일원철학(一圓哲學)의 마음론과 사상인(四象人)의 마음공부(1) -『정전』 「제2 교의편」을 중심으로-

임병학 ( Lim Byeong-hak ),최구원 ( Choi Ku-won ) 한국동서철학회 2018 동서철학연구 Vol.0 No.88

본 논문은 『동의수세보원』에서 밝히고 있는 사상인의 마음작용을 바탕하여, 일원철학의 『정전』의 마음론으로 사상인의 마음공부에 대하여 고찰하였다. 일원철학과 사상철학은 마음학이라는 공통점을 가지고 있다. 또 『주역』의 음양(陰陽)사상을 근본으로 소태산은 정신개벽을 통해 인간의 종교적 심성과 윤리적 삶을 밝히고, 동무는 인간의 도덕적 마음에 근거한 사상의학(四象醫學)을 창안하였다. 특히 두 철학은 구한말 고통 받는 민중들의 삶을 극복하고자 하는 애민(愛民)의 마음에서 주창된 한국철학이다. 본 논문은 일원철학과 사상철학의 마음학을 융합한 첫 번째 연구로 일원철학의 근본 가르침인 사은과 사요, 그리고 팔조를 중심으로 사상인의 마음공부를 고찰하였다. 먼저 『정전』의 사은은 인의예지(仁義禮智)를 통해 사상인의 마음공부와 연결된다. 인(仁)은 부모은ㆍ의(義)는 법률은ㆍ예(禮)는 동포은ㆍ지(知)는 천지은과 결부되기 때문에 태양인은 법률은을 헤아리고 감사할 줄 아는 마음공부가 필요하며, 소음인은 동포 은혜에 대한 감사하는 마음공부가 있어야 하며, 소양인은 부모에 대한 공경하고 감사하는 마음공부가 필요하며, 태음인은 천지에 대한 감사하는 마음공부가 필요함을 알 수 있다. 또 사요에서 자력 양성은 소양인의 나심(懶心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 되고, 지자 본위는 태양인의 절심(竊心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 되고, 타자녀 교육은 태음인의 치심(侈心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 되고, 공도자 숭배는 소음인의 탈심(奪心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 된다. 다음으로 팔조(八條)의 진행 사조에서 태양인은 모든 것을 이루려고 할 때 마음을 정하는 믿음이 있음이 필요하고, 소음인은 용감하고 굳세게 목표를 향하는 분심(憤心)을 가지는 마음공부가 필요하고, 소양인은 끝까지 목적을 이루게 하는 정성의 마음공부가 필요하고, 태음인은 모르는 것을 지혜롭게 알아내는 의단(疑端)을 가지는 마음공부가 필요한 것이다. 또 사연 사조에서 태음인은 치심이 생겨서 결정하지 못하는 불신의 마음이 있고, 소음인은 탈심하는 마음이 생겨서 모든 것을 자기 식대로 왜곡하려는 어리석음이 있고, 소양인은 게으름의 마음인 나심이 있고, 태양인은 모든 것을 탐하려는 탐욕심이 있기 때문에 이를 제거하는 마음공부가 필요함을 알 수 있다. This study is about the mind practice of Sasangin from the scriptures of Won-Buddhism of Il-Won Philosophy based on the mental factors of Sasangin that are determined in Donguisusebowon. Il-Won Philosophy and Sasang-philosophy have a common point in mind practice. Based on the Yin and Yang concept of Itching, Sotaesan (少太山) has revealed the religious mentality and ethical life of the human being through psychological creation, while Dongmoo (東武) invented Sasang medicine based on humanity’s moral mind. In particular, these two philosophies are Korean philosophies originated from the mind of love that seeks to help people to overcome the suffering of life. This thesis is the first attempt to integrate the Il-Won Philosophy and the Sasang philosophy. It examines the mind practice of Sasangin centering on The Fourfold Graces, The Four Essentials and The Eight Articles which are the basic teachings of the Il-Won Philosophy. First, The Fourfold Graces of Jungjeon are connected to the mind study of Sasangin through In-ui-ye-ji. Because the In is related to the grace of parents, the Ui colligates the grace of laws, Ye is coupled with the grace of fellow beings and Ji is connected to the grace of heaven and earth. So Taeyangin needs to study mind practice to know the grace of laws and appreciate them. Soeumin must do mind practice to appreciate the grace of fellow beings and Soyangin needs to perform mind practice about respect and gratitude for one’s parents. We can know that Taeeumin needs to improve the mind that expresses gratitude for heaven and earth. In the four Essentials, ‘The Developing Self-Power’ is a way to overcome the lazy mind of Soyangin. ‘The Primacy of the Wise’ becomes a way of the self-discipline of the mind to overcome the greedy mind of Taeyangin. ‘Educating Others’ Children’ is a great method of mind practice which overcomes the extravagant mind of Taeeumin. ‘Venerating the Public-Spirited’ is a way of mind practice that overcomes the dogmatism(奪心) of Soeumin. Next, in the proceedings of The Eight Articles(八條), Taeyangin needs to have the faith that sets the mind when trying to accomplish everything; Soeumin needs their mind practice to have zeal, with brave and strong intentions toward their goals; Soyangin needs to polish up the heart until the end to achieve the goal; and Taeumin has to discipline the mind with a suspicion of knowing that which he does not know wisely. Taeumin nreuires a mind practice that has doubts arising in one’s mind for knowing wisely what one does not know. In The Four Articles to Forsake, Taeumin has a mind of disbelief that cannot be determined because of indulgence(侈心), Soeumin has a foolish mind to distort everything in his own way because of having dogmatism(奪心), Soyangin has a lazy heart and Taeyangin has the greediness to want for everything, so the four Sasangins need mind practicing to remove these faults.

누가 시의 위기를 말하는가 : 멀티미디어시대에 있어서 시인의 역할

원구식 崇實語文學會 1998 崇實語文 Vol.14 No.-

아리스토텔레스 이후 문학과 역사에 대한 논의는 많은 문학연구가들의 좋은 탐구의 대상이 되어왔다. 역사는 이미 일어났던 일을 다루며 문학은 일어날지도 모를 일을 그린다는 지극히 원론적인 이야기를 떠난다면, 문학과 역사에 대한 논의는 대개 두 가지로 정리할 수 있다. 하나는 문학이 역사의 산물로 그것이 속한 시대와 사회를 벗어날 수 없다는 것이며, 또 다른 하나는 그럼에도 불구하고 위대한 문학은 그 시대에만 읽히는 것이 아니라 시대를 초월하여 읽힌다는 초월성이다.

콘크리트 鋪裝의 初期計測을 통한 初期擧動 特性分析

정원경,김동호,권혁찬,윤경구 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 産業技術硏究 Vol.23 No.A

The purpose of this paper is to analysis of initial behavior of concrete pavement with initial measurement strain gauge for concrete pavement at field, and to investigate the field test results for field applicability testing. The early-age behaviors of concrete pavement slabs were measured using the strain gauges. From the slab depths and positions, the outputs from each gauges were recorded at initial curing period The initial measurement of concrete pavement and check of crack at the joint were performed. the results could be summarized as follows. From the results of concrete strength, compressive strength and flexural strength were showed 271kgf/㎝', 43kgf/㎝' respectively. From the tests of early-age strain measurement, it was found that the strain varied at the maximum value of 150μ ε and early1 behavior of concrete slab was showed a tensile strain However. for long-term was showed a compressive strain due to dry-shrinkage.

폴리비닐 슬폰산-디비닐벤젠의 합성과 이온교환성질에 관한 연구

서구원,윤종태,맹기석 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1988 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.3 No.1

Radical copolymerization of the complexed vinylacetate-divinyl benzene initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile was carried out in toluene at 98℃ for 7hours. Polyvinylalcohol-divinylbenzene resin was prepared by transesterificating vinylacetate-divinylbenzene copolymer with a 1% methanolic sodium hydroxide solution. Sulfonated polyvinylalcohol-divinylbenzene(SPALDVB) was prepared by sulfonating vinylalcohol-divinylbenzene resin with conc-sulfuric acid. The composition of each synthetic resin were identified by means of infrared adsorption spectroscopy. 1) SPVALDVB possess exchange capacity of 7.8 meq/g. 2) Adsorption of SPVALDVB were increased when pH is increased. 3) The determination of the distribution coefficient was carried out in 0.1-1.0 N hydrochloric acid solution containing 20-90% of the ethanol, ethylene-glycol. Increasing hydrochloric acid concentration, Kd is decreased. 4) The separation of Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ)ion is possible in 40% ethanol with 0.5N hydrochloric acid mixture.

콘크리트 공극 분석을 위한 평면간격계수의 제안

정원경,최성용,김성환,윤경구 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.A

Air void systems in hardened concrete has an important influence on concrete durability such as freeze-thaw resistance, water permeability, surface scaling resistance. Linear traverse method and point count method described at ASTM are the routine analysis of the air void system that have been widely used to estimate the spacing factor in hardened concrete. Recently, many concretes often have a spacing factor higher than the generally accepted 200-250㎛ limit for the usual range of air contents. This study is proposed to estimate the plane spacing factor by calculation of simplicity. The plane spacing factor need two parameters that are air content and numbers of air voids in the hardened concrete. Those obtained from the standard air-void system analysis of the ASTM C 457. The equation is valid for all values of paste-to-air ratio because the estimation of paste content is unnecessary at the using ASTM C 457. The plane spacing factor yields a similar estimate of the standard spacing factor.

IL-4와 다른 여러가지 cytokines이 사람 편도 단핵세포의 IgE 생산에 미치는 영향

이헌구,송원재,하대유 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

The present study was desinged to compare IgE producing ability of cultured human tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMNC) stimulated by rhIL-4 between complete Iscove's modified Dulbeco's medium (C-IMDM, which was composed of IMDM enriched with bovine serum albumin, fetal calf serum, transferrin, insulin, and mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) and RPMI-1640 supplemented with FCS (RPMI-1640), as well as to investigate a single or combined effects of IL-4 and 7 different human cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, TNF-a, IFN- 7' and TGF-fi ) in a culture system on IgE production of human TMNC. It was found that C-IMDM was superior to RPMI 1640 as a culture medium for supporting the synthesis of IgE by TMNC stimulated with rhIL-4. In fact, RPMI-1640 failed to induce significant IgE synthesis by TMNC cultured for 21 days in the presence of rhlL-4 (100 U / ml). In addition, 7 different cytokines other than IL-4 failed to induce the significant IgE synthesis by TMNC cultured in C-IMDM when tested alone. However, IL-2 or IL-6, which was ineffective in inducing IgE production when tested alone, enhanced IL-4-mediated IgE production, indicating - that IL-2 or IL-6 acts synergistically with IL-4. In contrast, IFN- Y . or TGF-J1 demonstrated the inhibition of IL-4 dependent IgE synthesis by TMNC. Interestingly, IL-5, IL-7 and TNF-a had no modulatory effect on the IL-4 dependent IgE response in the applied experimental conditions. Taken together, the present results strongly suggested that 1) C-IMDM may be superior to RPMI-1640 as a culture _medium for IgE production, 2) Only IL-4 had the ability to stimulate in vitro with IgE synthesis by TMNC when tested alone. 3) IL-2 and IL-6 may be synergistic with IL-4 in IgE synthesis, 4) IFN- F and TGF-P may have the antagonistic effects on IL-4 dependent IgE synthesis and 5) IL-5, IL-7 and TNF-a may have no modulatory effects. This study also suggested that increased insight into various mechanisms of IgE regulation by cytokines may eventually lead to improve therapeutic strategies in the clinical management of IgE-mediated allergy.

Fine-Blanking시 전단 단계별 변형 거동에 관한 연구

이종구,박원규 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.11 No.4

One characteristic of Fine-Blanking is that the size and the direction of stress and strain are very complex in the plastic flow according to the condition of blanking. Especially, they are affected by the clearance of punch and die, by the force of blanking holder and by the force of counter punch. The purpose of this research is to know the deformation behavior in shear zone more clearly, based on Green & Cauch's large deformation theory. The deformation behavior and cracks were investigated in each step of shear, according to punch penetration increase, the use V-indenter ring the hardness of materials. This research found that the transforming behavior was the same as pure discretion, and the cracks could be prevented when hardness is low.

압축강도 평가를 위한 지능형 응력예측기 구축

박원규,우영환,이종구,윤인식 한국공작기계학회 2001 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.10 No.6

This work is concerned with construction of the intelligence stress predictor for compression strength evaluation using neural network-ultrasonic waves. The contact pressure in jointed plates was measured by using ultrasonic technique. Neural network is used to evaluate and predict contact pressure from the results of the calibration curves. The organized neural system was learned with the accuracy of 99%, as a result of learning the ultrasonic echo ratio to the contact pressure measurement between SM45C and STS410 materials. And it could be evaluated and predicted with the accuracy of 90% in the evaluation of ultrasonic echo ratio difference in the same surface roughness and contact pressure, and 85% in the prediction of virtual ultrasonic echo ratio. Thus the proposed stress predictor is very useful for the evaluation and prediction of the contract pressure between SM45C and STS410 materials.

라덱스 혼입률에 따른 철근콘크리트의 휨파괴 거동특성

정원경,김동호,이주형,임홍범,윤경구 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2002 産業技術硏究 Vol.22 No.A

Reinforced concrete(R/C) is commonly used to structures because they have many merits that compressive strength, economy and so on. However, reinforced concrete has a crack at the tensile section which is due to the relatively lower tensile strength than its compressive strength. Latex modified concrete(LMC) has higher tensile and flexural strength than the ordinary portland cement, due to the interconnections of hydrated cement and aggregates by a film of latex particles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beam with latex modified concrete, having the main experimental variables such as concrete types(ordinary portland cement concrete, latex modified concrete), latex contents(0%, 15%), flexural steel ratios(0.012, 0.0235), and with/without shear reinforcement. The beam of LMC showed considerably higher initial cracking loads and ductility than that of OPC, but, similar to ultimate strength and deflection. This might be attributed to the interlocking of hydrated cement and aggregates by a film of latex particles, water retention due to hydrophobic, and colloidal properties of the latexes resulting in reduced water evaporation. The beam with latex modified concrete could be adopted at field for controlling and reducing the tensile crack due to its higher tensile strength.

조직특성과 개인특성이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : Focused on the Government Sponsored Research Institutes(GSRI) 정부출연 연구기관을 중심으로

정범구,오원혜 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2002 경영경제연구 Vol.25 No.1

과학 기술계의 환경이 급변화 함에 따라 정부출연 연구기관의 기능 및 역할의 재정립과 연구개발투자의 효율성의 제고를 위한 논의가 활발히 전개되고 있다. 이에 따라 정부는 여러 가지 정책을 수립하고 시행하고 있지만 이는 전략관리, 조직 및 지원관리, 연구관리 등 공식관리시스템에 영향을 주는 것들이었다. 그보다 정부출연 연구기관의 구성원 한사람 한사람의 태도, 의식, 자신감 등 근본적인 문제를 변화시켜 나가는 것이 중요하다고 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 정부출연 연구기관에 종사하는 구성원들의 업무적인 공적 관리시스템 이외의 업무외적인 자발적 역할외 행동(extra-role behavior)이라 할 수 있는 조직시민행동(Organizational Citizenship Behavior : OCB)에 대해 연구해 보고자 한다. 이를 통해 정부출연 연구기관에 종사하는 모든 개인에게 조직에서 생활하는 자세 등을 긍정적으로 바꿀 수 있는 계기를 마련하고 기관의 관리자인 경영층 입장에서도 조직특성을 어떻게 변화시켜야 조직 구성원들의 개인특성과 조화를 이루어 조직 전체가 이 변화무쌍한 과학기술의 터에서 발전할 수 있는지를 연구하였다.