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Growth of Crack-Free GaN Films on Si(111) Substrates with AlN Buffer Layers
Doek Kyu Kim,Choon Bae Park 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.4
The characteristics of GaN epitaxial layers grown on silicon (111) substrates with AlN buffer layers by using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy were investigated for various values of the buffer layer’s thickness. The AlN thickness was found to decrease the stress sufficiently to avoid crack formation in an overgrown, thick (2.6 μm) GaN layer. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements were used to determine the effect of the AlN thickness on the strain in subsequent GaN layers. For 80-nm-thick AlN, a strong band-edge emission from GaN on Si (111) was observed, and the full width at half maximum of the bound exciton line was as low as 17 meV at 13 K. The 437-arcsec linewidth on the (002) X-ray rocking curve attests to the highly crystalline quality of GaN on Si (111).?
Kim, Jo-Heon,Alam, Morshedul,Park, Doek Bae,Cho, Moonjae,Lee, Seung-Hong,Jeon, You-Jin,Yu, Dae-Yeul,Kim, Tae Du,Kim, Ha Young,Cho, Chung Gu,Lee, Dae Ho The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2013 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.17 No.5
Retinoids regulate not only various cell functions including proliferation and differentiation but also glucose and lipid metabolism. After we observed a marked up-regulation of cellular retinol-binding protein-I (CRBP-I) in the liver of hepatitis B virus x antigen (HBx)-transgenic (HBx Tg) mice which are prone to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and fatty liver, we aimed to evaluate retinoid pathway, including genes for the retinoid physiology, CRBP-I protein expression, and retinoid levels, in the liver of HBx Tg mice. We also assessed the effect of chronic metformin treatment on HCC development in the mice. Many genes involved in hepatic retinoid physiology, including CRBP-I, were altered and the tissue levels of retinol and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were elevated in the liver of HBx Tg mice compared to those of wild type (WT) control mice. CRBP-I protein expression in liver, but not in white adipose tissue, of HBx Tg mice was significantly elevated compared to WT control mice while CRBP-I protein expressions in the liver and WAT of high-fat fed obese and db/db mice were comparable to WT control mice. Chronic treatment of HBx Tg mice with metformin did not affect the incidence of HCC, but slightly increased hepatic CRBP-I level. In conclusion, hepatic CRBP-I level was markedly up-regulated in HCC-prone HBx Tg mice and neither hepatic CRBP-I nor the development of HCC was suppressed by metformin treatment.
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Hae Il Jung,Taesung Ahn,Sang Ho Bae,Jun Chul Chung,Hyungjoo Kim,Susie Chin,Dongjun Jeong,Hyon Doek Cho,Moon Soo Lee,Hyung Chul Kim,Chang Ho Kim,Moo-Jun Baek 대한외과학회 2015 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.88 No.2
Purpose: Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) plays important roles in tumorigenesis such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. We examined the expression of AEG-1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Eighty-five samples were collected from patients with HCC who underwent surgery and were histopathologically confirmed to have HCC. Two independent pathologists, experienced in evaluating immunohistochemistry and blinded to the clinical outcomes of the patients, reviewed all samples. They determined AEG-1 expression semiquantitatively by assessing the percentage of positively stained immunoreactive cells and staining intensity. Clinicopathological data were analyzed in association with prognosis. Results: The association was estimated by univariate and multivariate analyses with Cox regression. Tumor size (hazard ratio [HR], 2.285; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.175?4.447; P = 0.015), microvascular invasion (HR, 6.754; 95% CI, 1.631?27.965; P = 0.008), and AEG-1 expression (HR, 4.756; 95% CI, 1.697?13.329; P = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Those for disease-free survival rate were tumor size (HR, 2.245; 95% CI, 1.282?3.933; P = 0.005) and AEG-1 expression (HR, 1.916; 95% CI, 1.035?3.545; P = 0.038). The cumulative 5-year survival and recurrence rates were 89.2% and 50.0% in the low-expressing group and 24.5% and 82.4% in the high-expressing group, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that AEG-1 overexpression could serve as a valuable prognostic marker in patients with HCC.
Diversity of Fungal Endophytes in Various Tissues of Panax ginseng Meyer Cultivated in Korea
Young-Hwan Park,Soon-Gu Lee,Doek Jong Ahn,Tae Ryong Kwon,Sang Un Park,Hyoun-Sub Lim,Hanhong Bae 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.2
Endophytic fungi were isolated from various tissues (root, stem, petiole, leaf, and fl ower stalk) of 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants (Panax ginseng Meyer) cultivated in Korea. The isolated endophytic fungi were identifi ed based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 1-5.8-ITS 2. A morphological characterization was also conducted using microscopic observations. According to the identification, 127 fungal isolates were assigned to 27 taxa. The genera of Phoma, Alternaria and Colletotrichum were the most frequent isolates, followed by Fusarium, Entrophospora and Xylaria. Although 19 of the 27 taxa were identifi ed at the species level, the remainder were classifi ed at the genus level (6 isolates), phylum level (Ascomycota, 1 isolate), and unknown fungal species (1 isolate). Endophytic fungi of 13 and 19 species were isolated from 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants, respectively, and Phoma radicina and Fusarium solani were the most frequently isolated species colonizing the tissues of the 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants, respectively. The colonization frequency (CF%) was dependant on the age and tissue examined: the CFs of the roots and stems in the 3-year-old ginseng were higher than the CF of tissues in the 4-year-old plants. In contrast, higher CFs were observed in the leaves and petioles of 4-year-old plants, and endophytic fungi in the fl ower stalks were only detected in the 4-year-old plants. In conclusion, we detected diverse endophytic fungi in ginseng plants, which were distributed differently depending on the age and tissue examined.
Diversity of Fungal Endophytes in Various Tissues of Panax ginseng Meyer Cultivated in Korea
Park, Young-Hwan,Lee, Soon-Gu,Ahn, Doek-Jong,Kwon, Tae-Ryong,Park, Sang-Un,Lim, Hyoun-Sub,Bae, Han-Hong The Korean Society of Ginseng 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.2
Endophytic fungi were isolated from various tissues (root, stem, petiole, leaf, and flower stalk) of 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants (Panax ginseng Meyer) cultivated in Korea. The isolated endophytic fungi were identified based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 1-5.8-ITS 2. A morphological characterization was also conducted using microscopic observations. According to the identification, 127 fungal isolates were assigned to 27 taxa. The genera of Phoma, Alternaria and Colletotrichum were the most frequent isolates, followed by Fusarium, Entrophospora and Xylaria. Although 19 of the 27 taxa were identified at the species level, the remainder were classified at the genus level (6 isolates), phylum level (Ascomycota, 1 isolate), and unknown fungal species (1 isolate). Endophytic fungi of 13 and 19 species were isolated from 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants, respectively, and Phoma radicina and Fusarium solani were the most frequently isolated species colonizing the tissues of the 3- and 4-year-old ginseng plants, respectively. The colonization frequency (CF%) was dependant on the age and tissue examined: the CFs of the roots and stems in the 3-year-old ginseng were higher than the CF of tissues in the 4-year-old plants. In contrast, higher CFs were observed in the leaves and petioles of 4-year-old plants, and endophytic fungi in the flower stalks were only detected in the 4-year-old plants. In conclusion, we detected diverse endophytic fungi in ginseng plants, which were distributed differently depending on the age and tissue examined.