유의 효과를 분석해 본 결과, 파트너의 상대적 규모가 가져오는 효과가 파트너의 지분공유가 낮을 때는 유의하게 나타났지만, 파트너의 지분공유가 높을 때는 그 효과가 약화되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 연구는 전략적 제휴에서 파트너기업과의 관계특성에 따른 기업성과에서의 효과가 모든 상황에서 동일하게 나타나는 것이 아니라 파트너의 특성을 고려하여 지배구조가 적절하게 설계될 때 나타난다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of partner characteristics, alliance type and alliance governance structure on the performance of venture firms entering strategic alliances. More specifically, this study hypothesizes relationships among relative partner size, alliance type, degree of equity sharing and venture firms' performance, and tests them based on a sample of 153 alliances formed by 78 Korean venture firms during the period of 1999-2001. It is found that the performance of venture firms tends to be greater when they formed alliances with larger firms. It is also found that the positive effects of relative partner size on firm performance are not significantly different between marketing alliances and technology alliances. However, the positive effect of relative parter size is found to be moderated by the degree of partners' equity sharing: that is, the positive effect decreases as the degree of partners' equity sharing increases. These results suggest that venture firms can enhance performance gains when they carefully combine partner characteristics, alliance type, and the governance structure of strategic alliance.

협상연구의 발전과 과제 : A Critical Review on its Developments and Challenges

박헌준,이종건 한국협상학회 2001 협상연구 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구는 지난 30여 년에 걸쳐 협상에 대한 연구가 어떻게 진행되어 왔는 지와 협상연구와 관련하여 나타나고 있는 최근의 주요 이슈들을 살펴본다. 지난 30년 동안 협상에 대한 연구는 정보화 및 세계화와 병행하여 괄목할 만한 성장을 보여왔다. 협상연구는 1960년대와 1970년대에 사회심리학 영역 내에서 활발한 분야였으며, 1980년대와 1990년대에는 의사결정자로서의 협상자에 대한 연구가 폭발적으로 이루어졌다. 1990년대 말에는 협상의 행위적 의사결정의 패러다임에 대한 명백한 비판과 더불어 다시 협상과정에 대한 사회학적 관점에 대한 요구가 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 인터넷 및 디지털 기술의 발달에 따른 정보화와 협상의 문제 그리고 세계화에 따른 문화간 협상의 문제 등이 깊이 있게 다뤄지고 있다. 우리나라는 1997년 말 이후 심각한 경제위기로 인한 국제통화기금의 관리체제에 직면하게 되면서외국 금융기관과의 외채협상을 필두로 대기업의 매각협상 등 국내외의 많은 협상과제를 안게 되었고, 앞으로 해결해야할 협상현안이 산적해 있다. 따라서, 급변하는 국내외 환경 속에서 경제발전을 지속시키고 나아가 국가경쟁력을 강화시키기 위해서는 정보화와 세계화에 걸맞는 협상능력의 제고가 절실하게 요구된다. This paper traces a short history of the study of negotiation for the past 30 years and reviews recent major issues with negotiations. The past 30 years have seen dramatic shifts in the study of negotiation in parallel with the development of Information Technology(IT) and globalization. The study of negotiation was an active field within the domain of social psychology in the 1960s and 1970s. The 1980s and 1990s have witnessed an explosion of research on the negotiator as decision maker. But the late 1990s brought many calls to reintroduce the social aspects of the negotiation process-with an explicit criticism of the behavioral decision paradigm of negotiation as overly restrictive. We explore emerging issues such as negotiation via technology and cross-cultural negotiation that resulted from the development of Internet and digital technology. Since Koreans have accepted the conditions of the bail-out from the IMF(International Monetary Fund), they have faced a lot of issues, such as foreign loans, big companies' M&A, and so on, to be solved through negotiation. To continue our economic growth and strengthen our international competitiveness, negotiators must know how to negotiate via technology but also understand the cross-cultural issues in negotiation.