Enhancement of Aggregation-Induced Emission in Dye-Encapsulating Polymeric Micelles for Bioimaging

Wu, Wen-Chung,Chen, Ching-Yi,Tian, Yanqing,Jang, Sei-Hum,Hong, Yuning,Liu, Yang,Hu, Rongrong,Tang, Ben Zhong,Lee, Yi-Ting,Chen, Chin-Ti,Chen, Wen-Chang,Jen, Alex K.-Y. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.9

<P>Three amphiphilic block copolymers are employed to form polymeric micelles and function as nanocarriers to disperse hydrophobic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) dyes, 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexaphenylsilole (HPS) and/or bis(4-(N-(1-naphthyl) phenylamino)-phenyl)fumaronitrile (NPAFN), into aqueous solution for biological studies. Compared to their virtually non-emissive properties in organic solutions, the fluorescence intensity of these AIE dyes has increased significantly due to the spatial confinement that restricts intramolecular rotation of these dyes and their better compatibility in the hydrophobic core of polymeric micelles. The effect of the chemical structure of micelle cores on the photophysical properties of AIE dyes are investigated, and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the green-emitting donor (HPS) to the red-emitting acceptor (NPAFN) is explored by co-encapsulating this FRET pair in the same micelle core. The highest fluorescence quantum yield (∼62%) could be achieved by encapsulating HPS aggregates in the micelles. Efficient energy transfer (>99%) and high amplification of emission (as high as 8 times) from the NPAFN acceptor could also be achieved by spatially confining the HPS/NPAFN FRET pair in the hydrophobic core of polymeric micelles. These micelles could be successfully internalized into the RAW 264.7 cells to demonstrate high-quality fluorescent images and cell viability due to improved quantum yield and reduced cytotoxicity.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Highly efficient fluorescence probes are achieved through the encapsulation of aggregation-induced emission molecules, 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexaphenylsilole (HPS) and/or bis(4-(N-(1-naphthyl) phenylamino)-phenyl)fumaronitrile (NPAFN) in the core of polymeric micelles. Bright fluorescence cell images are shown with tunable colors of green directly from HPS aggregates and red through efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from HPS aggregates to NPAFN aggregates. <img src='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-9-ADFM200902043-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-9-ADFM200902043-content'> </P>

Separation and Determination of the Volatile Oil of the Parts of the Ginseng Growing on the Ground

(Yun Xiu Sun),(Kun Yuan Mao),(Wen Pu Jang),(Feng Wen Li),(Man Xia Wang),(Wen Min Zhou),(Zong Guang Sun) 고려인삼학회 1990 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean G Vol.- No.-

Exploration of a novel Type II 1D-ZnO nanorods/BiVO4 heterojunction photocatalyst for water depollution

Jang Sen Chang,Yi Wen Phuan,Meng Nan Chong,Joey D. Ocon 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.83 No.-

In this study, we reported on the successful fabrication of a novel heterojunction photocatalyst(in particulate system) with a Type II band alignment between 1D-ZnO nanorods and BiVO4 nanocrystals. Pristine 1D-ZnO nanorods and BiVO4 nanocrystals werefirst fabricated through hydrothermal reactionfollowed by heterojunction formation via the wet chemical reaction. The 1D-ZnO/xBiVO4 heterojunctionphotocatalyst (x = weight ratio of BiVO4 in g) that found optimum when x = 0.08 g was used for thedegradation of salicylic acid (SA) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) resulting in high pseudo-first-order reactionrate constants of 0.0049 min 1 and 0.0132 min 1, respectively. Electrochemical studies proved that the1D-ZnO/0.08BiVO4 heterojunction photocatalyst demonstrated a fast charge mobility and the mostefficient photogenerated charge carriers separation among other heterojunction samples as analysedfrom PL spectra. Besides, UV–vis spectroscopic measurement and optical characterisation showed thatthe improved photoactivity in 1D-ZnO/BiVO4 is attributed to the formation of a Type II heterojunctionstaggered arrangement that enables a broader visible-light harvesting ability. Finally, a postulationphotocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on the theoretical band alignment diagram between the1D-ZnO nanorods and BiVO4 nanocrystals as well as portraying the fundamental charge carriers transferwithin the 1D-ZnO/BiVO4 heterojunction photocatalyst.

On-line Robust Control of a System with Dead Time

Wen-Teng Wu,Yu-Jen Jang 제어로봇시스템학회 1990 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1990 No.10

Synthesis of Novel Polythiol for Plastic Optical Lens and its Ophthalmic Lens

Jang, Dong-Gyu,Roh, Soo-Gyun,Kim, Jong-Hyo,Jin, Wen-Yi,Seo, Jin-Moo,Kwon, Myeong-Ja,Lee, Soo-Min Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.10

Novel polythiol materials of urethane lens series for plastic optical lens were synthesized from polyol materials via thioisouronium of thiourea with c-HCl in refluxing aqueous solution, in which polythiol material was carried out from hydrolysis of thioisouronium by ammonia water. Their structure properties were identified by EA, EI-MS, FT-IR, $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies and TGA. Their ophthalmic lenses as polythiourethane material were prepared by thermal curing to an injected glass mold using the evenly solutions of diisocyanates series (TDI, XDI, HDI or IPDI) with polythiols. Polythiourethane shows that the strong stretching mode for SH group of polythiol disappeared in FT-IR spectra after thermosetting polymerization. Thermal deformation starting temperature of ophthalmic lenses was determined by TMA. Ophthalmic lenses made from characteristic polythiol and diisocyanate series have transparency, colorless and good impact strength, in which thermal resistance and impact strength of ophthalmic lenses were influenced by diisocyanate series. Physical properties of ophthalmic lens have contrast thermal resistance with impact strength. The property of thermal resistance and impact strength for respective ophthalmic lenses was examined by TMA and drop ball test.

Polypyrrole-wrapped halloysite nanocomposite and its rheological response under electric fields

Jang, Dae Sung,Zhang, Wen Ling,Choi, Hyoung Jin Springer-Verlag 2014 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.49 No.20

On-Line Robust Control of a System with Dead Time

Wen Teng Wu,Yu Jen Jang 대한전자공학회 1990 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1990 No.01

Prognostic significance of stromal GREM1 expression in colorectal cancer

Jang, B.G.,Kim, H.S.,Chang, W.Y.,Bae, J.M.,Oh, H.J.,Wen, X.,Jeong, S.,Cho, N.Y.,Kim, W.H.,Kang, G.H. W.B. Saunders Co 2017 Human pathology Vol.62 No.-

<P>Cancer-associated fibroblasts are the dominant cell population in the cancer stroma. Gremlin 1 (GREM1), an antagonist of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway, is expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts in a variety of human cancers. However, its biological significance for cancer patients is largely unknown. We applied RNA in situ hybridization to evaluate the prognostic value of stromal GREM1 expression in a large cohort of 670 colorectal cancers (CRCs). Overall, GREM1 expression in CRCs was lower than that of the matched normal mucosa, and GREM1 expression had a strong positive correlation with BMI1 and inverse correlations with EPHB2 and OLFM4. RNA in situ hybridization localized the GREM expression to smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosa and fibroblasts around crypt bases and in the submucosal space of a normal colon. In various colon polyps, epithelial GREM1 expression was exclusively observed in traditional serrated adenomas. In total, 44% of CRCs were positive for stromal GREM1, which was associated with decreased lymphovascular invasion, a lower cancer stage, and nuclear beta-catenin staining. Stromal GREM1 was significantly associated with improved recurrence-free and overall survival, although it was not found to be an independent prognostic marker in multivariate analyses. In addition, for locally advanced stage II and III CRC, it was associated with better, stage-independent clinical outcomes. In summary, CRCs are frequently accompanied by GERM1-expressing fibroblasts, which are closely associated with low lymphovascular invasion and a better prognosis, suggesting stromal GREM1 as a potential biomarker and possible candidate for targeted therapy in the treatment of CRCs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

A Triple-Band Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Using Two Shunt Right-Handed 4<SUP>th</SUP> -Order Resonators

Wen-Cheng Lai,Sheng-Lyang Jang,Yi-You Liu,Miin-Horng Juang 대한전자공학회 2016 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.16 No.4

A triple-band (TB) oscillator was implemented in the TSMC 0.18 ㎛ 1P6M CMOS process, and it uses a cross-coupled nMOS pair and two shunt 4<SUP>th</SUP> order LC resonators to form a 6<SUP>th</SUP> order resonator with three resonant frequencies. The oscillator uses the varactors for band switching and frequency tuning. The core current and power consumption of the high (middle, low)- band core oscillator are 3.59(3.42, 3.4) ㎃ and 2.4(2.29, 2.28) ㎽, respectively at the dc drain-source bias of 0.67V. The oscillator can generate differential signals in the frequency range of 8.04-8.68 ㎓, 5.82-6.15 ㎓, and 3.68-4.08 ㎓. The die area of the triple-band oscillator is 0.835 × 1.103 ㎟.

중국의 산업의학과 직업성 암의 실태

문용,장서영,이윤정,이상구 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

연구목적 : 중국은 경제 발전 및 산업화의 급속한 진행과 더불어 개인기업체와 새로운 업종의 기업들이 나타나면서 산업활동에 종사하는 근로자 수가 계속 증가하여 2억5천만에 이르고 있다. 노동자의 건강보호와 산업생산성 향상을 위해 국가정책의 중요한 부분을 차지하면서 꾸준히 발전해 왔으며, 오늘날 하나의 독립된 학문으로 발전하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 중국의 산업의학 실태와 체계를 살펴보고 직업성 암 관련 연구의 현황을 고찰하여 문제점을 중심으로 향후 바람직한 발전 방향을 제시함을 목적으로 한다. 연구대상 및 방법 : 본 연구는 기술 역학적인 연구방법을 활용하여 전반적인 중국의 산업의학을 조망하였다. 국가공식 자료인 중국위생연감 및 산업의학 관계 법령 등을 기초로 하여 중국산업의학의 실태와 제도를 알아보았다. 또한 최근 10여년 간의 관련 학술지를 조사하여 직업성 암 관련 연구의 현황에 대하여 조사하고, 이를 기초로 관련 연구기관, 위생국 관리 등의 전문가들과 면담하여 문제점과 발전방향에 대하여 정리하였다. 연구결과 : 중국에서는 산업의학을 노동위생학이라 한다. 노동위생학은 예방의학 영역의 하나의 분과로써 한국에서의 산업위생과 산업의학을 모두 포함하고 있고, 종사자는 대부분 의사들이다. 노동위생학의 기본 목적은 불량한 노동조건에 대한 조사, 평가를 하여 근로자들의 건강을 보호하며 노동생산을 향상시키고 공, 농업생산의 순조로운 발전을 확보하도록 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 위생부와 공업부가 중심이 되어 전국 각 성(省), 시(市), 현(縣)에 4,012개의 衛生防疫站(1997년)과, 46개의 직업병병원(1997년)이 있으며, 일반 종합병원에는 직업병과가 있고, 공장광산기업에는 직원전용병원을 설치하는 등 산업환경측정, 기업에 대한 산업위생감독, 노동자들의 건강검진, 노동능력검증, 임직원훈련 및 홍보교육, 산업역학조사, 치료와 요양, 재활치료까지 모든 업무를 국가에서 직접 관리하고 있다. 또한 "직업병 범위 및 직업병환자 처리방법에 관한 규정"을 제정하여 (1) 직업성 중독, (2) 진폐증, (3) 물리적 요인에의한 직업병, (4) 직업성 피부병, (5) 직업성 전염병, (6) 직업성 안질환, (7) 직업성 이비인후 질병, (8) 직업성 암, (9) 기타 직업병 등에 관한 통계를 매년 발표하면서 이들 질환을 중점 관리하고 있다. 현재 중국에서 역학조사의 결과를 바탕으로 Arsenic and arsenic compounds, Coke production, Chromium compounds, Benzidine, Asbestos, Vinyl chloride, Bischloromethyl ether and chloromethl methyl ether, Benzene 등 8가지 물질로 인한 직업성 암을 인정하고 있다. 토의 및 결론 : 중국의 잘 정비된 산업의학 보고체계와 암에 대한 보고체계에도 불구하고 직업성 암에 대한 통계는 제대로 보고되지 않고 있다. 특히 매년 보고된 직업성 관련질환에서의 중국 위생통계에서 직업성 암만 제외되고 있다. 그 원인은 중국의 산업화가 시작된 시간이 짧아 잠복기가 긴 암 발생의 수가 적은 것과 의사들의 직업성암의 진단능력과 보고 의식이 저하되어 있고 국가가 진단 후 보상에 대한 부담 등 이유 때문이었다. 따라서 산업의학 관련 의사들을 중심으로한 직업성 암에 대한 교육의 강화,전반적인 암보고 체계에서 직업성 암의 보고 항목 추가, 보상자금의 조달 등이 중요 과제로 도출되었다. Objectives : The number of laborer is extended to 250 million in recent two decades along with rapid industrialization and economic development in China. Occupational medicine has developed by national policy for health protection of laborer and increasement of productivity, so it has settled as a part of main sciences. The objectives of this study are evaluation of status and system about Chinese industrial hygiene, review of occupational cancer study and suggestion of improvement strategy. Methods : This study reviewed Chinese occupational medicine as a whole, by descriptive epidemiologic method. Materials for this were China annual statistics of hygiene and relative laws of industrial hygiene as official data. Relative journals for last 10 years are reviewed in order to investigate about occupational cancer research. By use of systematic interview with researcher of industrial hygiene institute and officials, we decide its main problems and suggest several stategies. Results : Occupational medicine is named labor hygiene in China. Labor hygiene is a specific field of preventive medicine and include industrial hygiene and occupational medicine. Labor hygienists are usually medical doctors. The primary goal of Labor hygiene is laborers' health protection, increasement of productivity and industry/agriculture development through investigation of poor condition of labor. In order to achieve this goal, the ministry of health and industry established 4,012district health care center(1997), 46 occupational diseases hospital(1997), occupational disease clinic in a general hospital and firm hospital in the company all over the country. Then government controls all of them directly such as industrial environment measure, company supervision, laborers' medical examination, training, education, epidemiologic study, treatment, recuperation, and rehabilitation. The Ministry of Public Health published annual statistics about (1) occupational poisoning, (2) asbestosis, (3) occupational disease for physical factors, (4) occupational skin diseases, (5) occupational infectious diseases, (6) occupational ocular diseases, (7) occupational ENT diseases, (8) occupational cancer and (9) other occupational diseases. Now, recognized carcinogen in China are 8 substances such as arsenic and arsenic compounds, coke production, chromium compounds, benzidine, asbestos, vinyl chloride, bischloromethyl ether and chloromethyl methyl ether and benzene. Conclusion : In spite of well designed occupational disease and general cancer reporting system, occupational cancer is not properly reported in China. Especially occupational cancer is not included in occupational diseases report on China annual statistics for health. The reasons for under-reporting are suggested that long incubation period of cancer, lack of diagnosis ability and insufficient knowledge for it. Therefore, several strategies are suggested such as enforcement of education for labor hygienist, intensification of secondary medical examination for laborer worked in cancer related environment and regular reporting for occupational cancer in general cancer reporting system.