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      • 羅末麗初 金銅線刻涅槃變相板 硏究

        裵珍達 龍仁大學校 傳統文化硏究所 1998 丹豪文化硏究 Vol.- No.3

        The Ku˘mdongso˘ngakyo˘lbanbyo˘nsangp'an (金銅線刻涅槃變相板, On the Nirva˘na, illustration from Buddhist Su˘tras, engraved on gilt-bronze plate, So˘ngakyo˘lbanp'an(線刻涅槃板) in brief from now on) is a relic purchased by Woohak(宇鶴) Foundation several years ago. In 1988, this relic was treated for preservation by the conservation team of the national Museum of Korea and temporarily exhibited in the room of metal crafts of the museum. I had an opportunity to observe myself this relic because I worked there as an assistant curator of the Fine Art Department in the museum. This relic was remarkable at that time and so has it been until now because it is only one existing example of So˘ngakyo˘lbanp'an on a gilt-bronze plate. However, because of its unclear origin, I has brought in some questions. It is not questionable whether it is true or false, but there is always a question of the production time. The uniqueness of the technique and the fact that it is the only one relic in the shape of pentagon without any other similar examples in Korea are the main points that brought in many questions. When it was exhibited in the National Museum of Korea, some Japanese experts found that the assumed time of production of the relic was put as the Unified Shilla in the card and suggested a question if it is not so much early. I thought that, in spite of those questions, this relic is very valuable for study and joined with heart in the study. I studied the style and form of this relic, analyzed its picture and related su­tras, and investigated its use and its construction background. During the study, there were two important problems, one of which was that there was no other example in Korea which we could analyze in comparison with, the other was that there was some limit in the study of technique because I am not an expert for metal crafts. In spite of all, I reached some conclusions as follows. Firstly, the whole picture expressed in this "So˘ngakyo˘lbanp'an" is related with the description of some su­tras in which Buddha's last history was dramatically written, for example, "Taehanyo˘lbangyo˘ng(大般涅槃經, Maha­parihirva­na-su­tra)" translated by priest Po˘phyo˘n(法經). However, the expression can not be said to follow some specific su­tras, but it is considered one example of expression of the Nirva­na Belief(涅槃信仰) at that time. So, this relic represents a common thought of Yo˘lban in those days. Secondly, this "So˘ngakyo˘lbanp'an" has some distinctive characteristics different from those if India, China or Japan. That is to say, the facts that the 10 disciples are correctly expressed in number and animals in the water, in the field or in the sky are intensively described with one respective representative in the bottom of the picture are the characteristics different form other examples. Thirdly, form the style, this "So˘ngakyo˘lbanp'an" is assumed to have been made during the late 9th century and the early 10th century. This is a high level work using a proper technique of expressing several pictures of different time and the open space technique in a small space. From the style and the carving technique with special gravers, this is thought as a work made during the Unified Shilla and the early Koryo˘ influenced by Tang(唐), China in the early 9th century. Fourthly, this "So˘ngakyo˘lbanp'an" is a form of expression of the sarira Belief(舍利信仰). Assumed by the record of the Kilsangtap stupa(吉祥搭) site of Haeinsa Temple(海印寺)with "So˘kkayo˘raeyo˘lbandonghwasangil(釋迦如來涅槃銅畵像一, one bronze work of Nirva­na)" together with the inscribed year of 895 and the golden coffin decoaration of the sarira ware with 1032 found in the Fushengsi Temple(福勝寺)stupa site of Dengzhou(鄧州). Henan(河南). China, this was also assumed a decoration of a sariraw are or a sariraware itself. And, finally, this "So˘ngakyo˘lbanp'an" reflects an aspect of the phase of the age which the circle of Buddhism faced during Unified Shilla and the early Koryo˘. The main motif of this relic is Nirva­na. However, the image of disciples are fully expressed and the figure of Chokrye(足禮, offering a rite holding Buddha's feet with one's hand) is Ka­'syapa(迦葉), which represent the role or position of the Buddhist priests int the circle of Buddhism at that time. It implies a wish that the religious tradition of Buddhism should ceaselessly continue without end in the time when the earthly situation was changed and the idea prevailed that the religious tradition would come to an end.

      • 영동포도의 유통실태 및 경재력 향상에 관한 연구

        권원달,최동주,정진영 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2000 農業科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

        Yongdong region is semi-mountainous area. The sea levels of Yongdong-gun is around 100∼300m, the annual average temperature is 11.5℃ and the annual average difference of temperature between day and night is 10∼15℃. Thus the weather conditions of Yongdong region was suitable for grape production especially in sweetening and coloring of grape during ripening season. To promote commodity attributes of Yongdong Grape it is needed to introduce grading, standardization, improving packing and using a trade-mark. To open and extend new market it is necessary activating shipping organization, selecting practicalize market supplying marketing information, advertising, and publicizing. There were three grape processing companies in Yongdong-Gun. They were mostly small sized and purchased and used only 877 M/T (2.9% of total production) of grapes as a raw materials. These grape processing companies produced very low added value because they sold there product as OEM, or at consumer market. Present grading and packing system which is managed by individual producer base is needed to introduce cooperative inspection system which units of grape shipping organization or regional cooperatives take part in inspection. Also introducing cooperative recording and accounting system would maximize internal economic effects of marketing. Future scope and function of cooperative grape farm organization of Youngdong-Gun would develop from partial cooperative organization which produce and pack grape by individual base but inspect, ship and trade by cooperative system to whole cooperative organization of which scope and function is expended to common brand of grape and Yongdong-gun level organization. Establishing information and publication's post in Yongdong-Gun building, constructing grape theme park and opening grape festival which is needed to attract tourist are needed to encourage and promote advertisement and publicity of Yongdong Grape.

      • 업무처리과정의 재설계를 위한 모델

        손달호,최무진 啓明大學校 産業經營硏究所 1997 經營經濟 Vol.30 No.2

        사무자동화, MIS구축, 원격통신등의 막대한 정보기술에의 투자에도 불구하고 知識노동자의(Knowledge worker)생산성은 踏步상태였음이 최근 지적되어 왔다. 이러한 맥락에서 업무처리과정의 再設計 (Business Process Redesign·BPR)는 업무를 자동화 이전에 기존의 업무처리방식 및 과정을 심도있게 분석하므로 낭비적인 單位무들을 파악하고, 이러한 불필요한 업무처리과정을 제거하기 위해 적합한 정보기술을 탐색하며, 필요에 따라 職務도 재설계(Job Redesign)하는 새로운 MIS구축戰略 내지 哲學이라고 볼 수 있다. BPR이 처음 소개된 1990년 이후 적지 않은 연구들이 있었다. 그러나 BPR에 관한 대부분의 논문들이 BPR을 위한 사례연구를 기저로 한 개념적指針(conceptual guideline)들을 다루고 있으며, 몇몇 주요 컴퓨터제조업체들이 BPR을 지원하기위한 분석툴(tool)들을 개발하여 사용하고 있을 뿐이다. 그래서 知識노동자들의 업무처리방식및 과정의 構造的 이해를 위한 통찰력(insight)을 제공하고, 분석을 위한 槪念的 틀(frame)을 論하는 논문은 부족했다고 본다. 따라서 본 연구는 각양각색의 업무처리과정을 여덟類型으로 분류할 수 있는 記述的모델(descriptive model)을 제시함과 아울러, 이 모델을 기저로 한 BPR의 3가지 純粹전략을 제시했다. 제시된 모델과 전략들을 기존의 사례에 적용하므로 모델의 적용성 및 유용성을 논했다. Despite a huge amount of investment on office automation, MTS and telecommunication network, the productivity of knowledge workers has been stagnant. Business Process Redesign (BPR) has emerged as a new method or philosophy for developing MIS, with which present business processes can be analized, wasteful works are identified, appropriate infomation technology is identified to streamline the newly designed processes. Since the BPR was introduced in 1990, there are many studies, but most studies have focused on conceptual guidelines based on multiple cases, and some computer manufacturers suggested some analytical tools for BPR. Therefore, a study is needed to provide some insight that can help understanding of the business processes and a framework for analyses. Accordingly, this study proposes a descriptive model that can Identify 8 types of business processes. Then, 3 generic BPR strategies are also suggested. Finally the usefulness and appropriateness of the model are discussed using three cases.

      • 心理的 練習이 籠球 技能向上에 미치는 效果 : Focusing on middle school 中學校 學生을 中心으로

        金達永,金性鎭 公州大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 1991 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.4-5

        This Study was Conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of physical practice, mental practice and combination of practice on the learning of basketball (One-hand-jump shoot) Two hundred forty eight male students - those in the in Middle School-were used as subjects. They were divided into four different groups, those were equated randomly The four treatment Conditions were as follows : 1. The first group <Control-Group> did participate in physical practice only except basket ball 2. The second group did in physical practice (mainly physical practice) 3. The third group did in physical-mental practice by turns (mainly mental practice) 4. The fourth group did in physical-mental practice in rotation (mainly parallelism) The practice period lasted for weeks. The findings were like the following : 1. Physical practice and mental practice in rotation showed significant improvement in basket ball One-hand-Jump shoot 2. Physical practice and Mental Practice by turns hand little effects on the basket ball 3. A low Group showed signigicant improvement rather than a high rank Group

      • 유도선수의 체력 분석 연구

        김종달,김진환 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1998 武道硏究所誌 Vol.9 No.1

        This study aimed to analyze physical strength of 50 Judo players, divided into 2 groups ; A and B. As the result of this study, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. In the physical strength factor for lieht-weight, national good players showed higher level in hand grip strxngth and long-race than general players. 2. In the physical strength factor for middle-weight, national good players showed higher level in hand grip strength, extension, round-race than general player. 3. In heavy-weight, national good players showed higher level in hand grip strenth and sit-up. 4. As the result of this analysis in each weight group, national good players showed significantly higher level in hand grip strength, which is measuring muscular strength, the general players in all weight groups.

      • 변환적ㆍ상통적 리더십이 스포츠 지도자의 지도 효율성에 미치는 영향

        김종달,김진표 용인대학교 무도연구소 2000 武道硏究所誌 Vol.11 No.1

        The Effects of Coaches' Transformational · Transactional Leadership on Coaching Effectiveness The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of coaches' leadership styles on players' satisfaction with leadership and coaching effectiveness. Second, for high school players, two leadership styles' explanatory power of student players' internal satisfaction with leadership was 37.3%, while that of external satisfaction with leadership was 57.8%, And leadership styles and satisfaction with leadership explained 42.5% of the coaching effectiveness. On the other hand, as far as internal satisfaction was concerned, "charisma" and "personal consideration" conditional compensation" and "special management' were found significant. And as far as external satisfaction was concerned, such subcategories as "charisma", "personal consideration" "intellectual stimulation" and "special management" were found significant. For coaching effectiveness, such subcategories as "charisma", "personal consideration", "conditional compensation" and "external satisfaction" were found significant. Third, for college players, two leadership styles' explanatory power of student players' internal satisfaction with leadership was 35.1%, while that of external satisfaction with leadership was 48.8%, And leadership styles and satisfaction with leadership explained 15% of the coaching effectiveness. On the other hand, as far as internal satisfaction was concerned, "charisma" and "personal consideration" were found significant. And as far as external satisfaction was concerned, such subcategories as "charisma" and "special management" were found significant. For coaching effectiveness, such subcategories as "internal satisfaction" and "intellectual stimulation" were found significant. Fourth, for the total student players, two leadership styles' explanatory power of student players' internal satisfaction with leadership was 34.9%, while that of external satisfaction with leadership was 52.6%, And leadership styles and satisfaction with leadership explained 25.3% of the coaching effectiveness, On the other hand, as far as internal satisfaction was concerned, "charisma", "personal consideration", conditional compensation" and "special management' were found significant. And as far as external satisfaction was concerned, such subcategories as "charisma" and "special management" were found significant. For coaching effectiveness, such subcategories as "charisma", "personal consideration", "conditional compensation" and "internal satisfaction" were found significant.

      • 이원분산마크로장방형수지에 의한 파라니트로페놀의 흡착

        손진언,김달한,후루야에이지,조영삼,이성식,야마시타세이치 東亞大學校 大學院 1991 大學院論文集 Vol.16 No.-

        Uptake curves were obtained for p-nitrophenol/XAD-2000 resin system using a shallow-bed method for various concentration ranges at 298.2K. Distilled water was employed as solvent. The values of effective intraparticle diffusivity were detrermined by comparing experimental and theoretical uptake curves. The values obtained for solvent i. e, distilled water system was not dependent on the amount adsorbed in the higher concentration range. Those results shows that, except in the region where there is a low adsorbed amount, and adsorber packed with macrorecticular resin particles can be designed using a traditional pore diffusion model.

      • KCI등재

        컴퓨터보조수업(CAI)이 수학교과 학력신장에 미치는 영향 : 고등학교 「미분ㆍ적분」 단원을 중심으로

        장진원,박달원 한국학교수학회 2000 韓國學校數學會論文集 Vol.3 No.1

        Development of new and highly efficient computer technologies are providing schools and homes with faster and multi-functioning computers, and text-oriented education softwares are now being rapidly replaced by multimedia CAI. There are also increasing needs for computer-literate teachers and more effective CAI materials. The goal of this study is to present effective ways to use computers as teaching aids in mathematics classrooms and how computers affect the students' achievement, interest and attitude in mathematics. Theoretical reviews on learning theories of CAI and multimedia were made before designing teaching plans for mathematics classrooms and the plans were applied to classrooms. The result of this study shows that there is a significant difference in achievement between control group and experimental group, and also indicates that CAI increases the students' interest and altitude in mathematics to a certain extent. Although using computers in classrooms are considered to be more effective in teaching than text-oriented lectures, the number of computers in schools is limited and all the students can not take advantage of individualized drill and practice programs or tutorial programs. One way of various solutions to this problem is developing teaching materials for middle or large sized classes and providing teachers with easy-to-carry notebook computers. And also mathematics teachers should be given more chances to train themselves in developing and using CAI materials.

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