클럽 샤프트(Club Shaft) 특성에 따른 골프 스윙(Golf Swing)동작 분석

김성일,김기형,김형수,이현섭,김진욱,안찬규,김희진 한국운동역학회 2002 한국운동역학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 클럽 샤프트의 대표적인 재질인 그라파이트(graphite)의 유연한(flexible) 클럽 샤프트(club shaft)의 특성에 따라 피험자가 운동학적(kinematics) 요인이 되는 관절의 각변위, 각속도, 각가속도, 클럽헤드의 속도와 가속도와 같은 변인들이 어떻게 적응하는지 비교 분석하여 보다 효율적인 드라이버 선택에 도움을 주며 샤프트 특성에 따른 신체관절의 움직임에 대한 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 고속 카메라 2대의 속도는 500fps로 하였고 각 regylar,stiff, x-stiff, 자신의 클럽을 포함 각 4개의 클럽을 사용하여 각 클럽당 3번씩 촬영하였으며 목표방향에서 20m이상 벗어나는 경우의 촬영은 다시 촬영하였다. 본 연구에서는 디지타이징(digitizing)을 신체 9개 마커는 강체로 가정된 클럽과 신체분절 모델로 정의하였으며 2 대의 카메라(500fps)로부터 얻은 avi화일을 컴퓨터에 저장하고 자료로부터 Butterworth 6th order recursive digital filter를 사용하여 1차 자료를 smoothing 하고 DLT를 이용하여 3차원 좌표를 구성하도록 한다. 좌표값을 얻기 위하여 kwon3d v3.0을 이용하였다. 본 실험은 피험자 스스로 클럽의 특성에 따라 스윙의 속도를 달리 하기 때문에 스윙의 시간이 달라지며 어느 정도 클럽이 강성에 따라 스윙시간이 빨라지는 결과로 나타났다. 이것은 피험자가 샤프트가 강성(stiffness)에 따라 스윙 속도를 빨리 하게 되는 원인이 되는 것으로 생각된다. 어깨의 각변위는 클럽이 regular의 경우 임팩트에서 각속도를 계속 유지하고 있으며 stiff, x-stiff의 경우에는 어깨의 움직임이 임팩트에서 급격하게 감소되는 것을 알 수 있다. 이것은 팔의 동작과 클럽의 힘을 크게 하기 위한 동작으로 생각된다. 어깨 각속도는 클럽이 stiff할수록 각속도가 큰 감속하는 것으로 나타났다. 손목속도는 regular 클럽의 경우 손목의 감속이 늦게 되고 임팩트에서 손목의 감속이 적게 하는 것으로 나타났으며 stiff와 x-stiff의 클럽에서 임팩트 시에 순간적인 감가속으로 인해 클럽의 속도를 증가시키고 있다. 임팩트 시에 손목의 감가속은 클럽헤드의 임팩트 시 속도를 증가시키는 결과를 보였다. 클럽헤드는 regular 클럽이 임팩트전에는 속도 증가가 커지는 결과와 일치된 결과를 보이고 있다. The purpose of this study was to find the rational method to analyze golf swing with specific property of club shaft. Three subjects were filmed by two high speed digital cameras with 500fps. The phase analyzed was downswing of each subject. The three-dimensional coordinates of the anatomical landmarks were obtained with motion analysis system Kwon3d 3.0 version and smoothed by lowpass digital filter with cutoff frequency 6Hz. From these data, kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated using Matlab(ver 5.0) The variables for this study were angular velocity and accelerations, which were calculated and following conclusions have been made : 1) Golf swing time of stiff club is faster than that of regular club. 2) In shoulder joint motion of swing with the stiff club, x-stiff showed mort rapid negative acceleration than that of regular club. 3) In regular club, the velocity of club head would be more effective velocity, which was increasing, than those of other clubs before impact. 4) In wrist joint motion of swing with stiff club, x-stiff club showed faster than regular club in the downswing and impact more rapid negative acceleration.

Application of Artificial Insemination Technology for Dairy Breeding in Mongolia

Hyun‐Tae Jo,Jong‐In Jin,Seong‐Su Kim,Byung‐Hyun Choi,Tumor Baldan,Jung‐Gyu Lee,Yun‐Shik Kim,Sam‐Churl Kim,Il‐Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

This study was focused on improvement of milk production in Mongolia dairy industry by artificial insemination (AI) technology, of which was supported from ODA project of KOICA in Republic of Korea. The study was started from January 2009 to present and 3rd years in this year. So, all data, especially synchronization and pregnancy of dairy cows (Holstein) will be summarized in final result in this year. For synchronization, total 81 dairy cows selected from 4 private farms that were 38, 30, 8 and 5 in Undarmal milk, Onjin (Enkhbayer), Jargalant, and BRM School, respectively. All the dairy cows were injected intramuscular (IM) of 5 ml PGF2α in the vulva and detected estrus 2 to 3 days after PGF2α injection. Total 78 out of 81 dairy cows (96.3%) were detected estrus by only 1 time injection of PGF2α. The dairy cows that were induced estrus, inseminated with 0.5 ml dairy frozen semen by conventional AI techniques. The pregnancy diagnosis of the AI dairy cows was detected by uterus palpation after 60 days of insemination. Total 75 from 78 inseminated dairy cows (90.1%) were diagnosis pregnant. The estrus induction and pregnant rate were very effective using PGF2α injection and conventional AI techniques in Mongolia dairy cow. The results indicated that AI after estrus induction in Mongolia dairy cows could be applied to dairy breeding technology to improve the breeding efficiency and milk production.

동종 골수이식 후 만성 이식편대숙주질환과 동반되어 신증후군으로 발현된 IgA 신병증 1예

정철권,김현수,박준성,정성현,조도연,최진혁,남동기,임호영,김명성,신규태,임현이,김효철 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1999 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.4 No.2

동종 골수이식 후 발생하는 신기능부전은 원인이 다양하여 감별에 어려움이 있다. 만성 GVHD는 흉선의 기능저하에 따른 면역관용의 실패로 발생되는 자가면역현상에 의해 발생되는 것으로 알려져 있으며 드물게 신장을 침범하여 신증후군을 일으키기도 한다. CaA의 용량을 줄이거나 투약중지 후 발생한 만성 GVHD에 동반된 신증후군의 경우 조기에 신조직검사를 시행하여 감별진단하고 CsA의 용량을 증량하거나 재투약하여 좋은 치료 결과를 보일 것으로 기대된다. 저자들은 문헌고찰을 통해 동종 골수이식 후 발생된 신증후군이 유사한 임상양상을 보이며 발생기전에 만성 GVHD와 자가면역현상이 연관되어 있음을 확인하였으며 동종 골수이식 후 신증후군의 임상양상을 보이는 환자에서 병리조직학적으로 lgA 신병증을 진단하고 이러한 lgA 신병증이 발생기전에 만성 GVHD와 자가 면역현상이 연관되어 있을 가능성을 최초로 확인하였으며 CsA를 이용하여 성공적으로 치료한 경험을 하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Renal insufficiency is occasionally encountered in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and its cause is difficult to ascertain. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) related to thymic dysfunction is immune-mediated and involves autoreactivity of T-lymphocytes derived from donor marrow to recipient's major histocompatibility complex(MHC) minor antigens. The clinical mainifestations of chronic GVHD are similar to those of autoimmune disease but kidney involvement is rare. Few cases of nephrotic syndrome with membranous nephropathy or minimal change nephrotic syndrome have been reported to be associated with chronic GVHD in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient especially after cyclosporine A(CsA) withdrawal, and these cases have responded well to CsA. Therefore, it is prudent to differentiate the cause of post-transplant renal insufficiency using renal biopsy and to start CsA in a case of nephrotic syndrome associated with chronic GVHD as early as possible. We report a case who had a massive proteinuria during the post-allogeneic marrow transplantation period. The cause of nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy. The patient was successfully treated with reintroduction of CsA.

한국의 헌법과 법률에서의 체육관련 영역에 관한 연구

김현덕,신현균 한국학교체육학회 2003 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 한국 체육 관련 헌법과 법률은 무엇이 있는가?를 고찰하기 위해 현행 대한민국 헌법과 법률의 법조항과 법조문들을 조사·연구하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 현행 대한민국 헌법과 법률 자료를 모두 수집하여 전문가의 자문과 문헌 고찰 방법을 통하여 체육적 관점의 접근방법으로 개념과 명제의 의미를 분석하고 특성을 찾아내어 체육 관련 헌법과 법률의 법조항과 법조문을 발췌하고 스포츠법의 영역별 분류방법을 활용해서 한국 체육 관련 헌법과 법률을 고찰 하였다. 그래서 본 연구는 다음과 같은 결론을 추출해 낼 수 있었다. 1. 체육 직접 관련 헌법과 법률 대한민국 헌법에서는 체육에 관한 명문의 규정이 없기 때문에 체육 직접 관련 헌법은 없다. 그러나 헌법상 다른 기본권과 헌법적 가치를 공유하기 때문에 다른 중요한 기본권 규정들이 체육을 직접적으로 배제하지 않는 한 해석을 통하여 그 적용이 가능하다고 사료된다. 그리고 운동 관련 법률은 국민체육진흥법과 체육시설의설치·이용에관한법률이고, 경기 관련 법률은 2002년월드컵축구대회지원법과 제14회아시아경기대회지원법 등 각종 국제경기대회 지원법이 있었고, 레크리에이션 관련 법률은 수상레저안전법과 경륜·경정법이다. 2. 체육 간접 관련 헌법과 법률 운동 간접 관련 헌법은 제12조·제21조·제34조·제37조이고, 법률은 개발이익환수에관한법률 외 28개 법률의 법조항과 법조문에 나타나 있다. 경기 간접 관련 헌법은 제15조·제33조이고, 법률은 경범죄처벌법 외 14개 법률의 법조항과 법조문에 포함되어 있다. 레크리에이션 관련 헌법은 제10조·제34조이고, 법률은 공연법 외 16개 법률의 법조항과 법조문이 있다 3. 기타 체육 관련 헌법과 법률 체육교육 관련 헌법은 제31조이고, 법률은 교육기본법 외 14개 법률의 법조항과 법조문에 취급되어 있다 건강 관련 헌법은 제35조·제36조이고, 법률은 공공기관의정보공개에관한법률 외 30개 법률의 법조항과 법조문에 규정되어 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate of appearances, characteristics, and re-classification of constitutional law and statutes of physical education and sport on sport philosophical view in Korea. Therefore, We could fmd out conclusion following; 1. Direct Constitutional Law and Statutes of Physical Education and Sport First, direct constitutional law of physical education and sport was not exist to prescribe of written contract in Constitution of the Republic of Korea. However, constitutional law of physical education and sport is possible to apply through interpretation to not exclude directly other important natural rights because to be common of constitutional value with natural rights. Second, direct statutes of physical education and sport were statutes of exercise and athletics and recreation. Statutes of Exercise were National Sports Promotion Act and Installation and Utilization of Sports Facilities Act, only these statutes interpretate and apply to physical education and sport recently. Statutes of athletics were 2002 FIFA World Cup Support Act and 14th Asian Games Support Act, these statutes have characteristics of purposive and transient and special law. Statutes of recreation were Leisure of Head Waters Safety Act and Bicycle and Motorboat Racing Act, these statutes have characteristics of purpose of business and profit in spite of pure purpose for physical education and sport. Third, characteristics of direct statutes of physical education and sport were policy of purpose·definition plan·promotion·organization·support·cooperation and finance of fund·business·support·management and institution of plan·trade·management·definition·establishment·support·regulation and punishment of fine for default·penal regulation. 2. Indirect Constitutional Law and Statutes of Physical Education and Sport First, indirect constitutional law of exercise has characteristics of freedom·equality·right and exercise as constitutional article 12·21·34·37. Indirect statutes of exercise were Restitution of Development Gains Act and twenty-eight laws. Second, indirect constitutional law of athletics has characteristics of occupation·labor and athletics as constitutional article 15·33. Indirect statutes of athletics were Punishment of Minor Offenses Act and fourteen laws. Third, indirect constitutional law of recreation has characteristics of happiness·welfare and recreation as constitutional article 10·34. Indirect statutes of recreation were Public Performance Act and sixteen laws. Fourth, characteristics of indirect statutes of physical education and sport were policy, finance, institution, and regulation. 3. Beside Constitutional Law and Statutes of Physical Education and Sport First, constitutional law of physical education has characteristics of freedom·equality·duty·education for whole life and physical education as constitutional article 31. Statutes of physical education were Framework Act on Education and fourteen laws. Second, constitutional law of health has characteristics of environment·preservation of health and health as constitutional article 35·36. Statutes of health was Act on Disclosure of Information by Public Agencies and thirty laws. Third, characteristics of beside statutes of physical education and sport were policy, finance, institution, regulation·environment·preservation·insurance. Finally, man or woman of physical education and sport will correspond to law as point of view those so as not to entrust lawful problem of physical education and sport. Specially, We will expect that this study supply to conversion from major of jurisprudence to physical education and sport.

건축공사시방서에서의 KS규격의 국제인증방안에 관한 연구

김경식,이재섭,김용수,이규진,조용훈,최완철,전재열,이현수,구재동,이기환 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this research is make out construction specifications for International Construction. Using off-shore products incur cost increase and longer delivery term of construction. and inconvenient on International Construction. Expand the range of additional local products conforming to performance. Life Cycle Cost. maintainability. operability. user's acceptability, etc.. And this study is suggest the standard formats and the techniques for construction specification.

Fuzzy Controller를 이용한 지능형 정속주행 시뮬레이션

김현덕,추연규 진주산업대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

This paper proposes a design of fuzzy controller for cruise control of vehicle in the straight road. Actually, a vehicle's velocity is described by kinematic of a special invitation and non-linearity. The proposed method of efficient control is based on the primary fuzzy controller for linear acceleration (main controller) and on the secondary fuzzy controller for convenient riding. The simulation was carried out using Matlab by this method.

백혈병 세포를 이용한 종양-림프구 혼합면역반응의 임상적 의의

김희제,조현일,김태규,한훈,김춘추,민우성 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2000 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구는 골수성 백혈병세포와 공여자 유래의 말초 혈액 단핵구를 실험관 내에서 배양하여 백혈병 특이 세포 독성 T 세포를 HLA 일치 형제 공여자로부터 유도하고, 유도된 T 세포의 특성을 규명하여 조혈모세포이식 후의 임상적인 소견과의 연관성을 조사하고자 하였다. 만성기 5례, 가속기 3례, 급성기 2례를 포함하는 10례의 만성 골수성 백혈병 환자들과 1차 완전 관해 상태에 있는 2례의 급성 골수성 백혈병 환자들의 말초혈액에서 수상돌기 세포를 유도하여 항원제시세포로 사용하였다. 백혈병 세포에 대한 세포 독성 T 세포의 효과적인 유도는 급성 골수성 백혈병, 만성 골수성 백혈병의 만성기와 급성기, 가속기의 순서였다. 세포 독성은 세가지 표적 세포인 K562 세포주, 백혈병 세포와 환자의 PHA 자극세포에 대한 세포독성 실험을 통해 세포독성 T 세포에 의한 것인지 또는 자연 살해 세포 (NK 세포)에 의한 것인지 구별할 수 있었다. 세 가지 표적세포에 대한 세포살해는 결과를 종합하여 동종 조혈모 세포이식 후 백혈병의 제발 가능성을 예측할 수 있었다. 즉 세가지 표적세포들 중 한 가지에서라도 양성 반응을 보인 경우 이식편대 백혈병 효과로 인해 백혈병 재발률이 낮았다. 2례의 만성 골수성 백혈병 가속기 환자들에서 유도된 백혈병성 수상돌기 세포들은 세포의 형태학적 소견과 유세포 분석기를 사용한 면역 표현형이 수상돌기 세포와 동일하였으나 이를 이용해 유도한 세포독성 T 세포는 유의한 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로 백혈병 세포에 대한 공여자 기원의 항 백혈병 세포독성 T 세포는 Interleukin-2로 자극하여 실험관내 배양이 가능하며, 이를 통해 질환의 특성이나 백혈병 세포의 생물학적 이질성에 따른 세포 살해능의 다양성을 규명할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Background:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an effective treatment for a large number of patients suffering from malignant hematological disorders. An immune-mediated graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect is an important feature of this treatment modality. Although numerous clinical and experimental data have given evidence for both T and NK cells involved in this phenomenon, leukemic relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mediated by T cells still remain the major problems of allogeneic BMT. In this study, we tried to define the characteristics of anti-leukemic CTLs and to evaluate the clinical implications of the cellular immunity in leukemic patients. Methods:Leukemic cells were incubated concurrently with peripheral mononuclear cells isolated from HLA-matched sibling donors. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been generated from peripheral blood cells of 12 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) including 5 in chronic phase (CP), 3 in accelerated phase (AP), 2 in blastic crisis (BC) and 2 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in first complete remission. The activity of CTLs and NK cells was measured by 51Cr release assay using autologous leukemic cells, K562 cell line and patient's PHA blasts as target cells. Results:The efficacy of generating CTLs against leukemic target cells were AML, CML-CP and CML-BC, CML-AP in order. Low leukemia relapse events was found to be associated with the strong intensity of cytotoxcity for K562 cell lines, and in addition to this, if we combine the cytotoxicity effects for all thee target cells, the possibility of relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) was significantly predictable. Any significant association of the cytotoxicity against three target cells with GVHD was not found. Sex-matching or mismatching between donor and recipient did not affected on the NK cell activity. Conclusion:Our results demonstrated that donor-derived antileukemic cytotoxic T-cells against patient's own leukemic cells are producible in vitro and the activity of CTLs and NK cells may be variable according to disease-specificity or to biological heterogeneity of leukemia. If the specific, stable and reproducible anti-leukemic CTLs could be generated in vitro, these CTL lines could be used for the treatment of relapsed or predictable relapse high-risk leukemia after allogeneic BMT and for post-mini-transplantation immunotherapy in the near future.

안면부 화상 환자에서 천공이개 복합조직 이식술을 이용한 인중재건

김민규,서현호 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.5

The surgical correction of postburn nose and lips deformities still remains a difficult task domain to be done by plastic surgery. Consequently, the performance of autogenous cartilage graft and ear cartilage graft to maintain a better philtral form were found to raise the problem of a defect in the unnatural form due to consecutive tension in the region. Recently, focus had been placed on composite graft, including auricular cartilage, to obtain a unique dimple in the philtrum, and concurrently with this, part of its natural form has been acknowledged. However, composite graft on scar beds with poor circulation on the recipient site dose not represent safe survival, has increased risk allotment, which laeds to difficult application. From Jan. 1992 to Dec. 1998, the authors have experienced auricular composite graft in 15 patients who had a defect on the philtrum due to postburn scar contractures. As types of this operation, in method I, the subcutaneous pocket is made at the midline of the upper lip. The next step is cartilage insertion into subcutaneous tissue. The cartilage graft is fixed to be overlying skin by the bolus sutures. In Method Ⅱ, the recipient site is excavated by some excision of the soft tissue in the central upper lip after scar tissue excision. The obtained auricular skin composite graft is placed and fixed to the philtral area. In Method Ⅲ the auricular skin composite graft is harvested, and 2 or more 2mm-sized multiple holes are made along the midline of cartilage. Then composite graft is fixed to the defects of philtrum. The elongated portion of the distal tip of cartilage is embedded into the vermilion tubercle for sprouting and fullness. The most effective method was Method Ⅲ, which enhanced the survival of auricular cartilage graft and its overlying skin, by trimming the margin of grafts, and enhancement of the connecting vessels through fenestrated holes of cartilage between the recipient site and composite graft. The authors hereby report the results of the present study along with study findings based on literature surveys.

포기/비포기 시간비가 활성슬러지 floc의 특성에 미치는 영향

김강호,문병현,이택순,서규태 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2002 환경연구논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Many researches on SBR(Sequencing batch Biological Reactor) for the removal efficiency of contaminants and effects of operation mode in effluent have been conducted. However, little studies for the characteristic of biological floc affected by operation mode have been made. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect factors on the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in SBR system. And also it is to look for new information on the size and characteristics of biological floc by changed aerobic/anaerobic time ratio. Results shown that the removal efficiency of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus was higher in the operation mode of higher aerobic/anaerobic time ratio. The floc size and fractal dimension produced in higher aerobic/anaerobic time ratio were larger. These result implied that the settling characteristics of floc could be produces in the operation mode of higher aerobic/anaerobic time ratio.

병원경영전략으로서의 H.I.P에 대한 연구

김용우,김현철,최영규 서울보건대학 1995 서울보건대학 부설 병원경영연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Today, the quality of medical care is generally in an upward equalization with the introduction of state-of-the-art medical equipment and with the scale of hospitals becoming bigger, so hospital image stands out as an important differentiating factor among hospitals. Hence, this study focuses on H. 1. P(Hospital Identity Program) from a management strategy aspect. H. 1. P. constitutes a hospital's visual uniformity for the pursuit of differentiation from other hospitals and further acts as an important factor in management rationalization and can be separated into the following three factors: 1) V. I. to unify logo, character, and corporate color, etc. visually 2) M. I. to unify the consciousness of organization's members 3) B. I. to unify their bihavior From the aspect of the above three factors, the function of H. I. P., the subject differentiating it from other hospitals in order to arrive at a hospital's rational management, performance, makes the ideal image showing the hospital's management philosophy and goal intensively. In addition, it is an active and voluntary self-conviction communication method to make hospital personnel, present and potential customers recognize these ideal images uniformly. Therefore in this study, H. I. P. of EUL JI Medical Center was produced actually.