중환자에서 동맥혈 가스분석 횟수와 그로인한 실혈량에 대한 연구

이석열,전철우,정영수,오희숙,마분란,이정미,정혜영,이만복,이길노 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background : Arterial blood gas analysis is the most comon exam in intensive care unit. In this study, the frequency of blood gas analysis and the amount of blood loss after Blood Gas Analysis in Intensive Care Unit were observed. Methods : From November 1999 to February 2000, 115 patients admitted to intensive care unit at Soonchunhyang university Kumi hospital were studied prospectively for the frequency of blood gas analysis and the amount of blood loss after blood gas analysis in Intensive Care Unit. Results : The mean value of frequency of blood gas analysis was 6.41±6.49 and the mean value of amount of blood loss after blood gas analysis was 0.78ml. This was lower than that of other foreign reports. The patients with ventilator therapy above 24 hours showed higher frequency of blood gas analysis than that of not applied ventilator patients. Pulse oxymetry was applied to all patients and the frequency of blood gas analysis was decreased due to the use of strict pulse oxymetry. Conclusion : Doctors and nurses in intensive care unit keep in mind that adequate blood sampling is needed for the decrease of blood loss. Education and protocol for the decrease of blood loss after arterial blood gas analysis may be necessary.

두개안면부 다한증에서 제2번 흉부교감신경 절단후 발한분포 변화에 대한 연구

이석열,박정권,이길노 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2

Craniofacial hyperhidrosis patients complain discormfort due to excessve sweating of head and face. Medical treatment has been used but it's effect is transient and side effects are very common. After introducing of video thoracoscope in 1986, many thoracic surgical procedures have been developed using video thoracoscope. But domestic papers about craniofacial hyperhidrosis have not been existed yet. This study analyzed the effect and patient's satisfaction of T2 symoathicotomy. The degree of sweating change of pre and post T2 sympathicotomy and compensatory hyperhidrosis using linear analogue scale in 15 craniofacial hyperhidrosis patients were analyzed. Craniofacial sweating disappeared after T2 sympathicotomy and patients' satisfactions were high. Compensatory hyperhidrosis appeared on trunk, back, abdomen, thigh and buttock but it's degree was not severe. Therefore T2 sympathicotomy is effective and safe method in treatment of craniofacial hyperhidrosis. But further evaluations are needed on more patients, long time follow-up and compensatory hyperhidrosis.

소라, Turbo cornutus SOLANDER의 Energy 收支에 關하여

李廷烈,金乙培 濟州大學 臨海硏究所 1978 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.2 No.-

소라에 대한 攝餌量과 排泄量 및 呼吸量을 測定하여 60日間에 대한 energy 收支를 調査한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 먹이로부터 變換된 energy의 量은 A群(殼長4∼6㎝)에서 9.003K-㎈, B群 (殼長6∼8㎝)에서 13.430K-㎈이였다. 2. 排泄에 消費된 energy 量은 17.3∼29.3%였으며 體內에 同化된 energy 量은 70.7∼82.7%였다. 3. 成長에 利用된 energy 量은 A群에서 3.213K -㎈, B群에서 2.568K-㎈였으며 47.0∼51.6%가 呼吸에 利用되었다. 4. 純 體重 增加에 利用된 energy는 A群에서 同化된 energy의 33.8%를, B群에서 20.1%를 나타냈다. The energy flow for the topshell, Turbo cornutus SOLANDER, was estimated from 11st July, 1977 to 8th September, 1977 with references to observations on the feeding rate, excretion, and respiration rate. The total energy of ingested by individual topshell was computed 9.003 K-㎈ per 60 days in A group (shell length 4∼6㎝) and 13.430 K-㎈ per 60 days in B group (shell length 6∼8㎝ ). The energy of excreta and the energy which was assimilated to body were 17.3∼29.3%, 70.7∼82.7% respectively of total ingested energy. The energy flux for the growth was about 3.212K-㎈ per 60 days in A group and about 2.568 K-㎈ per 60 days in B group. The amounts of energy loss in respiration was 47.0∼51.6% of total ingested energy and energy flux for net body growth was 33.8% of assimilation energy in A group and 20.1% in B group.

자동차용 실리콘 가속도센서의 개발(Ⅱ)

이종현,신장규,이상룡,천희곤,조찬섭,심준환,류인식,박석홍,허정준,박기열 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 연차보고서 Vol.1994 No.-

자동차의 air-bag 장치에 실용될 수 있는 압저항형 단결정 실리콘 가속도센서 칩을 개발하기 위하여 결정 실리콘 미세구조의 제조방법을 확립하고, 단위공정의 검증을 통하여 일괄공정에 의한 PROTO-TYPE 칩을 만드는 기술을 연구하였다. 단결정 실리콘 미세구조는 선택확산법을 이용하여 정확히 선택된 영역에만 air-gap을 형성하여 미세구조의 측면식각을 방지하는 선택확산법에 의한 실리콘 마이크로머시닝 기술로 제조하였다. 일괄공정을 위한 단위공정확립을 위하여 PROTY-TYPE 8빔 브릿지형 가속도 센서를 제조하였다. 제조된 칩의 가속도에 따른 출력전압은 선형성을 나타내고 있으며, 감도는 약 50 ㎶/V·g로 나타났다. 이 감도는 50G용 가속도센서의 사양을 만족하지 못했다. 이는 공정에 의한 문제라기 보다는 가속도센서의 시뮬레이션에 의해 설계한 구조가 이미 원하는 감도에 못 미친다는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 2차 공정으로 제조될 가속도센서의 파라미터를 SuperSAP 유한요소 패키지를 이용하여 실리콘 미세구조부의 파라미터에 따른 특성을 시뮬레이션하였다. 설계된 50G용 가속도센서의 mass Pad의 반경 및 빔 길이, 빔 폭, 빔 두께, 그리고 mass의 각 파라미터 값은 700 ㎛, 120 ㎛, 5 ㎛, 1.0 ㎎ 이었다. 반도체 공정기술, 관성질량 제조법 및 선택확산을 이용한 마이크로머시닝을 사용하여 일괄공정으로 8빔 브린지형 가속도센서를 제조하였다. We researched the establishment of the silicon microstructure fabrication technique to develop a piezoresistive type silicon acceleration sensor chip and the technique to make a proto-type chip by the verification of the unit-process. Silicon microstructure is fabricated silicon micro-machining by selective diffusion method. This method prevent a side-etching of microstructure because selective diffused region is only formed an air-gap. We fabricated a proto-type 8-beam bridge-type acceleration sensor to establish the unit-process for the batch-process. The output voltage of the chip represented linearity with acceleration, and the sensitivity was about 50 ㎶/V·g. But this sensitivity dosen't satisfy the requirements of a practical acceleration sensor. The cause of this result is assumed not process problem, but the structure designed by simulation isn't suitable already. Threfore, the characteristics of parameters of the acceleration sensor that will be fabricated by 2nd-process is simulated by SuperSAP finite-element package. The determined parameter values of beam length, beam width, beam thickness, mass, and mass radius are 120 ㎛, 5 ㎛, 1.0 ㎎, and 700 ㎛, respectively. We fabricated 8-beam bridge-type acceleration sensor by batch-process using a semiconductor process technique, proof-mass fabrication method, and micromachinig using selective diffusion.

개별배치모델을 적용한 정신장애인 '의국비서' 직종 취업사례고찰

이형열,조정원 한국장애인고용촉진공단 고용개발원 2004 장애와 고용 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 한국장애인고용촉진공단에서 정신장애인의 고용활성화를 위해 개별배치모델을 적용하여 현장지향적 측면에서 실시한 정신장애인의' 의국비서' 직종 취업사례를 분석· 평가하여 그 함의를 바탕으로 정신장애인의 고용확대를 도모하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 부산시립정신병원으로부터 직업재활이 가능하다고 판단되는 정신장애인 1명을 추천받아 부산시립정신병원의 병원비서직무(의국비서)로 훈련을 실시하였으며, 진행과정은「장애인고용촉진및직업재활법」제12조(지원고용)에 근거하여 한국장애인고용촉진공단에서 지침으로 규정한" 중증장애인지원고용프로그램"에 따라" 개별배치모델"을 적용하여 진행되었다. 연구결과 나타난 함의는 아래와 같다. 첫째, 정신장애인의 지원고용에 있어서는 정신장애인의 특성상 3일간의 사전훈련 이전에 중분한 사회복귀훈련이나 직업 준비훈련이 전제가 되어야 하고, 둘째, 정신장애인을 대상으로 한 직업능력평가는 정신장애인의 특성을 감안한 도구를 위주로 평가되어져야 한다는 것, 셋째, 대상자의 직업능력 및 적성을 고려하여 직무조사를 실시하고 이 를 토대로 사업체 선정 및 직업배치를 하여야 하며, 넷째, 사업체 직무성격 및 대상 장애유형에 따라 지원고용모델이 적용되나 '의국비서' 직종의 경우「개별배치모델」이 효과적이었음이 입증되었으며, 다섯째, 지속적인 고용안정을 위해서는 사후지도 및 관리방식의 개발이 필요하다는 것과, 여섯째, 직무지도원의 단계별 개입이 훈련의 효과성을 높일 수 있다는 것이다. The purpose of this study is to enhance employment opportunity for person with psychiatric disabilities In order to this, this study applied individual placement modeI for person with psychiatric disabilities in hospital setting. This research worked with a person with the psychiatric disability who is able to accomplish vocational rehabilitation pragrams. This job seeker is referred to psychiatric hospital in Busan. The process of program is accomplished by the guideline of supported employment program for person with siginificant disabilities in Section 12 of Employment Promotion and Vocational Rehabilitation Act. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, a person with psychiatric disabilities needs 3days pre-employment programs or social returning programs before starts main program. Second, person with psychiatric disabilities must be used by vocational evaluation tools which are designed for person with psychiatric disabilities. Third, job analysis is important step for matching jobs and job placement. Forth, individual placement is effective approach in hospitaI setting. Fifth it is necessary for person with psychiatric disabilities to provide follow-up service and management development for sustaining employment. Finally, The intervention of job coach is important role to upgrade the effectiveness of training.

PLCM을 이용한 카오스 블록 암호화 기법

이성우,이민구,박정렬,신재호 東國大學敎 産業技術硏究院 2005 산업기술논문집 Vol.15 No.1

본 논문에서는 동력학적 특성이 좋은 PLCM을 이용한 256비트 길이의 암호 키와 32비트 데이터 블록의 카오스 블록 암호화 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 기법은 256비트의 키에서 각 암호화 단계마다 사용될 32비트의 세션 키 두 개를 생성해서 PLCM의 초기 값과 반복회수를 결정하는데 사용한다. 본 제안 기법은 피드백 구조와 대치 기능의 S함수를 통해 암호 강도를 향상시켰다. 또한 실험 결과와 안전성 분석을 통해 본 제안 기법이 통계적(Statistical) 공격에 매우 강함을 보여준다. In this paper, we propose a chaotic block encryption scheme using a PLCM (Piecewise Linear Chaotic Map) having a good dynamical property. The proposed scheme has a block size of 32 bits and a key size of 256 bits. In the proposed scheme we use two 32-bit session keys generated from 256-bit key to decide the initial value and the number of iteration of PLCM. To enhance the strength of security we use a feedback structure and a S (Substitution) function. With results of test and analyses of security we show the proposed scheme is very secure against statistical attacks.

소라의 종묘생산을 위한 생물학적 연구 : 제주도산 소라, Turbo cornutus Solander의 산란기와 산유수발

이정재,이정열 제주대학교 해양연구소 1979 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.3 No.-

For the seed production of the topshell, Turbo cornutus SOLANDER an industrially important ga-stropod in Jeju Island, spawning season and induction of artificial spawning has been studied from April to December, 1978. The topshell were collected in the coast of Jeju Island, Jeju city. Seongsanpo, Moseulpo and Seogwipo areas. As the methods for induction of artificial spawning, the gonad were treated with NH_(4)OH and NH_(4)CI seawater solution, or treated indiviual with seawater temperature and exposure to air. The spawning season of the topshell in the coast of Jeju were supposed from June to Octorber, in which water temperature ranged from 21~26℃. The peak spawning occurred from August to early in September at Jeju city, August to mid-September at Seongsanpo, mid-July to August at Moseulpo and mid-July to early in September at Seogwipo. The condition factor of the topshell at Seongsanpo and Seogwipo were higher in August and September lower in June. And those of Jeju city and Moseulpo were higher in September, lower in July. The change of gonad maturity index of the topshell were showed higher in July,lower in August and September. The rate of meat weight to the total weight of the topshell at Jeju city and Moseulpo, Seongsanpo and Seogwipo were showed higher in May ant July respectively, but their value were declined in August and September in all. The difference of gonead maturation and spawning period were not observed between female and male. In this experiment the successful spawning were one time in the repeated treatments of twelve times of temperature seawater and all in five times of esposure to air. In this case the rate of fertilization was about 85.6~99.1% A tempt to spawning by injection of 1/100N-NH_(4)CI seawater solution to gonad of the topshell, and insomination by matured gonad immersed in 1/1000~3/1000 N-NH_(4)OH or 1/1000~3/1000 N-NH_(4)CI seawater solution for 10 to 15 minutes could not succeeded. In the development of the fertilized egg, the first eleavage occured 25 minutes the trochophore was observed 8 hours and 5 minutes, hatched out 11 hours and 5 minutes and the setting of the veliger began to three days after fertilization.

미꾸리 仔魚에 대한 農藥의 影響

李廷烈 군산대학교 1983 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.17 No.3

Short-term acute toxicity of agricultural chemicals (Rice-plant fever) to larvae of loach, Misgurnus angillicaudatus was examined by static bioassay. The larvae were exposed to 11 different concentration of agricultural chemicals for 1, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours in order to determine median lethal concentration (LC 50). The 100% mortality of larvae showed within 96, 72, 48 and 1 hours for 40, 50, 60 and 70 ppm respectively. The median lethal concentration (LC 50) values of the larvae were 25.61 ppm for 48 hours, 13.50 ppm for 96 hours and 10.19 ppm for 120 hours. The permissible toxicant concentration of acute toxicity to larvae was 1.11 - 1.64 ppm, and application factor of the agricultural chemicals was 0.082-0.121. The median lethal time (LT 50) for different concentration also was determined. The LT 50 of 1 ppm was found within 324.0 hours and 10 ppm was 127.1 hours, while the LT 50 of 30 ppm was 67.8 hours and that of 70 ppm was 40.7 hours.

소라, Turbo cornutus SOLANDER의 棲息場 環境과 集團成長에 關하여

李定宰,李祺完,李廷烈 濟州大學 臨海硏究所 1978 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.2 No.-

1977년 6月부터 12月까지 西歸浦 沿岸에 位置한 숲섬,甫木里,法還里의 3個 養成場을 對象으로 海洋基礎生態學的 要因 및 標識放流한 소라의 成長과 移動등을 調査하였다. 1. 各 養成場의 水溫 및 比重의 垂直的 變化는 보이지 않았고 숲섬 養成場이 多少 低溫을 나타냈다. 2. 숲섬 養成場의 海低地型은 B,C형태이고 甫木里 養成場은 A形態,甫木里 養成場은 C, D形態가 主로 構成되어 있다. 3. 各 養成場의 流速은 숲섬 養成場이 가장 빨라 4∼20 ㎝/sec였고, 法還里 養成場은 1∼10㎝/sec로 緩慢한 流速을 보였다. 4. 西歸浦 沿岸의 吸收係數는 0.218∼0.329(평균 0.283)이였고 숲섬, 法還里, 甫木里 順으로 작았다. 5. 調査된 海藻相 中 各 養成場別 優點種은 共히 모자반, 감태, 석회조, 클라도포라 등이였으며 특히 法還里 養成場은 모자반이 優勢하게 分布했다. 6. 標識放流한 소라의 成長度는 6月부터 10月까지 빠른 傾向을 보였고,養成場別 成長速度는 甫木里,숲섬,法還里의 順이었다. 7. 標識放流期間 동안 具殼 新生部에 形成된 棘數는 2∼3個가 가장 많았다. 8. 소라의 移動거리는 各 養成場 共히 5∼25m의 範圍가 가장 높은 頻度를 보였다. Studies on the growth of topshell which had tagging liberated and ecological survey were taken from the three culturing topshell forms of the Seogwipo coast form June to December, 1977. Three culturing topshell farms are Supseom, Bomkri and Beophwanri coat. The culturing topahell farms are shallow with the mean depth 5∼8m, and vertical changes of water temperature and specific gravity in each arears were not appeared. The water temperaure of Supseom area was lower than the other areas. The compositions of submarine geological type in Supseom, Bomokri and Beophwanri area were B (Hole type) and C (crevice type) type, A (Rock type) type, and C and D (Sand type) type respectively. The Current speeds of each culturing farm area were in the range of 1∼20㎝/sec, and the current of Beophwanri culturing farm area was slower than the other areas. The absorption coefficient of Seogwipo coastal water in the range of 0.218~0.329 and the mean was 0.283. Fifty species of marine algae were identified. Major algal group of each culturing farms were Sargassum sp.,Ecklonia cava, Chladophora sp., calcareous algae. Particularly, Beophwanri culturing farm was abundant in Saragassum sp. Of the three culturing topshell farms increment in growth of topshell were showed rapid growth from June to October and noted that increment in growth of Bomokri was the highest. During the tagging liberated period, the number of spines on newly formed parts of shell was in the range of 0∼5 spines. The creeping distance was 5∼25m in each culturing topshell in all.

광주전남지역 정상 신생아의 코의 형태와 계측치에 대한 연구

이유진,양정열,이승찬,천지선,박상기 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.2

Background and Objectives: Cleft lip and palate are common defects in congenital deformity. They are the most frequent deformity in the face. Nose deformity is most common among various facial deformity at the center of face. So we must operate to correct the deformity at the earliest stage to give a patient and parent spiritual relief from anxiety, and it is the trend of the treatment recently. We must know the facial anthropometry in newborn to try at the early stage, but there is a lack of literature and research on newborns. So we carried out this research to form base data for operations. Materials and Methods : The noses of 90 newborns in Gwangju-Cheonnam area were analyzed quantitatively, based on 10 nasal measuring points and 13 anthropometric values taken directly from the face of newborns. The relationship between the nasal measurements were studied in 11 proportion indices. Results : Following are our mean values in newborn. Width of the nasal root was 13. 9mm. Width of the nose was 22. lrnm, Width of the columella was 4. 5mm. Height of the nose was 22.6mm. Length of the nasal bridge was 20.1mm. Nasal tip protrusion was 8.9mm. Width of the nostril floor was 6.4mm. Thickness of the nasal ala and length of the nasal ala were 4.0mm, 15.4mm. Length of the columella was 3.9mm. The most common nostril shape was Type II (0-45 degrees in inclination of the nostril axis from the horizontal). Nasal index was 97.8. Columella-nasal tip protrusion length index was 43.9. Conclusion : The development of the columella was relatively incomplete in the case of newborn and was the result to appear. The normal indicies could be used clinically in identifying the it's normality as well as morphologic characteristics of the craniofacial structures. They also could be used in differential diagnosis between the morphologically similar congenital craniofacial anomalies. In preoperative design, in setting the criteria of the postoperative results, and assessing the effect of the operation, Finally, they supply the plastic surgeon and the other specialists in the craniofacial surgery with basic normal population data.