관광지 관리의 체계와 기법 연구

장병화 한국관광정보학회 2001 觀光情報硏究 Vol.- No.9

It is very important to conserve recreation areas well through harmony of preservation and use. Regarding the recreation areas in Korea even National Parks, over-crowded use is the biggest outstanding problem and especially congestion by visitors' convergence in spring and autumn is the core of the problem. The purpose of this study is to find out and propose management scheme for visitors' congestion solution. For this, first, theories about system and techniques for recreation areas management were studied, and research cases of inside and outside of the country, surveying and investigating the management of the visitors in recreation areas were synthetically examined. According to the result of investigation, to manage the visitors congestion, it is necessary to introduce the scheme of visitor restriction and for this, Optimal Carrying Capacity of each recreation area should be established in advance. Concerning practical introduction of schemes, reservation system operation founded on booking system beforehand. Enforcing congestion forecast if essential and it should be performed in company with congestion forecast by regular broadcasting media in peak season, operation of national unified information center, operation and construction of farecast system by internet, TIS operation structure.

태권도 경기력 향상을 위한 트레이닝 모델에 관한 연구

尹尙華,柳柄官 龍仁大學校 1995 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study is an attempt to identify a new Taekwondo training method from current general training theory. Taekwondo has become reconsigned through out the world as a modern martial art sports. But the current method of training continuos to rely heavily on traditional training methods. Therefore this research, by using the GAS(general adaption syndrome)theory and periodization method, will seek to establish a new training methodology. For this end we will combined the GAS theory and periodization method to form a new training frame work. Generally speaking, modern training methods rely almost entirely on the individual coach's personal experience. This kinds of method is hardly scientific and ignores the individual player's unique characteristics. So effective training is that which enables the players to execute superior technical actions during the most significant competitions and empowers them wish optimum physical condition. Consequently, taekwondo training methodology must persue a more comprehensive and scientific process of development.

르네상스 미술과 John Donne의 시

鄭炳花 全北大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

The purpose of this study is to grope the interrelation between visual arts of the Renaissance and John Donne's poetry. This kind of interart study begins from the view point that literature and visual arts, as aesthetic expression of the cultural patterns dominant at the period, are likely to share certain thematic and technical qualitis. Part Ⅰ presents theories which can support the background of interart study, Part Ⅱ examines the most remarkable characteristics of the Renaissance. Part Ⅲ explores technical qualities both in the visual arts of the Renaissance and in John Donnes Poems. Part Ⅳ estimates the contribution and the perspective of this kind of study about John Donne.

생리 중 수업태도에 따른 체육수업 기피요인

이병화,김세환 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 2002 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.25

My researching targets are the girls' high school students. The objects of my research are to grope out the improvement course of the effective physical education guidances as examining the avoiding factors closely and classifying, studying and analyzing the attitudes in the physical education classes with two variables - the independent variable, dependent one. The former is the participating attitudes in the study hour under the menstruation. The latter is the main factors such as physical, characteristic, psychological, athletic items and facilities and teacher's factor. The conclusion is as follows. 1. Physical factor- The more active the students are in the class attitude under the menstruation, the more they are influenced by the physical pains, everyday life, schoolwork and physical activities. 2. Characteristic factor - the extrovert students have a tendency to be passive in the studying attitude. 3. Psychological factor - the menstruating students who are participating actively in the class tend to feel much anxiety. 4. Factor of the athletic items - the menstruating students who are participating actively in the class tend to be hindered in the factor of the athletic items and facilities. 5. Teacher factor - the menstruating students who are participating actively in the class would like to go to the nursing room and take part in the light exercises

명상이 중학생의 스트레스에 미치는 영향

이정화,김창환,김병완 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

The purpose of this study is to examine how much effect the Meditation could make on Middle School students' stress and to search the possibility of applying mediation on real education. The subject of this study were randomly assigneed to either experimental group or control group, 20 in each group. The experimental group had five minute meditation five times per week for seven weeks at auditorium their independent study period. At the same time, the control group studied individually. The stress test was done statistically through t-test and analysis of Covariance total points. Based on the above result, the conclusion is as follows: Firstly, the parents, friend, teacher and school, environment related stress in experimental group applying meditation is lower than that in control group. Secondly, home management, learning related stress in experimental group applying meditation had similarly to control group. However, The stress in experimental group applying meditation is lower than that in control group. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the meditation is effective in reducing middle school students' stress a little. For more profound results, I need to study the new training method of the group counseling, the development of new program and the pertinent training of guidance teachers.

전치부 개방교합과 정상교합자의 근활성도에 관한 비교연구

전병화,김광원 대한치과교정학회 1993 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.23 No.1

This study was undertaken to compare the activity of masticatory muscle between normal occlusion and anterior openbite. 33 subjects without the experience of orthodontic treatment, missing teeth and the symptom of T. M. disorders were selected for this study : 25 subjects were normal occlusion and 8 subjects were anterior openbite. The ten items were measured from the cephalometric headplates, and EMG recordings of the anterior temporal and masseter muscle were taken at rest position and during maximum clenching at centric occlusion. All data were analyzed and processed with the computer statistical method. The following results were obtained : 1. At rest position, the muscle activities of both temporal and masseter muscle were higher in anterior openbite than in normal occlusion. 2. During maximum clenching, the muscle activities of both temporal and masseter muscle were prominently lower in anterior openbite than in normal occlusion. 3. At rest position, the temporal muscle of anterior openbite showed the highest activity, but showed the lowest muscle activity during maximum clenching. 4. Anterior openbite showed closer interrelationship between facial morphology and the muscle activity, and the muscle activity was more influenced by the form of mandible than that of maxilla.

Donne의 詩를 극적요소로 분석하는 방법

정병화 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1987 敎育論叢 Vol.7 No.-

The New Critics, especially John C. Ransom, Allen Tate, and Cleanth Brooks have regarded John Donne as one of the best poets. The reason is that Donne's metaphor, what we call metaphysical conceit, is not ornamental but functional and organic in poetic structure. To analyse metaphors is an important method to understand Donne's poems. But when there is no logical development of conceit and no organic function or metaphor it cannot be applied to Donne. In that case, it is not useful analysing metaphors to grasp the whole meaning of Donne's poem. Many of Donne's poems have dramatic elements, for example, situation, conflicts, speaker etc. So it is much helpful to understand Donne's poems through a dramatic unity. Dramatic approach to Donne's poetry can give us an organic whole of his poetic meaning as well as delicate change of complex attitudes of characters, even the emotional change of inner conflict of personae. As C.D. Lewis said we can hear the real voice in printed page of Donne's poems. If we cannot be able to catch real voice and action, it is impossible to understand Donne's poems comprehensibly. In this sense dramatic approach to Donne's poetry is necessary.

산후의 우울 증상과 연관된 심리사회적 및 산과적 변인

김재원,김정화,김병조 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the psychosocial and obstetric factors associated with postpartum de-pressive symptoms in Korea. Methods : At the 1-week and 4-week postpartum visit, 61 postpartum women completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Data related to psychiatric and obstetric characteristics, pregnancy and delivery related events were collected from standard medical records. 42 women without a history of pregnancy or delivery within 6 months were recmited as a control group. The postpartum group were divided into depressive and non-depressive groups according to the EPDS and BDI results of 4-week postpartum. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores of EPDS and BDI at 1-week postpartum were significantly higher (p<.05 and p<.01, respectively) in the postpartum group. The postpartum group also scored significantly higher in the somatization, Psychoticism, and global severity index profiles according to the SCL-90-R results (p<.05). The mean score of BDI at 4-week postpartum was significantly higher (p<.01) in the postpartum group. There were significant correlations (p<.01) between the EPDS and BDI reports at 1- and 4-week postpartum. The rates of having experienced severe emotionalstress during pregnancy and of smokers and drinkers before pregnancy were significantly higher (p<.05) in the postpartum depressive group (EPDS ≥10 and BDI ≥ 10) compared to the postpartum non-depressive group. The rate of having experi-enced depressive symptoms at 1-week postpartum was also significantly higher in the postpartum group. The depressive sym-ptomatology at 1-week postpartum was identified as a significant risk factor for the depressive symptoms of 4-week postpartum when multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after controlling for age and education level. Conclusion : These findings suggest that postpartum women in Korea have many psychiatric problems such as depressive mood and somatization which necessitate proper care and assessment during the early postpartum period. Stress management during pregnancy may be helpful as a measure of preventing postpartum depression.

지구성 운동이 자연발생 고혈압 흰쥐의 혈압에 미치는 영향

이규승,전병화,김일곤,전종귀 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1996 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of indurance exercise on BP of SHR Experimental animals were SHR(180) and SD(90) and they were divided into three groups ; a experimental group1( practice group), a experiment group2(non practice group), and a comparative group (normal group). The experimental group 1 was practicing on a treadmill at 15m/min exercise intensity for 30 minutes a day four times per week for eight weeks. While raising experimental animals, We measured BP for each group once a week, and took the weight of the heart after killing a rat. and then we examined the concentration of ?? and ??, compared, and analyzed them. we have reached the following results. 1. As time passed, BP in the experimental group 1 was almost equal to BP eight weeks ago. BP in the experimental group 2 continued to rise and then showed typical hypertension. 2. The three groups were inclined to increase the weight of their hearts as time passed. However, the experimental group 2 presented the weight of hearts increasing compared with the experimental group1 after eight weeks. 3. In the experimental group 1, and experimental group 2 groups, ?? concentration was but ?? concentration increased as time passed. However, the experimental group1 showed fewer changes than the experimental group 2. 4. The weight of all three groups were inclined to increase as time passed, but it didn't present any noteworthy differences. According to the analysed result of the above experiment, endurannsce exercise becomes an important factor in preventing the raising of BP of SHR, and the hypertrophy of hearts. Key Words : Spontaneously Hypertension Rats, Blood Pressure, Endurance Ecercise

이명의 유병률 및 이명유무에 따른 청력역치수준

이원철,최병철,오민화,박정일,김현욱,구정완 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objectives: In order to establish prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus and hearing thresholes according to tinnitus, this study was carried out. Methods: Nine hundred and thirty two subjects, undergone human dock or general health check-up and been in college, were surveyed to the questionnaire on the general characteristics, past medical histories, life styles, subjective symptoms about hearing, taking ototoxic drugs and were conducted on the hearing thresholds by pure tone audiometry. Results: Of the total population, 98 reported tinnitus, giving an overall prevalence of 10.5%, prevalence of tinnitus in the subjects with the factors influencing hearing thresholds were 17.4%, prevalence without the factors influencing hearing thresholds were 7.5%. Frequency of tinnitus of the total population was the highest in 'once per several months' (39.6%) and followed by 'once per several days'(29.7%), 'all day long' (16.5%) and 'several times per day' (14.3%). Complaint site of tinnitus was 41.8% in left ear or right ear, 39.6% in both ear and 18.7% in head. The 13.6% of the total subjects complained sleep disturbance. Hearing thresholds in the subjects without the factors influencing hearing thresholds tended to increase or decrease in 20 and 30 years old according to tinnitus, but those with tinnitus tended to increase more than those without tinnitus in 40 and 50 years old. Conclusions: Results also provide evidence that reports of tinnitus at the time of annual audiometric testing may be useful in identifying workers at greater risk for developing significant shifts in hearing thresholds. Awareness of the possible occurrence of tinnitus may encourage workers to cooperate more actively in a company hearing conservation programme.