차량의 자갈로 주행성능 예측을 위한 자갈의 이산요소모델

임동우 ( Dongu Im ),김지태 ( Ji-tae Kim ),한현우 ( Hyun-woo Han ),최혁진 ( Hyuek-jin Choi ),오재원 ( Jae-won Oh ),박영준 ( Young-jun Park ) 한국농업기계학회 2021 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.1

자갈로는 아스팔트 포장 도로에 비해 낮은 수준의 마찰 특성을 가진다고 보고되고 있다. 특히, 경사로에서 자갈은 구름 운동이 발생하게 되며 그에 따라 주행 중 슬립이 발생하게 된다. 이는 차량의 동력손실과 더불어 안정성(stability)에 악영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 차량의 자갈로 주행성능을 예측하기 위해 자갈의 이산요소모델을 개발하였다. 이산요소법(discrete element method)은 접촉 이론을 바탕으로 입자와 입자, 입자와 기계장치와의 접촉력을 계산하는 수치해석법이다. 실제와 유사한 입자의 역학적 특성을 시뮬레이션 모델에 반영하기 위해서는 입자의 형상, 밀도, 크기 등의 macro parameters와 Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, 마찰계수 등의 micro parameters를 정확하게 정의해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자갈의 밀도와 크기를 측정하였으며, 실제 자갈과 유사한 형상을 반영하기 위해 자갈의 sphericity를 측정하였다. 또한, 일축 압축 시험을 통해 자갈의 Young’s modulus와 Poisson’s ratio를 측정하였으며, 안식각(repose angle) 시험을 통해 자갈의 마찰계수를 도출하였다. 마지막으로 자갈의 이산요소모델을 검증하기 위해 단일 그라우저의 추진력 시험을 수행하였으며 시험 결과를 시뮬레이션 결과와 비교하였다.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

토양농화배양에 의한 페녹시 제초제 4-Chloro-2-Methylphenoxyacetic Acid의 생분해에 영향을 미치는 물리화학적 요인

임상원,김영진,오계헌 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The relationships between the phenoxyherbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid(MCPA) degradation by soil enrichment culture and several relevant physicochemical environmental parameters were examined. As concentrations of MCPA were increased, the degradation became inhibited. Biodegradation activity was higher at neutral pH or slightly acidic pH, but the activity was showed only partial degradation of MCPA at basic pH. The effect of inoculum size on the MCPA degradation was monitored. An increase in the inoculum reduced the lag period in the growth curve and accelerated the MCPA degradation. Increased concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus as supplemental nutrients were inhibitory to the degradation of MCPA, respectively. Addition of yeast extract accelerated MCPA degradation, whereas the supplemented glucose inhibited the degradation of MCPA.

인간발달에 대한 맥락적 접근의 교육학적 함의

임진영 淸州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2002 初等敎育硏究 Vol.12 No.-

외상 후 근관내로의 치조골 함입

임예진,김영진,김현정,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

영구치의 외상성 손상은 전체 외상 환자 중 높은 빈도로 발생하며 사고의 대부분은 치근이 미완성되어 있는 시기에 발생하 여 치수, 치주인대, 치조골, Hertwig 상피 근초(HERS)에 다양한 영향을 주게 된다. 손상 정도에 따라 치수의 완전한 재혈관 화, 근관 석회화, 근관내 치조골 함입 등의 다양한 치유 양상을 나타내며, 치근단의 성장 정지 및 치수 괴사로 인한 염증성 치 근 흡수 등의 합병증을 나타낼 수 있다. 본 증례에서는 미성숙 영구치 치근단을 가진 세 환아에서 외상에 의한 Hertwig 상피 근초의 손상으로 발치와 기저부에 존 재하는 치근막 세포와 골세포의 치수강내로의 증식으로 인해 치근 발육 정지 및 근관내로의 치조골 함입을 나타내어 보고하 고자 한다. 외상 후 Hertwig 상피 근초의 손상에 의한 근관내로의 치조골 함입 치유 양상은 치수는 정상적인 기능을 하는 것으로 생각 되며, 유착 등의 합병증이 동반되지 않는 경우 특별한 치료를 필요로 하지 않으므로 감별 진단이 요구되며, 외상 받은 치아의 치료시 Hertwig 상피 근초에 대한 부가적인 외상을 가하지 않도록 주의해야 한다. Traumatic injury on tooth occurs frequently among trauma patients, and mainly occurs on tooth with premature roots which influences pulp tissue, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath. According to the degree of trauma, a number of kinds of healing process can be observed, such as complete re-vascularization of pulp, root canal obliteration, growth suspension of root apex, and invasion of alveolar bone into root canal, and there can be some complications such as necrotic change of inflammatory root resorption and partial pulp necrosis due to pulp necrosis toward complete necrosis. In this clinical case, 3 patients who had traumatic injury showed root growth suspension and alveolar bone invasion into root canal due to proliferation of periodontal ligament cell and osteocyte at the base of extraction socket into pulp chamber because of the injury on Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath. If intrusion of alveolar bone into root canal due to injury on Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath after having traumatic injury doesn’t show any complication, the pulp may be considered to have normal vitality and doesn’t need any further treatment, therefore differential diagnosis is very necessary. However, it may be accompanied with suspension of root growth, therefore, additional trauma during the treatment of injured tooth should not be applied.

교사행동에 대한 교사와 아동의 지각차이에 관한 연구

임진영 淸州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2003 初等敎育硏究 Vol.13 No.-

유방암과 섬유선종의 방사선학적 소견 : 유방 단순촬영술과 유방 초음파검사 소견의 비교 연구 Studies on mammographic and ultrasonographic findings evaluation

임한혁,최득린,고은석,이혜경,임철완,이상진,홍현숙,최교창,김영화,박재성 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

Purpose : To evaluate the utility of mammography and ultrasonography in study of morphologic differential diagnosis between malignant and benign mass. Materials and Methods : Average age of patients with breast cancer was 48.4 year-old, and that of fibroadenoma was 29.4 year-old. The equipments used for examination were MF-159 high frequency mammography(Bennet Co.) and Acoustic image 5200S. We evaluated mammographic findings about breast parenchymal pattern, calcification, margin and size of the mass associated tumor nature, and ultrasonographic findings about shape, height and width, internal homogenicity and echo pattern, wall contour, boundary echo, and posterior shadow in breast mass. Thirty-seven of mammographic findings and 34 cases of ultrasonogreaphic findings in pathologically proven breast cancer and 34 case of mammographic findings and 71 cases of ultrasonographic findings in breast fibroadenoma were reviewed retrospectively. Results : In mammographic study, the parenchymal patterns of breast cancer according to Wolfe classification were NI(16.2%), PI(24.3%), P@(37.8%), and DY(21.6%) and those in fibroadenoma were NI(3.1%), Pl(11.7%), P2(35.2%),and DY(50%). Mammographic findings about presence of calcification were as follows; only calcification(16.2%), only mass(51.3%), and mass with calcification(32.5%) in breast cancer, and only mass(91.2%), mass with calcification(8.8%) in fibroadenoma. The features of mass margins were classified as ill-defined margin(45.9%), well-defined(5.4%), and well-defined with partial spiculation(48.6%) in breast cancer and ill-defined(20.5%), well-defined(73.5%), and well-defined with partial spiculation(5.8%) in fibroadenoma. The mass were grouped by size; 1-2cm(37.8%), 2-4cm(45.9%), and 4-6cm(16.3%) in breast cancer and 1-2cm(79.4%), 2-4cm(17.6%), and 4-6cm (3.0%) in fibroadenoma. On ultrasonographic study, the shape of masses in breast cancer were lobulated(82.3%),oval(14.7%), and round(3.0%),and those in fibroadenoma were lobulated(14.0%), oval(57.7%), and round(18.3%). The cases that the height was longer than width were 32.3% in breast cancer and 0% in fibroadenoma. The findings about homogenecity and echo patterns were as follows; hypoechoic(52.9%) and mixed(47.1%) in breast cancer and hypoechoic(2.8%), hypoechoic(63.4%), and mixed(33.8%) in fibroadenoma. The margin of masses were smooth in 85.9% of fibroadenoma, and irregular in 73.6% of breast cancer. The boundary echoes of masses and decreased posterior echo shadow were seen only in 61.8% and 55.9% of breast cancer, respectively. Conclusion: The margin and calcifications are more clearly delineated on mammography but breast cancer and fibroadenoma, both are more commonly developed in dense parenchymal pattern(P2+DY),and there findings are easily obscured in mammography. So ultrasoography is very useful in these masses evaluation, especially amoung young patients.

교사 행동 유형 분석

임진영 淸州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2004 初等敎育硏究 Vol.14 No.-

지구과학Ⅰ 교과서 어휘 등급 분석 : 살아있는 지구 단원을 중심으로

임영구,박혜진,이효녕,김태수,오희진 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2008 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.32 No.2

The purposes of this study were to analyze vocabularies used the section of ‘Living Earth’ in 11-grade Earth science textbooks with the Science Word Analysis (SWA) program and to investigate the vocabularies selected by the 11th grade students as difficult ones. For the purpose, we extracted the Earth science vocabularies from six textbooks, and classified into the scientific and non-scientific vocabularies with SWA program based on the standard Korean language dictionary. Also, we investigated the difficulty of each vocabulary by using questionnaire to three hundred sixty students. From the results analyzed with the program, it was found that the frequency of the scientific vocabularies out of the level was the largest any other level in all textbooks. And from the survey, most of the vocabularies selected by students as difficult to understand were classified into out of the level. From these results, it were suggested that the students’ cognitive level should be considered in developing science textbooks and difficult vocabularies should be replaced to easy ones within the limits of changeless in the meanings 이 연구의 목적은 11학년 지구과학 I 교과서의 ‘살아있는 지구’ 단원의 지구과학 어휘들을 SWA프로그램을 통해 분석하여 그 중 학생들이 어려워하는 어휘들을 알아보는데 있다. 연구 목적을 위해, 먼저 6종의 11학년 지구과학 I 교과서에서 지구과학 어휘들을 추출한 다음, 표준국어대사전을 기반으로 한 SWA 프로그램으로 과학 전문어와 비과학 전문어로 분류를 하였다. 분류된 과학 전문어와 비과학 전문어에 대해 360명의 11학년 학생들에게 이해하기 어려운 어휘를 선택하도록 하였다. 프로그램을 통해 어휘의 수를 분석한 결과, 교과서별로 다소 차이는 있지만, 등급 외의 과학 전문어 빈도가 모든 교과서에서 다른 등급에 비해 가장 높았다. 또한 학생들에게 설문한 결과, 어렵다고 하는 용어들의 대부분이 등급 외에 속해 있었다. 이 연구 결과를 통해, 교과서 집필 과정에서 학생들의 인지 수준을 고려해야 하며 어려운 용어는 과학적 의미의 변화가 없는 범위 내에서 쉬운 용어로 대체되어야 한다는 것을 제안하였다.

경찰행정환경변화에 따른 경찰서비스의 질적 개선방안

오을임,이재진,김영환 朝鮮大學校 社會科學硏究所 2003 社會科學硏究 Vol.23 No.1