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박진희,김영욱,장림종 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)
Program always has been the element of the architecture, which advent since 18C. And it has been changed simultaneously with architecture. In modernism, Functionalism of architecture handled program with rational and functional side. New translation about program appeared repulse of functionalism, which form and configuration of building was decided with its use. Which building included singular program, now includes diverse program. Program itself aspects not just with function but also with social sense. As a result form and configuration of space changes. This paper considers program change accompanied with social change and find out the relation between new programs and space configuration. Give quantitative method a trial, space syntax, to analyze physical space configurations. New York PRADA, designed by Rem Koolhaas, coexists with two programs commerce and culture. Prospect the relation between contemporary society and new program and find out what kind of relation to confirm contemporary social change of space configuration. This could develop comparative study of space configuration in same used modernism buildings. Also space analysis based on scientific theory will be a foundation in new space analysis.
프로그램 재해석에 따른 공간구조의 분석 : 렘 쿨하스의 뉴욕 프라다 매장을 중심으로 Focused on New York PRADA designed by Rem Koolhaas
박진희,김영욱,장림종 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.11
A Program always has been the element of architecture, which has advented since 18C. And it has been changed simultaneously with the alteration of architecture. In modern architecture, the functionalism handles with a program as rational and functional side of architecture. When a social change progresses and gets complex, a program of architecture also gets complex. A new interpretation about program appeared in response to the functionalism, in which the form and the configuration of a building was decided with its use. One building denoted singular program, but now it includes diverse programs. The program itself shows not only with the function of a building but also with social sense. As a result, the form and the configuration of a space is closely related to a program. This paper considers alterations of program accompanied by social changes and finds out the relationship between new programs and space configurations. And also, we are trying to use space syntax which is a quantitative method to analyze physical space configurations. New York PRADA, designed by Rem Koolhaas, coexists with two programs such as commerce and culture, and shows the relationship between a contemporary society and a new program. Searching for the relationship of space configuration and program, we find out the alteration of space configuration in the contemporary society. In the future, this could develop a comparative study of space configuration in modernism buildings which are used with the same purpose. Also space analysis based on the scientific theory will be a foundation in understanding various complex spaces.
The Biomarkers for Prediction of Significant Bleeding Complication during ECMO Support
( Jin Ho Jang ),( Hye Ju Yeo ),( Woo Hyun Cho ),( Taehwa Kim ),( Yun Seong Kim ),( Doosoo Jeon ),( Jin Ook Jang ),( Eunjeong Son ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.0
Background Bleeding is the main complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Currently, the mechanism of bleeding during ECMO is not fully understood. In previous studies, we have shown that ECMO has an effect of reducing platelet activation in the early stages. This preliminary study aimed to find a biomarker and clinical parameters for predicting bleeding complications. Methods We prospectively collected blood samples from ECMO patients on day 1, 3 and 7 and analyzed their plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b). We retrospectively reviewed patient medical records and analyzed correlations between platelet function and inflammatory markers and bleeding. Results Overall, 54 patients who received ECMO for acute respiratory failure were included and classified by presence of bleeding complication (the bleeding group (n=11) and the non-bleeding group (n=45)). The mean TNF-α concentration on day 1 (p=0.026) and day 3 (p=0.018) were significantly different between two groups, respectively. Among the clinical parameters, ECMO application for more than 2 weeks (p=0.002) were significantly related to bleeding complication (p=0.002). The ROC curve revealed that the mean TNF-α concentration on day 1 and day 3 after ECMO application fairly discriminated bleeding group and non-bleeding group with an AUC of 0.734 (95% CI 0.60-0.84, p=0.001) and 0.778 (95% CI 0.65-0.88, P<0.001), respectively. However, the factors associated with platelet activity did not show any significant difference between the two groups (Fig. 2). Conclusion The early serum level of TNF-α may play a role as a significant biomarker of bleeding complication during ECMO. The marker of platelet activity, such as beta-TG and PF4 were not significant predictor of bleeding during ECMO support. Further research aiming the crosstalk of TNF-α and coagulation cascades is warranted.
Biliary Complication during ECMO Treatment
( Jin Ook Jang ),( Hye Ju Yeo ),( Woohyun Cho ),( Eunjeong Son ),( Jinho Jang ),( Tae Hwa Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.0
Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has wide range of complications. Among GI tract complications, biliary problems such as bile stasis or acute acalculous cholecystitis are not fully assessed. Given cardiopulmonary instability, this serious subset of patients presents difficult challenges in adequate diagnosis and timely treatment of biliary complication. However, little is known about the incidence and clinical significance of biliary complications in patients on ECMO. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, associated factors and clinical outcomes of biliary complication during ECMO. Methods We retrospectively analyzed and reviewed ECMO cohort group (n=549) of our center from 2008.12 - 2019.10 and excluded 82 patients with less than 48hrs of ECMO application or having statistically missing data. ECMO cohort group (n=549) included entire ECMO cases of our center. We defined biliary complication as newly appeared radiologically diagnosed biliary related disease during ECMO, more specifically complicated biliary problems as biliary disease with inflammation such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis and uncomplicated biliary disease as rather incidental finding such as GB stones, GB sludge. Results 52 cases of total (n=467) had biliary complication. The incidence is 11.13% of total cases. Statistically (table 1), old age (P = 0.003), NPO days (P = 0.04), TPN days (P=0.003), and Presence of Hyperbilirubinemia (P = 0.026) have meaningful correlation with biliary complication during ECMO. Gender, BMI, SOFA, APACHE II, Renal replacement therapy, inotropic use, presence of liver cirrhosis, diuretic use and total bilirubin did not differ between two groups. Especially, plasma Hb, indicative mechanical hemolysis during ECMO, also did not differ between ECMO having biliary complication and without biliary complication. (P = 0.996) Conclusions Biliary complication was associated with old age, longer duration of fasting, days on total parenteral nutrition and the presence of hyperbilirubinemia. The predictors of biliary complications did not differ from those of the general ICU population.
Prevalence and associated factors of dysphagia in lung transplantation
( Jin-hee Noh ),( Woo Hyun Cho ),( Taehwa Kim ),( Sungchul Huh ),( Jin Ook Jang ),( Hye Ju Yeo ),( Doosoo Jeon ),( Yun Seong Kim ),( Hyun-yoon Ko ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-
The number of lung transplantation (LTx) has recently increased. Dysphagia is a common complication after LTx and can cause severe aspiration pneumonia, particularly in immunocompromised patients. There are very few studies on dysphagia after LTx, especially domestic data have not been reported. This study is to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of dysphagia after LTx by a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). Lung transplant recipients from March 2017 to June 2019 were included. Dysphagia was assessed by VFSS to confirm laryngeal penetration and tracheal aspiration. We investigated the duration of tubal feeding, duration of ventilator application, presence of tracheotomy and an intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW). We compared these factors with no penetration/aspiration (PA) group and PA group. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software using independent t-test and chi-square test. A total of 33 patients were enrolled and VFSS was performed on average of 22 days after surgery. All patients were in the ICU and received nutrition via nasogastric tube before VFSS. Twenty-three (69.7%) patients showed penetration or aspiration in VFSS. Aspiration showed 50.5% of all patients, of which 84% were aspiration without symptom (Table). In comparison between no PA group and PA group, the presence of tracheostomy and ICUAW was significantly more in PA group (p<0.05). However, age, duration of tubal feeding and duration of ventilator application were not statistically significant between two groups. This is the first study to report the dysphagia of LTx recipients in Korea. We found that the prevalence of dysphagia after LTx was about 70% and the presence of the tracheostomy tube and ICUAW were associated with dysphagia after LTx. In addition, silent aspiration accounted for 84% of tracheal aspiration. For prevention of aspiration pneumonia, diagnostic evaluation of dysphagia after LTx is strongly recommended before starting oral feeding.
Jang, Yong Hyun,Kim, Seok Min,Eun, Dong Hyuk,Park, Kyung Duck,Park, Gyeong-Hun,Kim, Byung-Soo,Li, Kapsok,Park, Chang Ook,Kim, Hye One,Kim, Hei Sung,Jang, Min Soo,Doh, Eun Jin,Lee, Dong Hun,Lee, Yang W Elsevier 2020 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY - Vol.82 No.1
<P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Several tools can provide a reliable and accurate evaluation of pruritus, including the visual analog scale (VAS), numeric rating scale (NRS), verbal rating scale (VRS), and multidimensional questionnaires such as the Itch Severity Scale (ISS). However, no single method is considered a gold standard.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>We evaluated the validity and reliability of VAS, NRS, VRS, and ISS and their correlation with a pruritus-specific quality of life instrument, ItchyQoL.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A total of 419 patients (215 men and 204 women) with chronic pruritus (mean age, 46.58 years) recorded their pruritus intensity on VAS, NRS, VRS, and ISS. Retest reliability was analyzed in a second assessment 3 hours after the initial assessment. All participants answered ItchyQoL.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A strong correlation between VAS, NRS, and VRS was found. ISS showed a low intercorrelation validity with these tools. However, ISS was more strongly correlated with ItchyQoL. The retest reliability scores were similar for VAS, NRS, and VRS but lower than the scores obtained for ISS.</P> <P><B>Limitations</B></P> <P>Limitations include patient heterogeneity and recall bias.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The assessment of pruritus is challenging because of the subjective symptoms and the multifactorial nature. Therefore, more studies are needed to determine the best strategy to assess itch intensity.</P>
3-Later E-portfolio System based on Meta-data
Hye-Jin Lee,Chan Park,Ji-Seong Jeong,Young-Hee Jang,Dong-Ook Seong,Jae-Soo Yoo,Kwan-Hee Yoo 한국콘텐츠학회 2009 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2009 No.12
Using e-portfolio for lectures helps to build the construction of lectures and gives opportunities to have feedbacks. However, previous results have not used e-portfolio efficiently because its construction has been limited and not comprehensive. In order to solve this problem in this paper, we construct e-portfolio by dividing it into three layers and by using metadata to configure each layer depending on purposes and contexts. Based on the layered e-portfolio, we are able to get at the degree of relevance between learners and learning systems by applying a learning inferring engine presenting the way of learning.