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OPTIMAL TORQUE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR A PARALLEL HYDRAULIC HYBRID VEHICLE
H. SUN,J.-H. JIANG,X. WANG 한국자동차공학회 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.6
The hydraulic hybrid vehicle (HHV) is an application of hydrostatic transmission technology to improve vehicle fuel economy and emissions. A relatively lower energy density of hydraulic accumulator and complicated coordinating operations between two power sources require a special energy management strategy to maximize the fuel saving potential. This paper presents a new type of configuration for parallel HHV to minimize the disadvantages of the hydraulic accumulator, as well as a methodology for developing an energy management strategy tailored specially for PHHV. Based on an analysis of the optimal energy distribution between two power sources over a representative urban driving cycle with a Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm, a fuzzy-based optimal torque management strategy is designed and developed to control the torque distribution. Simulation results demonstrates that the optimal torque management strategy maximizes the advantages of this hybrid type of configuration, and the high power density characteristics of hydraulic technology effectively improve the robustness of the energy management strategy and fuel economy of the PHHV.
Hsun-Hui Tseng 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2015 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.15
Taiwan attracted a considerable number of marriage migrants from Southeast Asia and China through brokers in the late 1990s and early 2000s. With widely circulated, sensational news stories about foreign spouses being abused and advertisements of foreign brides as objects for sale, women involved in the business were gradually seen by the public as victims of transnational marriage brokerage. Under pressure from some women’s groups in Taiwan and the anti-trafficking campaign in the international community, the Taiwanese government eventually banned transnational commercial matchmaking in 2008. This article examines the gender politics behind the ban by reviewing the debate over this policy. It also provides an ethnographic study of women’s power relationships with other parties involved in the marriage business. By exposing the market and cultural logic that made this business blossom, this article challenges the binaries of perpetrator/victim and exploitation/freedom in the dominant representations of the transnational marriage market. It calls for a transnational and transclass perspective to understand these women’s “active submission” to the market and concludes that, without this consideration, the enforcement of the 2008 ban ends up serving only to save the international reputation of the host country and fulfill the liberal middle-class imaginary of moral order of the host society, rather than solving women’s problems per se.
A novel illumination system design for application in the integrated screen 3D display
Chu-Hsun Lin,Chun-Chuan Lin,Hsin-Hsiang Lo,Shuang-Chao Chung,Tian-Yuan Chen,Chy-Lin Wang 한국정보디스플레이학회 2010 Journal of information display Vol.11 No.1
A mini-projector prototype employing a LED light source, a nontelecentric structure, and an LCOS panel for application in the integrated 3D display was fabricated. A seamless image was obtained by tilting an array of mini-projectors. Seamless quality was created by the excellent uniformity of the projection intensity on the mini-projector’s screen, which was simulated as 98.34%. Great uniformity can be realized by optimizing the design of the light source and the optics configuration, which is the key to such realization.
Does attendance to a four-year academic college versus vocational college affect future wages?
Shao-Hsun Keng,Ya-Fen Lo 서울대학교 교육연구소 2011 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.12 No.1
Taiwan is one of the few countries in which bachelor degrees can be earned by attending either 4-year academic colleges or vocational colleges. This paper offers new evidence on whether returns to B.A. degrees are significantly different between academic and vocational 4-year colleges using the 1998-1999 Taiwanese College Graduate Survey. The multinomial logit model is applied to correct self-selection for employment status, and a wage equation is then estimated. The results suggest that the returns to 4-year academic colleges are 6% higher than those to 4-year vocational colleges. We also find a significant effect of college quality on wages. Moreover, public academic college graduates have the highest returns whereas those who attend private vocational colleges have the lowest returns.
Shippers’ Choice Behaviour in Choosing Transport Mode: The Case of South East Asia (SEA) Region
Chia-Hsun CHANG,Vinh V. THAI 한국해운물류학회 2017 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.33 No.4
Using South East Asia as a case study, shippers’ choice of transport modes taking into consideration their economic and environmental impacts was examined in this research. A triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative methods was deployed. First, a quantitative analysis using secondary data was conducted to establish the index score, which includes four quantitative factors (transport distance, cost, time, and CO2 emission), for each transport mode. In addition, in order to examine at what level of the importance weight shippers would change their decision on transport mode, a sensitivity analysis involving the four aforesaid factors was also conducted. Next, an in-depth interview with a major shipper in Singapore was also carried out to qualitatively validate the aforesaid four quantitative factors as well as two additional qualitative factors, namely, customer service and shipper-forwarder relationship in relation to shipper’s choice. The results from this study indicate that shippers might change to the short-sea shipping (SSS) mode when the importance weights of cost and CO2 emission increase, and to trucking mode when the weight of time decreases. It was also found that cost is the most important factor when shippers choose carriers/forwarders, whereas CO2 emission is not an important factor at the current stage. However, if the government imposes financial measures such as fine and/or tax for CO2 emission, shippers would choose eco-friendlier transport modes. This research is the first study considering the environmental issue as one of important factors that influence shippers’ choice behaviour. This research also facilitates managers’ understanding on how shippers may select LSPs taking into account important factors including the environmental consideration.
Interactions in Small-Group, Communication-Oriented, Freshman English Classes
( Min Hsun Chiang ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2005 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.9 No.1
Small group activities were favorably adopted by many ESLIEFL teachers to facilitate second language teaching through more communicative interactions. This study attempts to develop a fuller understanding of small-group, EFL classes by describing the features of interactions between the participants within small groups. Long``s (1983) study supported the notion that the size of the group affects the nature of interactions in the ESL settings. Long (l996) also indicated that negotiation for meaning occurs more frequently as ESL learners engage in small-group work and that negotiation for meaning plays a significant role in second language acquisition. Therefore, this study seeks to gain insights into what actually occurred in small groups, with the aim to maximize the opportunities for successful language teaching. The data were collected via audio and videotapes in two (high V.S. low proficiency) freshman English classes at Tunghai University. Approximately 10 hours of small-group interactions were recorded and transcribed. Research findings showed that both high- and low-level students negotiated for meaning in small groups. Yet, high-level students had more confidence as they negotiated with other group members than low-level ones``. In addition, students at the high-level class did speak English to explain unclear utterances and argue for their position while those at the low-level class seldom did. Some pedagogical implications were suggested for both high and low level EFL students accordingly.
Black Hole along with Other Attacks in MANETs: A Survey
( Fan-hsun Tseng ),( Hua-pei Chiang ),( Han-chieh Chao ) 한국정보처리학회 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.1
Security issue in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a promising research. In 2011, we had accomplished a survey of black hole attacks in MANETs. However network technology is changing with each passing day, a vast number of novel schemes and papers have been proposed and published in recent years. In this paper, we survey the literature on malicious attacks in MANETs published during past 5 years, especially the black hole attack. Black hole attacks are classified into non-cooperative and collaborative black hole attacks. Except black hole attacks, other attacks in MANET are also studied, e.g., wormhole and flooding attacks. In addition, we conceive the open issues and future trends of black hole detection and prevention in MANETs based on the survey results of this paper. We summarize these detection schemes with three systematic comparison tables of non-cooperative black hole, collaborative black hole and other attacks, respectively, for a comprehensive survey of attacks in MANETs.