Effects of High-Protein Diet and/or Resveratrol Supplementation on the Immune Response of Irradiated Rats

Kyoung Ok Kim,Hyunjin Park,Hyun-Sook Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.19 No.3

We investigated the effects of a high-protein diet and resveratrol supplementation on immune cells changes induced by abdominal irradiation in rats. Female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: 1) control diet, 2) control diet with irradiation 3) 30% high-protein diet with irradiation, 4) normal diet with resveratrol supplementation and irradiation, and 5) 30% high-protein diet with resveratrol supplementation and irradiation. We measured blood protein and albumin concentrations, lipid profiles, white blood cell (WBC) counts, proinflammatory cytokine production, and splenocyte proliferation in rats that had been treated with a 17.5 Gy dose of radiation 30 days prior. A high-protein diet affected plasma total cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, which were increased by the radiation treatment. In addition, the lymphocyte percentage and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration were increased, and the neutrophil percentage was decreased in rats fed a high-protein diet. Resveratrol supplementation decreased the triglyceride (TG) level, but increased the IgM concentration and splenocyte proliferation. Proinflammatory cytokine production was lower in rats fed a high-protein diet supplemented with resveratrol than in rats fed a control diet. The results of the present study indicate that high-protein diets, with or without resveratrol supplementation, might assist with recovery from radiation-induced inflammation by modulating immune cell percentages and cytokine production.

Lower uncarboxylated osteocalcin and higher sclerostin levels are significantly associated with coronary artery disease

Kim, Kyoung Min,Lim, Soo,Moon, Jae Hoon,Jin, Hyunjin,Jung, Kyong Yeun,Shin, Chan Soo,Park, Kyong Soo,Jang, Hak Chul,Choi, Sung Hee Elsevier 2016 Bone Vol.83 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Systemic roles for bone-derived proteins have emerged from recent studies. In particular, the serum concentration of osteocalcin (OCN) or sclerostin was found to be associated with altered glucose metabolism or atherosclerosis. The aims of this study were to evaluate OCN and sclerostin levels in subjects who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery compared with those in normal controls and to analyze their relationships with atherosclerosis.</P> <P>This was an age- and sex-matched case–control study that included 61 male subjects who underwent CABG and 61 controls. Forty-six subjects (37.7%) with diabetes and 62 hypertensive subjects (50.8%) were included. Serum sclerostin, uncarboxylated OCN (ucOCN) and carboxylated OCN (cOCN) were measured. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score was calculated according to Agatston's method, using a 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography scanner.</P> <P>The levels of serum ucOCN were significantly lower and sclerostin concentrations were higher in the CABG group than in the controls (<I>p</I> <0.05 for both), and these significances were maintained after adjusting for atherosclerotic risk factors in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients (<I>p</I> <0.05 in both groups). However, there was no difference in cOCN levels between CABG patients and controls. The group with abnormal CAC scores (CAC scores ≥100) had significantly higher levels of serum sclerostin (<I>p</I> <0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, both lower ucOCN and higher sclerostin levels were independently associated with CABG (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% CI 0.22–0.84, <I>p</I> <0.05 for log(ucOCN); and OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.08–4.05, <I>p</I> <0.05 for log(sclerostin)).</P> <P>In subjects with CAD who underwent CABG, the serum ucOCN level was decreased and the sclerostin level was increased compared with those in the controls, regardless of diabetic status. Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish the precise roles of ucOCN and sclerostin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Lower uncarboxylated osteocalcin and higher sclerostin concentrations are significantly associated with coronary artery disease regardless of diabetes status. </LI> <LI> Serum sclerostin level provided significant positive association with coronary artery calcification scores. </LI> <LI> In logistic regression analysis only uncarboxylated osteocalcin remained as an independent parameter for coronary artery disease requiring coronary artery bypass graft. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effects of High-Protein Diet and/or Resveratrol Supplementation on the Immune Response of Irradiated Rats

Kim, Kyoung Ok,Park, Hyunjin,Kim, Hyun-Sook The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2014 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.19 No.3

We investigated the effects of a high-protein diet and resveratrol supplementation on immune cells changes induced by abdominal irradiation in rats. Female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: 1) control diet, 2) control diet with irradiation 3) 30% high-protein diet with irradiation, 4) normal diet with resveratrol supplementation and irradiation, and 5) 30% high-protein diet with resveratrol supplementation and irradiation. We measured blood protein and albumin concentrations, lipid profiles, white blood cell (WBC) counts, proinflammatory cytokine production, and splenocyte proliferation in rats that had been treated with a 17.5 Gy dose of radiation 30 days prior. A high-protein diet affected plasma total cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, which were increased by the radiation treatment. In addition, the lymphocyte percentage and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration were increased, and the neutrophil percentage was decreased in rats fed a high-protein diet. Resveratrol supplementation decreased the triglyceride (TG) level, but increased the IgM concentration and splenocyte proliferation. Proinflammatory cytokine production was lower in rats fed a high-protein diet supplemented with resveratrol than in rats fed a control diet. The results of the present study indicate that high-protein diets, with or without resveratrol supplementation, might assist with recovery from radiation-induced inflammation by modulating immune cell percentages and cytokine production.

Effects of Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of weaned pigs

( Daye Mun ),( Hyunjin Kyoung ),( Myunghwan Kong ),( Sangdon Ryu ),( Ki Beom Jang ),( Jangryeol Baek ),( Kyeong Il Park ),( Minho Song ),( Younghoon Kim ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.6

Bacillus is characterized by the formation of spores in harsh environments, which makes it suitable for use as a probiotic for feed because of thermostability and high survival rate, even under long-term storage. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 40 weaned pigs (7.01 ± 0.86 kg body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly assigned to two treatments (4 pigs/ pen; 5 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block = BW and sex). The dietary treatment was either a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) or CON supplemented with 0.01% probiotics containing a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (PRO). Fecal samples were collected daily by rectal palpation for the last 3 days after a 4-day adaptation. Blood, ileal digesta, and intestinal tissue samples were collected from one pig in each pen at the respective time points. The PRO group did not affect the feed efficiency, but the average daily gain was significantly improved (p < 0.05). The PRO group showed a trend of improved crude protein digestibility (p < 0.10). The serum transforming growth factor-β1 level tended to be higher (p < 0.10) in the PRO group on days 7 and 14. There was no difference in phylum level of the intestinal microbiota, but there were differences in genus composition and proportions. However, β-diversity analysis showed no statistical differences between the CON and the PRO groups. Taken together, Bacillus-based probiotics had beneficial effects on the growth performance, immune system, and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs, suggesting that Bacillus can be utilized as a functional probiotic for weaned pigs.

특수교사의 근골격계 통증 유발에 영향을 미치는 변인

구현진(Ku, HyunJin),박경옥(Park, Kyoung Ock),백종남(Baek, Jongnam) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 특수교사의 근골격계 통증유발에 영향을 미치는 변인이 무엇인지 알아보고자 특수교사 238명을 대상으로 조사연구를 실시하였다. 연구의 결과를 산출하기 위해 특수교사의 근골격계(목, 어깨, 손, 허리) 질환 여부를 종속변인으로, 특수교사의 개인관련, 학교업무관련, 지도 학생관련 변인을 독립변인으로 설정하였다. 교차분석을 통해 특수교사의 근골격계 유발 변인을 추출하였고, 그 변인을 투입하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하여 그 변인들의 영향력을 확인하였다. 확인된 특수교사의 근골격계 통증과 관련한 관련 변인들을 살펴보면, 첫째, 여교사가 남교사보다 목, 어깨, 손 통증 유발 가능성이 높게 나타났고, 스스로 허약하다고 인식하는 교사는 건강하다고 인식하는 교사보다 목과 허리 통증 유발 가능성이 높다. 그리고 고등학교 담당 교사가 전공과 담당 교사에 비해 어깨 통증 유발 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 담당 학생의 주된 장애유형이 감각장애인 경우 기타 장애를 담당하고 있는 교사보다 허리 통증 유발 가능성이 낮게 나타났다. 하루 평균 리프팅 횟수가 4회 이상인 교사가 없는 교사보다 손의 통증 유발 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과에 따라 논의하고 후속연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다. This study was planned to identify factors influencing musculoskeletal pain among special teachers. This research study selected 238 special teachers as participants. To generate findings, the investigator set the musculoskeletal(neck, shoulder, hand, and back) diseases of special teachers as dependent variables and their personal, school affair, and student variables as independent ones. As for analysis, cross tabulation was used to identify the variables of musculoskeletal pain among special teachers and then followed by logistic regression analysis to examine the influences of those variables. The findings provided the following information about the variables of musculoskeletal pain among special teachers: first, female teachers were more likely to develop pain in the neck, shoulder, and hand than their male counterparts. Second, those who perceived themselves weak were more likely to develop pain in the neck and back than those who perceived themselves healthy. Third, the special teachers in charge of high school were more likely to develop pain in the shoulder than those who were in charge of major courses. Fourth, the special teachers in charge of students with sensory disabilities were less likely to develop pain in the back than those who were in charge of students with other types of disabilities. Finally, the special teachers whose mean number of lifting per day was four or higher were more likely to develop pain in the hand than those who had no lifts a day. Based on those findings, the study had discussions and offered its significance and limitations and also proposals for follow-up study.

Dietary spray-dried plasma supplementation in late-gestation and lactation enhanced productive performance and immune responses of lactating sows and their litters

( Kwangwook Kim ),( Byeonghyeon Kim ),( Hyunjin Kyoung ),( Yanhong Liu ),( Joy M. Campbell ),( Minho Song ),( Peng Ji ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.5

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of spray-dried plasma (SDP) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on productive performance and immune responses of sows and their litters. Twelve sows (227.78 ± 2.16 kg average body weight; 2.0 average parity) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: a basal diet (CON) and the basal diet supplemented with 1% SDP. Sows were fed experimental diets from d 30 before farrowing to weaning of their piglets. Blood samples were collected from sows on d 1, 3, and 7 of lactation and from two randomly selected nursing pigs per litter on d 3 and 7 after birth, and d 1, 3, and 7 after weaning. Productive performance and immune responses of sows and their piglets were measured. There was a trend of less body weight loss in sows supplemented with SDP (p < 0.10) during the lactation period and a trend of greater (p < 0.10) average daily gain in SDP piglets compared to those in the CON group. Sows in the SDP group tended to have lower (p < 0.10) serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and cortisol on d 3 and lower serum concentration of TNF-α on d 7 compared with sows in CON group. In comparison with CON piglets, piglets from SDP sows tended to have lower (p < 0.10) serum concentrations of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and cortisol on d 7 after birth, lower (p < 0.10) serum TNF-α and C-reactive protein on d 3 and 7 after weaning, and greater (p < 0.10) average daily gain after weaning. Moreover, weaned pigs from sows fed SDP had significantly lower (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of cortisol and TGF-β1 on d 3 and 7 postweaning, respectively, than CON piglets. In conclusion, SDP supplementation in sow diets from late gestation to weaning improved the productive performance of sows and their offspring; the beneficial effects of SDP may be mediated in part through modulation of immune responses of both sows and piglets.

Change in the Gut Microbiota of Lactating Sows and Their Piglets by Inclusion of Dietary Spray-Dried Plasma in Sow Diets

( Jeong Jae Lee ),( Hyunjin Kyoung ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Kyeong Il Park ),( Yonghee Kim ),( Jinmu Ahn ),( Jeehwan Choe ),( Younghoon Kim ),( Hyeun Bum Kim ),( Minho Song ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2024 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.34 No.3

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary spray-dried plasma (SDP) on the gut microbiota of lactating sows and their piglets. A total of 12 sows were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. The treatments were a sow diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON), and a CON diet with an added 1% SDP. The sows were fed the dietary treatments from d 30 before farrowing to weaning (d 28). The fecal samples of three sows from each treatment and two of their randomly selected piglets were collected to verify their fecal microbiota. There were no differences in the alpha diversity and distinct clustering of the microbial communities in the sows and their piglets when SDP was added to the sow diets from late gestation to weaning. The fecal microbiota of the lactating sows and their piglets showed a higher relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidota and genus Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus and showed a lower relative abundance of the phylum Bacillota and genus Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella, and Clostridium in the sows fed the SDP diet than those fed the CON diet. Overall, these results show that the addition of SDP to the sow diet during lactation altered the gut environment with positive microbial composition changes. These results were similar in the nursing piglets, suggesting that the control of the sow diets during lactation may contribute to the intestinal health and growth in piglets after weaning.

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrases on Fecal Microbiome Composition of Lactating Sows and Their Piglets

Lee, Jeong Jae,Song, Minho,Kyoung, Hyunjin,Park, Kyeong Il,Ryu, Sangdon,Kim, Younghoon,Shin, Minhye The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.6

Corn-soybean meal diets are commonly used in the pork industry as a primary source of energy and protein. However, such a diet generally contains non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) which present a challenge in finding ways to improve their availability and digestibility. Dietary multi-carbohydrases (MCs) have been proposed as an efficient approach to utilize NSPs, and can result in improved growth performance and host intestinal fitness. In this study, we evaluated the effects of MC in lactation diets on gut microbiota composition of lactating sows and their litters. The experimental design contained two dietary treatments, a diet based on corn-soybean meal (CON), and CON supplemented with 0.01% multigrain carbohydrases (MCs). Sow and piglet fecal samples were collected on days 7 and 28 after farrowing. Based on the results from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, MC led to changes in species diversity and altered the microbial compositions in lactating sows and their piglets. Specifically, the MC treatment induced an increase in the proportions of Lactobacillus in piglets. Clostridium and Spirochaetaceae showed a significantly reduced proportion in MC-treated sows at day 28. Our results support the beneficial effects of dietary carbohydrases and their link with improved production due to better host fitness outcomes and gut microbiota composition.

Modification of Gut Microbiota and Immune Responses via Dietary Protease in Soybean Meal-Based Protein Diets

Song Minho,Kim Byeonghyeon,Cho Jin Ho,Kyoung Hyunjin,Choe Jeehwan,Cho Jee-Yeon,Kim Younghoon,김현범,Lee Jeong Jae 한국미생물·생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.7

Plant-based protein sources such as soybean meal have low digestibility and are generally promoted accumulation of undigested proteins into the intestine by enzymatic treatments. Moreover, potential intestinal pathogens ferment undigested proteins, producing harmful substances, such as ammonia, amines and phenols, leading to an overactive immune response and diarrhea in weaned pigs. As a solution, dietary proteases hydrolyze soybean-based antinutritive factors, which negatively affect immune responses and gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary proteases (PRO) in a low-crude protein (CP) commercial diet on the immune responses and gut microbiota of weaned pigs. The experimental design consisted of three dietary treatments: a commercial diet as a positive control (PC; phase1 CP = 23.71%; phase 2 CP: 22.36%), a lower CP diet than PC as negative control (NC; 0.61% less CP than PC), and NC diet supplement with 0.02% PRO. We found that PRO tended to decrease the frequency of diarrhea in the first two weeks after weaning compared with PC and NC. In addition, pigs fed PRO showed decreased TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels compared with those fed PC and NC. The PRO group had a higher relative proportion of the genus Lactobacillus and lower levels of the genus Streptococcus than the PC and NC groups. In conclusion, the addition of PRO to a low CP commercial weaned diet attenuated inflammatory responses and modified gut microbiota in weaned pigs.

Effects of dietary protease supplementation on growth rate, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs

송민호,김병헌,Jin Ho Cho,Hyunjin Kyoung,박상우,Jee-Yeon Cho,Kyeong Il Park,김현범,Jeong Jae Lee 한국축산학회 2022 한국축산학회지 Vol.64 No.3

The addition of dietary proteases (PRO) to weaner diets hydrolyzes soybean-based anti- nutritive factors and improves weaned pig’s dietary digestibility and growth performance. Therefore, this study explores the effects of PRO in a lower crude protein (CP) level diet than that in a commercial diet on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. A total of 90 weaned pigs were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 6 pigs per pen and 5 replicated pens per treatment using a randomized complete block design (block = body weight [BW]): 1) a commercial weaner diet as a positive control (PC; phase1 CP = 23.71%; phase2 CP: 22.36%), 2) lower CP diet than PC as a negative control (NC; 0.61% less CP than PC), and 3) an NC diet with 0.02% PRO. Pigs fed PC and PRO had higher (p < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain, and/or gain to feed ratio for the first three weeks and the overall experimental period than NC. The PC and PRO groups had greater (p < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, CP, and energy than the NC group. Moreover, pigs fed PC and PRO increased (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of CP compared with those fed NC. In addition, the PRO group had a higher number of goblet cells than the PC and NC groups. However, pig fed PC and PRO increased (p < 0.05) villus height and height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum compared with those fed NC. In conclusion, PRO supplementation in a commercial weaner diet with low CP levels improves growth rate and nutrient digestibility by modulating the intestinal morphology of weaned pigs.