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Lee, Seong Hyun,Kim, Gayoung,Lim, Jung Wook,Lee, Kyu-Seok,Kang, Man Gu Elsevier 2018 Solar energy materials and solar cells Vol.186 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated the thermal stability of multilayered transparent electrodes composed of ZnO:Ga (GZO)/Ag/GZO layers for the application of large-scale perovskite solar cell (PSC) modules, which require a post-annealing temperature of 450 °C. The sheet resistance and transmittance of the GZO/Ag/GZO (50 nm/12 nm/50 nm) electrodes were encouragingly improved by an annealing test with a temperature variation from 25° to 450°C. The optimum value of the sheet resistance was 4.48 Ω/square at an annealing temperature of 450 °C. By a simulation of PSC module performance, we confirmed that PSC modules with our GZO/Ag/GZO multilayered transparent electrodes (4–5 Ω/square) suffer less performance degradation compared to those with conventional FTO transparent electrodes (8–15 Ω/square).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> GZO/Ag/GZO multilayered transparent electrodes are studied. </LI> <LI> A low sheet resistance (< 5 Ω/sq.) and high transmittance (> 85%) are achieved. </LI> <LI> The sheet resistance and transmittance are improved by an annealing test. </LI> <LI> The optimal sheet resistance is 4.48 Ω/sq. at an annealing temperature of 450 °C. </LI> <LI> PSC modules with our GZO/Ag/GZO electrodes suffer less performance degradation. </LI> </UL> </P>
A Study on the Development of a MOOC Design Model
( Gayoung Lee ),( Sunyoung Keum ),( Myungsun Kim ),( Yoomi Choi ),( Ilju Rha ) 한국교육공학회 2016 Educational Technology International Vol.17 No.1
The purpose of this study was to develop a MOOC design model that would improve the current practice of MOOC development in Korea by specifying easy-to-use course development procedures and guiding strategies. Following Richey and Klein (2007)’s conceptual model development procedure, the first step was to perform critical review of relevant literature and observe typical MOOC development processes. As a result, the initial model was developed. The second step was to conduct the expert review with five educational technology and MOOC researchers to secure the internal validity of the model. Based on the experts’ suggestions, the model was revised and once again reviewed by the same experts. This process resulted in the development of the 2nd version of model. The third step was to carry out external validation research in order to test the effectiveness, efficiency, and usability of the model. A basic model may be confirmed or corrected based on examination of its results. Consequently, the model was elaborated as the final model. In the final model, 6 procedural phases and 9 specific steps were included. The six procedural phases are: Analysis (1st Iteration), Design, Development (Course Development), Implementation, Evaluation, and Analysis (2nd Iteration), a slight variation of ADDIE model. The specific steps include: 1) Goal Setting, 2) Environment Analysis, 3) Content Design, 4) Style Design, 5) Course Development, 6) Implementation Plan, 7) Course Implementation, 8) Summative Evaluation, and 9) Need Reflection. The study concluded with suggestions for further research and application of the MOOC design model.
Lee Gayoung,Lee Juyoung,Jeon Ga Won,Jun Yong Hoon 대한소아청소년과학회 2023 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.66 No.1
Background: Although preterm infants often experience desaturation or bradycardia during oral feeding, specific guidelines for its management are lacking.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a commercial thickened formula (TF) on oxygen saturation and heart rate stabilization during oral feeding in preterm infants.Methods: This retrospective study included 122 infants born at a median (interquartile range [IQR]) 31<sup>+6</sup> weeks (29<sup>+4</sup> −34<sup>+6</sup> weeks) of gestation weighing 1,725 g (1,353–2,620 g) and fed commercial cornstarch-containing TF due to feeding-associated desaturation or bradycardia. We excluded infants fed TF to treat symptomatic regurgitation. Desaturation and bradycardia events were compared between 3 days prior to the change and 3 days after the change to TF. Desaturation and bradycardia were defined as SpO<sub>2</sub> <85% and heart rate <100 beats/min during or immediately after oral bottle feeding, respectively.Results: The median (IQR) postmenstrual age and weight were 36<sup>+1</sup> weeks (34<sup>+6</sup>–38<sup>+0</sup> weeks) and 2,395 g (2,160–2,780 g), respectively, at the time of change to TF. The frequency of desaturation significantly decreased after TF feeding (median [IQR]: 2.3 [1.3–3.3] events/day vs. 0.3 [0–1.7] events/day, <i>P</i>< 0.001). Bradycardia also decreased after TF feeding (0.3 [0–1] events/day vs. 0 [0–0.7] events/day, <i>P</i>=0.006). There were no cases of diarrhea or electrolyte abnormalities after TF feeding. Defecation frequency decreased (<i>P</i>=0.037), and polyethylene glycol was prescribed to 27% of the TF-fed infants. In a subgroup analysis of 16 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the frequency of desaturation was reduced (2.3 [1.8–3.8] events/day vs. 0.5 [0–1.5] events/day, <i>P</i>=0.042), and weight gain improved (22.5 [3.1–36.3] g/day vs. 41.3 [28.1–55.1] g/day, <i>P</i>=0.019), after TF feeding.Conclusion: TF feeding significantly reduces oral feeding-associated oxygen desaturation and bradycardia in preterm infants. TF may be useful for stabilizing oxygen saturation and heart rate among preterm infants with difficulties in oral feeding.
ELD-Net: An Efficient Deep Learning Architecture for Accurate Saliency Detection
Lee, Gayoung,Tai, Yu-Wing,Kim, Junmo IEEE 2018 IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine Vol.40 No.7
<P>Recent advances in saliency detection have utilized deep learning to obtain high-level features to detect salient regions in scenes. These advances have yielded results superior to those reported in past work, which involved the use of hand-crafted low-level features for saliency detection. In this paper, we propose ELD-Net, a unified deep learning framework for accurate and efficient saliency detection. We show that hand-crafted features can provide complementary information to enhance saliency detection that uses only high-level features. Our method uses both low-level and high-level features for saliency detection. High-level features are extracted using GoogLeNet, and low-level features evaluate the relative importance of a local region using its differences from other regions in an image. The two feature maps are independently encoded by the convolutional and the ReLU layers. The encoded low-level and high-level features are then combined by concatenation and convolution. Finally, a linear fully connected layer is used to evaluate the saliency of a queried region. A full resolution saliency map is obtained by querying the saliency of each local region of an image. Since the high-level features are encoded at low resolution, and the encoded high-level features can be reused for every query region, our ELD-Net is very fast. Our experiments show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art deep learning-based saliency detection methods.</P>
Gayoung Lee,Huryul Lee,엄명헌,강미숙 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.9
To investigate the scattering layer effect of a TiO2 multilayer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), we designed a new DSSC system, assembled with a CdS-TiO2 scattering layer electrode. A high-magnification SEM image exhibited hollyhock-like particles with a width of 1.5-2.0 μm that were aggregated into 10-nm clumps in a hexagonal petal shape. The efficiency was higher in the DSSC assembled with a CdS-TiO2 scattering layer than in the DSSC assembled with TiO2-only layers, due to the decreased resistance in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The short-circuit current density (Jsc) was increased by approximately 7.26% and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) by 2.44% over the 1.0 wt % CdS-TiO2 composite scattering layer and the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) in the maximum peak was also enhanced by about 5.0%, compared to the DSSC assembled without the CdS-TiO2 scattering layer.
Lee, Sang-Guk,Lim, Gayoung,Cho, Sun Young,Suh, Jin-Tae,Lee, Hee Joo,Baek, Sun Kyung,Lee, Woo-In,Yoon, Hwi-Joong,Park, Tae Sung S. Karger AG 2011 Acta haematologica Vol.126 No.3
<P>Abstract</P><P>No abstract available</P><P>Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
Gayoung Lee,강미숙 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.7
A new photocatalytic system using anatase TiO2 loaded onto pyrite FeS2 (FeS2/TiO2) was developed to enhance the production of hydrogen. The FeS2 (3.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 wt-%)/TiO2 particles in SEM photos showed a core/shell structure composed of pyrite FeS2 with a grape-like morphology of length of w1.0 mm and anatase TiO2 of diameter <50 nm. The evolution of H2 by methanol/water (1:1) photo splitting over FeS2/TiO2 in a liquid system was enhanced as compared with that obtained using pure TiO2and FeS2. In particular, 9.8 mmol of H2 gas was produced in 10 h when 0.5 g of a 10.0 wt-% FeS2/TiO2 core/shell composite was used. Hydrogen production was increased by adding KOH electrolyte to 11.2 mmol. On the basis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UVevisible spectra results, this photoactivity of the FeS2/TiO2 composite was attributed to a shorter band gap than those of pure TiO2 and FeS2.