윈덤 루이스의 「안쿠의 죽음」과 「브로뜨꼬뜨나즈」에서의 야성적 신체의 기계성

이협 ( Lee¸ Hyub ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.1

This article is an attempt to analyze the mechanical factors of a few primitive bodies in “The Death of the Ankou” and “Brotcotnaz” by Wyndham Lewis. Ludo and Brotcotnaz as marginalized Others are ambivalently both primitive and mechanical. Ludo is a blind beggar modeled on a beggar Lewis saw in Brittany, the French region of Otherness. Kerr-Orr the narrator mistakes Ludo for Ankou, a god of death. While making a Celtic sound, a signal of primitiveness combined with marginality, Ludo behaves like a shell-shocked soldier in World War I. The shell-shock marks the apogee of the mechanizing trend of the early 20th century. Ludo is the embodiment of the primitive and the mechanical. Lewis had antipathy to the war. Brotcotnaz's wife Julie, who is often drunk, is compared to an animal. As a primitive body compared to animals and faun also, Brotcotnaz a fisherman is a grotesque character. As a violent man beating Julie, Brotcotnaz is aggressive. He performs traditional Breton dances, which are associated with both the primitive and mechanical. Exerting an influence upon an audience, his performance is carnivalesque. Brotcotnaz’s eyes are a channel through which his wilderness resonates. The Brotcotnazs are This article is an attempt to analyze the mechanical factors of a few primitive bodies in “The Death of the Ankou” and “Brotcotnaz” by Wyndham Lewis. Ludo and Brotcotnaz as marginalized Others are ambivalently both primitive and mechanical. Ludo is a blind beggar modeled on a beggar Lewis saw in Brittany, the French region of Otherness. Kerr-Orr the narrator mistakes Ludo for Ankou, a god of death. While making a Celtic sound, a signal of primitiveness combined with marginality, Ludo behaves like a shell-shocked soldier in World War I. The shell-shock marks the apogee of the mechanizing trend of the early 20th century. Ludo is the embodiment of the primitive and the mechanical. Lewis had antipathy to the war. Brotcotnaz's wife Julie, who is often drunk, is compared to an animal. As a primitive body compared to animals and faun also, Brotcotnaz a fisherman is a grotesque character. As a violent man beating Julie, Brotcotnaz is aggressive. He performs traditional Breton dances, which are associated with both the primitive and mechanical. Exerting an influence upon an audience, his performance is carnivalesque. Brotcotnaz’s eyes are a channel through which his wilderness resonates. The Brotcotnazs are

The Rum Diary 에서의 미국 주류 언론에 대한 비판

이협 ( Lee¸ Hyub ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2015 영어권문화연구 Vol.8 No.1

The movie The Rum Diary directed by Bruce Robinson is the adaptation of the novel of the same title by Hunter Thompson. The movie fundamentally based on the life of Thompson himself is an homage to the author who died in 2005. The movie realizes the spirit of gonzo journalism conceptualized by Thompson. Gonzo journalism as part of New Journalism is characterized by the refutation of the dominant mainstream journalism and its aligned socio-political system. In line with the counter-hegemonic content, it incorporates various unconventional styles. Paul Kemp as a mouthpiece of Thompson is a freelancer writer working for San Juan Star, a small magazine in Puerto Rico. Edward Lotterman the chief editor epitomizes what Thompson considers to be the predominating corrupt journalism, which is sardonically called the objective journalism. Lotterman does not allow Kemp to deal with ecological and social matters. He subordinates journalism to the market and ideology of capitalism, with which Kemp disagrees. Hal Sanderson a PR consultant asks Kemp to write an article to advocate the building project of resort. Art Zimburger, a retired colonel aligned with Sanderson, is a representative right-wing figure obsessed with McCarthyism. Zimburger absurdly attacks Liberalists in America, which is a satire of the domineering classes and their ideology. The building project representative of the American capitalism fails, and Sanderson quits the relationships with Kemp and Chenault after her rape accident at a night club. As Chenault is an actress type who symbolizes the American Dream, her fate intertwined with that of Kemp implies the failure of pursuing it. In parallel to the break with Sanderson, Lotterman leaves San Juan deceiving the staff of the bankrupt company. With Bob Sala and Moberg, the counter-hegemonic characters, Kemp tries to publicize the corruption of Lotterman. However, the newspaper company’s press machines are sold and thus they fail to do so. Kemp escapes from Puerto Rico and later becomes a respectable journalist back in New York. His experiences are a process of establishing self-identity and thus being reborn as a respectable journalist. This justifies his subsequent refutation of the mainstream journalism.

Multigenerational effects of maternal cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy on sperm counts of F1 and F2 male offspring

Lee, Hye Jeong,Choi, Na Young,Park, Yo Seph,Lee, Seung-Won,Bang, Jin Seok,Lee, Yukyeong,Ryu, Jae-Sung,Choi, Seong-Jin,Lee, Sang-Hyub,Kim, Gwang Soo,Chung, Hyun Woo,Ko, Kisung,Lee, Kyuhong,Ko, Kinarm Elsevier 2018 Reproductive toxicology Vol.78 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Animal models and human studies showed that <I>in utero</I> cigarette smoke exposure decreases sperm counts of offspring. This study used a mouse model to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to cigarette smoke on reproductive systems in F1 and F2 male offspring. Female ICR mice were exposed either to clean air or to cigarette smoke during pregnancy at the post-implantation stage. Epididymal sperm counts were decreased in a cigarette smoke dose–dependent manner in F1 (by 40–60%) and F2 males (by 23–40%) at postnatal day 56. In F1, the seminiferous epithelium heights were lower in the cigarette smoke–exposed groups than in the control group, and these effects were sustained in F2 males. Results suggest that maternal cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy can have a multigenerational adverse effect on sperm counts in male offspring, which is mediated through <I>in utero</I> exposure of fetal germ cells to cigarette smoke.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Maternal cigarette smoke exposure caused low sperm counts of male offspring. </LI> <LI> Seminiferous epithelium heights of male offspring were decreased in the exposed groups. </LI> <LI> Maternal cigarette smoke exposure has a multigenerational adverse effect. </LI> </UL> </P>

Revised Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association for Acute Pancreatitis

Lee Sang Hyub,Choe Jung Wan,Cheon Young Koog,Choi Miyoung,Jung Min Kyu,Jang Dong Kee,Jo Jung Hyun,Lee Jae Min,Kim Eui Joo,Han Sung Yong,Choi Young Hoon,Seo Hyung-Il,Lee Dong Ho,Lee Hong Sik 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.1

Acute pancreatitis can range from a mild, self-limiting disease requiring no more than supportive care, to severe disease with life-threatening complications. With the goal of providing a recommendation framework for clinicians to manage acute pancreatitis, and to contribute to improvements in national health care, the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association (KPBA) established the Korean guidelines for acute pancreatitis management in 2013. However, many challenging issues exist which often lead to differences in clinical practices. In addition, with newly obtained evidence regarding acute pancreatitis, there have been great changes in recent knowledge and information regarding this disorder. Therefore, the KPBA committee underwent an extensive revision of the guidelines. The revised guidelines were developed using the Delphi method, and the main topics of the guidelines include the following: diagnosis, severity assessment, initial treatment, nutritional support, convalescent treatment, and the treatment of local complications and necrotizing pancreatitis. Specific recommendations are presented, along with the evidence levels and recommendation grades.

만성신부전을 동반한 신장의 Oncocytomatosis 1예

이종욱,최현주,한진석,이정상,이창선,김연수,김성권,이서진,안규리,강지향,이공섭,홍종서,황보빈,김승협 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.6

Renal oncocytomas account for approximately 5% of renal parenchymal tumors. Usually it has unilateral solitary oncocytic nodule, but bilateral multifocal renal oncocytomasis is rare. The term renal oncocytoma should be used to characterize a well-differentiated renal epithelial tumor with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm that has benign behavior and favourable progress. Also, multiple oncocytoma distributed diffusely in both kidneys is termed renal oncocytomatosis. Because of the benign nature, multicentricity, possible bilaterality and absence of pathognomonic radiographic features, renal oncocytomas should be considered in differential diagnosis of solid masses, especially renal cell carcinoma. We report a patient with bilaleral multifocal renal oncocytomatosis, who had progressive renal failure. Renal oncocytomatosis was diagnosed pathologically after bilateral nephrectomy.

Rescue monotherapy in lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B: adefovir versus entecavir.

Lee, Jung Min,Kim, Hyung Joon,Park, Jun Yong,Lee, Chun Kyon,Kim, Do Young,Kim, Ja Kyung,Lee, Hyun Woong,Paik, Yong Han,Lee, Kwan Sik,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Chon, Chae Yoon,Hong, Sun Pyo,Nguyen, Tin,Ahn, Sang International Medical Press 2009 ANTIVIRAL THERAPY Vol.14 No.5

<P>BACKGROUND: The efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) or entecavir (ETV) rescue monotherapy has not been directly compared in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with lamivudine (3TC)-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We compared the efficacy of ADV and ETV rescue monotherapy in HBeAg-positive patients with confirmed genotypic 3TC resistance. METHODS: A total of 160 HBeAg-positive patients with confirmed 3TC resistance underwent switch therapy (91 ADV and 59 ETV). Parameters assessed included alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization, HBeAg seroconversion, undetectable serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by PCR (lower detection limit <300 copies/ml), virological breakthrough and initial virological response (IVR) at 3 (IVR-3) and 6 (IVR-6) months. RESULTS: Following 52 weeks of treatment in the ADV and ETV groups, serum HBV DNA became undetectable in 25 (27.5%) and 21 (35.6%; P=0.292) patients, ALT normalization occurred in 67/78 (85.9%) and 43/47 (91.5%; P=0.351), HBeAg seroconversion in 4 (4.4%) and 1 (1.7%; P=1.000), IVR-3 in 19 (20.9%) and 18 (30.5%), IVR-6 in 40 (44.0%) and 25 (42.4%) and virological breakthrough in 2 (2.2%) and 1 (1.7%; P=1.000) patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ADV and ETV revealed comparable efficacy after 52 weeks of treatment in HBeAg-positive patients with 3TC resistance. Undetectable HBV DNA in serum following 52 weeks of treatment was predictable with IVR-3 and IVR-6 in both groups.</P>

The Role of CDX2 in Intestinal Metaplasia Evaluated Using Immunohistochemistry

Lee, Byoung Hwan,Kim, Nayoung,Lee, Hye Seung,Kang, Jung Mook,Park, Hyun Kyung,Jo, Hyun Jun,Shin, Cheol Min,Lee, Sang Hyub,Park, Young Soo,Hwang, Jin Hyeok,Kim, Jin-Wook,Jeong, Sook-Hyang,Lee, Dong Ho The Korean Society of Gastroenterology; the Korean 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.1

<P><B>Background/Aims</B></P><P>Intestinal metaplasia (IM) has been regarded as a premalignant condition. This study evaluated the role of the transforming factor CDX2 according to the severity and type of IM.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>This analysis was performed on 383 subjects with IM in the antrum and/or body, with diagnoses that were categorized as controls, dysplasias, and gastric cancers. The IM grades were classified into four groups as negative, mild, moderate or severe using the updated Sydney scoring system. The IM subtypes were categorized as type I, type II, and type III using high iron diamine and alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining. The CDX2 expression in the IM foci was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in specimens from the antrum and/or body.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>CDX2 expression increased according to IM severity (p=0.001) but was not associated with the IM subtype (p=0.881) in the antrum specimens. Similarly, CDX2 expression increased according to the IM grade (p=0.001) but was not associated with the IM subtype (p=0.755) in the body specimens. CDX2 expression was also increased according to baseline disease in the antrum, especially dysplastic and GC group (p=0.003), but not in the body (p=0.582). However, status of <I>Helicobacter pylori</I> infection was not associated with CDX2 expression in the antrum (p=0.692) and body (p=0.271).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These results show that CDX2 expression is associated with the IM grade regardless of the IM subtype and that it was more frequent in the dysplasia group. These results suggest that CDX2 expression might play an important role in the progression of IM in various environments that can affect neoplastic change.</P>

Prospective, Randomized Safety Assessment of Long- Term Therapy With Entecavir or Other Nucleos(t)ide Analogues in Korean Patients with Chronic HBV Infection

( Changhyeong Lee ),( Joung-il Lee ),( Kwang-hyub Han ),( Sang- Young Han ),( Jeong Heo ),( Kwan Sik Lee ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( June Sung Lee ),( Kyungha Yu ),( Alexandra Thiry ),( Elizabeth Cooney ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: REALM was a prospective, randomized, open-label, observational study, conducted to assess rates of long-term clinical outcomes in patients with CHB who were treated with entecavir (ETV) or other standard-of-care HBV nucleos(t)ide analogues (nuc). Korean sub-analysis was conducted to investigate any significant differences on clinical outcomes and safety profiles in Korean subjects. Methods: Treatment-naive or -experienced Korean patients with CHB were randomly assigned (1:1) to monotherapy with ETV (0.5 mg or 1.0 mg once daily per product label) or a non- ETV nuc (specific agent investigator-selected) and followed for ≤10 years. Clinical outcome events (COEs) were reported by investigators, reviewed and adjudicated by an Events Adjudication Committee (EAC). Primary endpoints were rates of adjudicated COEs including 1) malignant neoplasms (composite of non-hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] and HCC); 2) liver-related HBV disease progression (composite of non-HCC HBV disease progression, HCC, and liver-related death); and 3) all-cause death. Secondary endpoints were adjudicated COE rates of non-HCC malignant neoplasms, HCC, and liver-related death. An exploratory endpoint was the adjudicated COE rate of non- HCC HBV disease progression. Treatment-related serious adverse events (SAEs) were also assessed. Results: Patients were randomized and treated to receive ETV (n=1243) or non-ETV (n=1239). Overall, at baseline, 63% were HBeAg+ and 37% had cirrhosis.. Mean time on study was 91 (ETV) and 86 (non-ETV) months. There were no statistically significant differences in COE rates between treatment groups (Table). Results were consistent in baseline subgroups. Treatment-related SAEs that were not protocol-defined COEs were reported in 2 (0.2%) ETV and 26 (2.1%) non-ETV patients, with spectra as expected. Conclusions: This large, long-term study found no statistically significant differences in COE rates between Korean patients randomized to ETV vs non-ETV nuc monotherapy, and the results of Korean sub-analysis were consistent with the results from entire REALM study subjects. SAEs were uncommon al-though higher in the non-ETV group.

Demonstration of RSOA-Based 20 Gb/s Linear Bus WDM-PON with Simple Optical Add-Drop Node Structure

Han-Hyub Lee,Seung-Hyun Cho,Eun-Gu Lee,Sang-Soo Lee 한국전자통신연구원 2010 ETRI Journal Vol.32 No.2

We demonstrate a linear bus wavelength-reused gigabit wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) with multiple optical add-drop nodes. A commercially available reflective semiconductor optical amplifier-based WDM-PON has a sufficient power budget to provide multiple optical add/drop nodes in 16 WDM channels. Sixteen 1.25 Gb/s WDM channels are successfully transmitted over 20 km of single-mode fiber with four optical add/drop multiplexers, even with 32 dB reflection and chromatic dispersion in the link.

HBV : O-037 ; A nationwide seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus in 2009, Korea

( Byung Seok Lee ),( Yong Kyun Cho ),( In Hee Kim ),( Sook-Hyang Jeong ),( Do Young Kim ),( Joon Hyeok Lee ),( Young-Joo Jin ),( Don Lee ),( Dong Jin Suh ),( Kwang-Hyub Han ),( Sun Jae Lee ),( Kyung-A 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1

Background/Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular ADAM17 gene was more increased in CD133+ cells than CD133- cells treated with g-irradiation. In addition CD133+ cells from radiation exposure were consistently expressed higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor by Multiplex cytokine analysis. After irradiation, CD133+ cells migrated more actively, and showed an increased invasion rate compared to CD133- cell. Gelatin zymography showed that MMP-2, -9 expressions are significantly higher in CD133+ cells. Furthermore, shADAM17CD133+ cells reduced migration activity after g-irradiation exposure. Conclusions: These results suggest that CD133+ cells have more metastatic capacity than CD133- cells after treating irradiation. These data further suggest that molecular therapeutic inhibition of cell migration and invasion through ADAM17 suppression may represent a new approach for improving the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy for HCC. This work was funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2011-0027071).